KamAZ-6350 - all-wheel drive truck from the Mustang family

KamAZ-6560 is an off-road chassis developed by the company for the needs of the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Emergency Situations. Previously, the Pantsir-S1 anti-aircraft missile system was based on the Ural 5323-20 platform, but over time the carrying capacity and strength turned out to be insufficient. All experiments led to sponsorship of the Kama plant to develop a new chassis.

In 2005, the design was ready and presented at the Moscow exhibition, and then went to the exhibition of military equipment in Abu Dhabi. The plant made a regular truck and a version for installing various add-ons, which is why the model is used by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, oil and gas companies and the armed forces. Production is established in Naberezhnye Chelny.

The KamAZ-6560 was brought to Abu Dhabi to gain foreign sales. It was not possible to achieve large numbers, but we managed to enter the export market.

Modifications

In addition to the standard truck (6560-6610-43) and the model with the ability to install your own add-ons (6560-3198-43), other versions are also available:

• Self-propelled crane KS-65713 with a boom reach of up to 34.1 m;
• Self-propelled crane KS-65715 with a boom reach of up to 40 m;
• Rescue tow truck with installed crane;
• Armored fighter Tornado.

Visually, the cabin of the vehicles is practically no different except for military models; in principle, the cabins of all models of the manufacturer are approximately the same.

Modifications of the KamAZ-6350 truck

KamAZ-6350 is not just an army truck, but also an excellent platform for combat systems

In many documents and descriptions, this vehicle is referred to as a “chassis vehicle.” This emphasizes its versatility and the ability to be used to create a wide range of special-purpose vehicles. A variety of modules and add-ons can be installed on the KamAZ-6350 chassis, which allows it to be used both for military tasks and for absolutely “civilian” work. Here are some types of special equipment built on the basis of KamAZ-6350:

• Truck tractor. This modification was first demonstrated in 2003 at an exhibition in Bronnitsy near Moscow. A tractor based on KamAZ-6350 can tow semi-trailers weighing up to 32 tons. When installing additional tanks, its range is 1,400 km;
• Artillery tractor. In 2006, an artillery tractor based on the KamAZ-6350 vehicle was presented at an arms exhibition. It received the designation KamAZ-63501. The tractor is capable of towing guns or other trailers weighing up to 12 tons, additionally “taking on board” eight more people (two in the cabin, and six more in the habitable compartment). The vehicle's cargo platform can transport up to 5 tons. The tractor is equipped with a crane, and the cabin and habitable compartment have hidden armor of the 5th protection class;
• Fire trucks. Based on the KamAZ-6350 chassis, a whole series of fire engines was created, including airfield versions, as well as a special armored fire and rescue vehicle APSB-6.0-40-10;
• Cranes. Specialists of OJSC Galich Truck Crane Plant created a 32-ton truck crane based on the KamAZ-6350.

Also, on the basis of the KamAZ-6350, military and civilian fuel tankers, vehicles with the Multilift ML-10 self-loading system were developed; the KamAZ-6350 chassis is equipped with the latest Russian electronic warfare complex "Krasukha", as well as the Avtobaza electronic reconnaissance system. The Azerbaijani Armed Forces installed the latest Turkish MLRS T-122 Sakarya and T-300 Kasirga on the KamAZ-6350, and the Serbs use this chassis for the 155-mm self-propelled gun Nora B-52.

Cabin interior

It is difficult for the driver and passengers to climb inside - the height is about 2 meters. Of course there are steps and handles to make climbing easier. Inside KamAZ-6560 there are three seats and one sleeping place. The seats are as simple as possible; the driver's seat has mechanical adjustments. You can also adjust the steering column and electrically adjustable rear view mirrors. The mirrors in the base are heated.

The design of the dashboard panel in the cockpit may differ depending on the modification. The driver will always have exclusively analog sensors with monitors displaying mileage. By the way, according to the plant, the car is designed for 180-300 thousand kilometers, depending on operating conditions and load.

For winter conditions, a powerful heater is installed, which perfectly warms the interior. There is also excellent noise and heat insulation for such equipment.

Successful chassis

The KamAZ 63501 chassis is equipped with various superstructures: crane installations, fire fighting equipment and geological exploration equipment. It finds application in various climatic zones with traffic on difficult routes; towing device of a road train - hook-and-loop.

