Design and characteristics of the MAZ-64229 cabover truck

MAZ-6422 is a truck tractor using a three-axle chassis with a 6x4 wheel arrangement. Serial production of this car is carried out by the Minsk Automobile Plant. In addition to the basic tractor, the designers of the Minsk Automobile Plant also developed various modified versions that are still being produced.

The main purpose of this tractor is to transport goods along intercity and international routes as part of a road train. Often the car uses a two-axle semi-trailer of the MAZ-9398 brand, but in addition to this it can also tow many others.

The model is in great demand in many CIS countries. It is used by various industrial sectors and companies specializing in cargo transportation.

Story

The development of this model began back in the 1960s. Then the designers were faced with the task of creating a more modern replacement for the outdated 500th family of trucks. In 1973, the Minsk Automobile Plant was able to present the first models of the new family, which received the factory index MAZ-6422.

Unlike the previous family, the new trucks had a higher quality cabin lining and an all-metal cargo platform. A little later, other models were developed on the basis of these trucks, namely long-haul truck tractors with a three-seater cab with a berth, and dump trucks with a maximum load capacity of 7,200 kilograms.

In 1978, the designers carried out a small restyling, as a result of which the entire family received an updated appearance, which later became the signature style of Minsk trucks. Until 1984, serial production of the MAZ-6422 family was carried out by an experimental workshop. However, later the models appeared on the main assembly line.

MAZ-6422 truck tractors are popularly called SuperMAZ. This is due to the fact that the models were distinguished by fairly high power indicators and performance characteristics, and they also performed well when working in difficult conditions.

The models were so successful that their mass production continues to this day. Moreover, the design of cars has remained virtually unchanged since the 1980s.

Scope of use

To each his own - this rule also applies to cars. So what is this tractor intended for? MAZ 64229 is capable of intercity transportation. However, he feels good in the city. Of course, large sizes affect comfort, but this is not a significant obstacle.

Now another question: what to transport? MAZ 64229 is a typical tractor.

This type is multifunctional. Whatever they attach to him, he will be lucky. This “what” can be anything. MAZ 64229 is capable of pulling tank trucks, special installations, platforms, refrigerator bodies, bodies and much more, the list does not end there. Accordingly, each type of trailer has its own product. Fuel, liquid, equipment, cargo materials, products and so on. MAZ is capable of a lot, that’s why it is respected.

Modifications

For consumers, this truck tractor is available in several versions, including:

MAZ-6422.

It is the basic version, mass production of which began in 1981 and continued until 1985. A diesel power plant is installed under the cab;

MAZ-64224.

The Minsk Automobile Plant began producing this modification in 1989. It uses a YaMZ-8421 diesel engine, which develops a maximum output power of 425 horsepower;

MAZ-64221.

It is an analogue of the previous modification. A YaMZ-8421 eight-cylinder V-shaped diesel engine is also installed here, the maximum power of which reaches 425 horsepower. The model has been produced since 1989;

MAZ-642205-220.

Under the cabin of this vehicle there is a YaMZ-238DE2 diesel power unit, which complies with Euro-2 environmental requirements. The maximum power of this engine is 330 horsepower;

MAZ-64226.

For this model, the designers chose a German engine from MAN. It has a maximum power of 360 horsepower. It is paired with a 16-speed manual transmission;

MAZ-64227.

It is a modified version of the basic MAZ-6422 tractor. A distinctive feature is the modified front part of the cabin. The car uses an eight-cylinder V-shaped diesel engine YaMZ-238F, the maximum power of which is 320 horsepower. Serial production of this modification was carried out by the Minsk Automobile Plant from 1985 to 1988;

MAZ-64229.

It is an improved version of the previous modification. Externally, both cars are identical, but this model uses a YaMZ-238D engine, which also has eight cylinders and a maximum power of 320 horsepower. Serial production of the model began in 1987.

Disadvantages of the truck

Nothing can be perfect, not even this tractor. No matter how much we praise him, he still has a critical point. Electrical wiring is the worst enemy of the MAZ 64229 tractor. The electrical circuit of the car quite often, especially in difficult situations (overload, severe frost), fails. Therefore, before every serious trip it is worth “getting under the hood” and doing a superficial analysis with special instruments. From the above we can conclude: every MAZ driver is required to understand the electrical circuits of the truck and carry instructions and a repair kit with him.

Without this, a breakdown in some wilderness can disrupt the transportation route schedule for a long time.

Cabin

An all-metal cabover cab is installed above the engine. Unlike its predecessors, the MAZ-6422 has a truly new appearance. If earlier rounded shapes were observed in the design, then with the advent of this family they were replaced by straight ones. In addition, other elements were changed, such as the headlights and radiator grille.

The windshield on its predecessors consisted of two parts, and had a partition in the middle. The designers abandoned this solution and installed a solid panoramic glass on the new model, which had a positive effect on visibility from the driver’s workplace. Instead of the bulky shockproof bumper, also available on previous cars, an updated version was used, which housed the main headlight unit. In addition, the roof-mounted spoiler has also been updated.

The interior space of the cabin has also changed for the better. One of the distinctive features of this family is that the jaw is now installed on the steering wheel, when previously it was represented by a special cord. Shock absorbers were used for the driver's seat, smoothing out vibrations and shaking when moving over road irregularities. In addition, the seat has several adjustments, including length, height, backrest angle, and the driver’s weight. There are two berths installed at the rear wall of the cabin, allowing the driver and passenger to rest in their free time from the road. Also, both sleeping bags have seat belts.

It is also worth