The car is equipped with an engine of 360 horsepower with a displacement of 11.76 liters. The eight-cylinder overhead valve four-stroke engine with turbocharging and intercooling of charge air complies with the Euro-2 standard. New modifications are equipped with a Euro-3 standard engine.

The technical characteristics of the KamAZ 63501 chassis allow it to transport 16 tons of cargo, or a loaded superstructure not exceeding this weight. At the same time, the mass of a full road train reaches 37900 kg, the maximum speed of a road train is 80 km/h.

The chassis is equipped with two fuel tanks with a volume of 350 and 210 liters, fuel consumption per 100 km is 42 liters. The gearbox is a 16-speed manual gearbox made in Germany with mechanical remote control.

The clutch is single-disk, diaphragm, the hydraulic drive is equipped with a pneumatic booster. The two-stage transfer case provides not only inter-axle, but also inter-wheel locking.

The road train based on the KamAZ-63501 chassis is equipped with four autonomous braking systems: a working system controlled by a pedal on the front panel of the truck cab, a spare system (connected to the parking one) and an auxiliary one. This type of braking system has been successfully tested and has proven itself on other models. The vehicle is equipped with ABC.

The KamAZ-63501 chassis and modifications based on this vehicle, in order to increase the vehicle's maneuverability and good traction on the plane of movement, are equipped with 425/85 R21 single-pitch tires of a special all-terrain type with lugs and pneumatic air pumping, depending on the degree of loading of the superstructure. Model 63501 can be bought at dealerships, the price varies from 3,000,000 to 3,600,000 rubles, mileage cars from 180,000 rubles.

On the chassis of this model, the plant produces the KamAZ-63501-996 flatbed truck with a carrying capacity of 14 tons. For the truck, the trailer weight has been reduced to 11,000 kg; the total weight of the road train should not exceed 26,900 kg. Axle load: 11,100 kg on the front and 15,800 kg on the rear. Just like the base model, the truck is equipped with an all-metal comfortable three-seater cab, which is mounted on top of the engine. At the request of the buyer, the three-seater cabin can be in two versions: with or without a berth.

The driving characteristics of KamAZ-63501-996 do not differ from the base model. The car is designed for off-road use, overcomes a climb angle of 31%, turning radius of 14 meters, maximum speed when loaded is 90 km/h. The truck platform with folding sides can be equipped with a frame and an awning. In dealer centers the price of KamAZ 63501-996 is from 3 to 3.5 million rubles.

Engine and gearbox characteristics

Only one non-alternative diesel engine KamAZ-740.632-400 is installed on the KamAZ-

.
This is a turbocharged V8 with a cylinder angle of 90 degrees, Common Rail

Bosch
fuel equipment . Fuel is supplied to the cylinders through a 2-stage supercharger to electronically controlled injectors.

The 11.76-liter engine produces 400 horsepower at 1900 rpm and 1766 H*m of torque at 1300 rpm. According to the passport, the car consumes 44 liters per 100 km from a 350-liter tank.

The engine is paired with two similar gearboxes - 16-speed manual transmission ZF 16 S1820

and
ZF 16 S1822
.
They differ only in the gear ratio of the first gear. KamAZ-6560 gearboxes are equipped with a hydraulic clutch drive with a pneumatic booster MFZ-430
.
Then the torque goes to the axles through a 2-speed Steyr
.

The equipment is complemented by inter-wheel and inter-axle differential locking, due to which the power always goes to the front wheels and sequentially to the rear. An optional power take-off box for the winch and other equipment is installed. The company claims that the equipment is capable of climbing half-meter vertical walls and 60-degree inclines.

The history of the creation of the KamAZ-6350 car

Work on the creation of Mustang trucks began in the late 80s. The designers were tasked with creating a series of maximally unified multi-purpose vehicles, with a payload capacity of 4 to 10 tons, capable of driving off-road, operating in a wide range of temperatures and in high altitude conditions.

The KamAZ-6350 was first introduced to the general public in 1995. Testing of the car continued until 2002, after which its mass production began. In the same year, the vehicle was accepted into service by the Russian armed forces.

When creating the car, the rich experience of operating Kama Automobile Plant cars in a variety of conditions was taken into account, while a large number of new solutions were implemented in its design.

Brakes, frame and electrics

The truck stops thanks to a pneumatic braking system on 420 mm drums. The width of all brake linings is 180 mm. The efficiency of the system is sufficient.

The machine is built on a powerful frame, reinforced with solid side members. The design of KamAZ-6560 was developed from scratch, taking into account all the stringent requirements of the customer and operating conditions. To make the truck's handling safer off-road, engineers installed anti-roll bars.

An 8-axle flatbed truck has operational limitations.

The electronic systems are powered by two batteries with a capacity of 12 Volts/190 Ampere-hours. They are recharged independently from a 28-volt generator at 3000 watts.

Device

At the time of release (2004), KamAZ 63501 had no analogues in the world. Four drive axles, high load capacity and an 8 by 8 wheel arrangement ensured excellent cross-country ability and made the model unique.

KamAZ 63501 was equipped with a 16-speed manual transmission ZF 16S 1820. Initially, the gearbox was imported from Europe (manufacturer: Zahnrad Fabrik). However, subsequently the production of these checkpoints was established in Naberezhnye Chelny. Currently, almost all modifications of KamAZ 63501 are equipped with gearboxes assembled by Russian manufacturers. Cast iron covers, gears, aluminum housings, clutch housings and other parts for transmissions are manufactured in Russia, while oil seals, synchronizers and bearings continue to be imported from Germany.

The car uses a single-plate dry diaphragm-type clutch with a hydraulic drive and pneumatic booster. The KamAZ 63501 is equipped with a 2-speed transfer case KamAZ 65111 with a locking center differential. The differential is locked on the rear axles, the drive of the front axles is permanent and cannot be switched off.

For KamAZ 63501 there are 4 brake systems:

• operating system driven by a pedal. It is based on drum mechanisms. Pad width – 140 mm, drum diameter – 400 mm;
• parking system;
• spare system combined with parking;
• auxiliary system.

KamAZ 63501 is also equipped with an anti-lock braking system.

The electrical system includes a 3000 W generator and 2 190 Amp-hour batteries.

Cabin

The cabin of the all-wheel drive four-axle vehicle from Naberezhnye Chelny does not differ from other models of the plant in any original properties: it is a standard KamAZ cabin - three-seater, all-metal, tilting forward. Along with other trucks, the KamAZ-63501 cab was also restyled. Currently, a modern cabin is installed on the four-axle vehicle, in which the contours of Mercedes trucks can be discerned.

In fact, despite its German origin, only the first hundred cabins of the new model were delivered to Chelny from Europe assembled. Then they were imported in the form of six large preparations. From these, a frame was welded in special conductors specifically for this cabin. In recent years, the plant has launched an assembly line, where cabins are already completely manufactured from several hundred parts.

At the painting stage, they introduced cataphoresis priming of the cabins (all of them, even the old ones that are manufactured for spare parts). The cabin is completely immersed in a bath in which electro-deposition of soil onto the steel occurs. Therefore, we can hope for a significant increase in the corrosion resistance of new cabins compared to old-style cabins.

New cabins are available in three versions: No. 1 – day cabin (short and with a low ceiling); No. 2 – also with a low ceiling, but elongated – equipped with a berth 685 mm wide; No. 3 – elongated and with a high ceiling. It is clear that for KamAZ-63501 the third option is not relevant - this is not a long-haul tractor. But the second one is available: for an off-road truck, focused on working on the winter roads of the Far North, Siberia and the Far East, a cab with a sleeper is the right option.

The external width of the new cabin is slightly wider than the previous one (2.5 m instead of 2.3 m). The height from floor to ceiling is 1.51 m. An adjustable steering column is installed, equipped with a pneumatic lock. The driver's seat (licensed "Grammer", made in neighboring Yelabuga by the joint venture TIS LLC) is installed on an air suspension.

If the cabin has a sleeping place, then in the compartments under the lower shelf it is possible to place a significant number of things and belongings. There you can also equip a portable refrigerator. The KamAZ-63501 cab suspension is four-point, on spring struts. It is raised by a hydraulic lift, pumping the pump with an installation.

Dimensions and load capacity

Car dimensions:

• length – 10.25 m;
• width – 2.55 m;
• height – 3.52 m;
• wheelbase – 2.06 m + 4 m +1.44 m;
• ground clearance - 0.4 m.

6560 lifting capacity characteristics:

• curb weight - 14.85 tons;
• maximum weight - 37.1 tons;
• load capacity – 20.12 tons;
• total weight of the towed trailer – 12 tons;
• weight as part of a road train - 50 tons.

Weight distribution:

• first and second axles with curb weight – 9.1 tons;
• rear axle with curb weight - 5.3 tons;
• the first and second bridges with a total weight of 15 tons;
• rear axle with total weight - 23 tons.

KamAZ-63501 as a base for special equipment

There is a firefighter KamAZ 63501, the technical characteristics of which meet the requirements for eliminating hazardous factors. This is an armored vehicle adapted to work in particularly difficult conditions. Firefighting, rescue operations and restoration work - the vehicle allows you to solve multiple tasks.

The model is taken as a basis when creating a truck crane. 63501 has proven itself as a reliable chassis for mounting a truck crane. The KamAZ base successfully houses crane units with various lifting capacities - from 30 to 50 tons.

The telescopic boom has four sections, making it possible to move various loads during high-rise construction. The vehicle has found wide application in the military industry, where it is used as a base for transporting artillery systems and a set for the rapid deployment of temporary roads.

Power unit

The most interesting thing about the KamAZ 63501 car is its technical characteristics, fuel consumption and engine. At the beginning of production, the cars were equipped with diesel engines of our own production. The 4-stroke liquid-cooled engine complies with the Euro-2 environmental standard. The engine design is turbocharged.

High-quality engine operation is achieved largely due to intermediate air cooling. Later versions began to be equipped with power units 740.612-320 and 740.602-360 produced by the Kama Automobile Plant.

Thanks to this improvement, the engines met the Euro 4 standard. It is worth noting that the engines have a CommonRail fuel supply mechanism, as well as electronic control.

Peculiarities

This model has truly impressive cross-country ability. In harsh road conditions, this truck has virtually no equal. Excellent all-terrain qualities are due not only to all-wheel drive, but also to single-pitch tires, additional axles, locked interwheel and center differentials, and a tire pressure regulation system, thanks to which you can increase the contact patch of the wheel with the surface.

KamAZ-63501 is also highly versatile. Combined with its large carrying capacity, the vehicle can be equipped with a wide variety of special superstructures and can be used both in the army and in civilian areas.

Moreover, in the first case, it is often used as a tractor for towing heavy equipment. In addition, weapons and various systems are installed on the mounting frame, such as a complex for the rapid deployment of temporary roads or a multiple launch rocket system of the Smerch series.

The new cabins are more comfortable and ergonomic. Inside there is a comfortable seat with air suspension and a powerful heating system. In addition, some trim levels include a full-fledged bed and a portable refrigerator.

The engines used have not only excellent power performance, but also a very long service life and high reliability.

Another distinctive feature of this truck is its resistance to harsh operating conditions and unpretentiousness, and thanks to the simplicity of the design, any malfunction can be eliminated practically in the field, which is especially important for any military equipment.

Purpose

The scope of application of the KamAZ-63501 truck is very wide. Although this model was aimed at military service, due to its excellent performance indicators, it was also produced for civilian use.

In the army, KamAZ-63501 is used to transport personnel, ammunition and other similar cargo. With special add-ons, the truck is capable of transporting any military equipment and even carrying missile systems and other weapons. Like other military vehicles, this model can use KUNGs and various modules. There are really a lot of such modifications and they all differ mainly in the installed equipment and purpose.

Civil modifications are no less versatile. The standard flatbed version specializes in transporting any cargo. In addition to it, cranes and manipulators can be installed, allowing loading and unloading to be carried out independently. Thanks to its impressive cross-country ability, KamAZ-63501 is in great demand in the oil and gas industries, where it often uses drilling rigs, tank trucks and crew buses. For forestry purposes, the truck was converted into a timber carrier.

Fire departments and the Ministry of Emergency Situations use this model in cases where the use of conventional trucks due to harsh road conditions is impossible. Here the truck is equipped with special equipment that operates from the power take-off. For example, a pump that supplies water under pressure to extinguish fires and much more. It is worth noting that the type of superstructure installed primarily depends on the main purpose of the truck. For example, if the model is used for emergency evacuation of people, then special modules for this purpose are installed on the chassis.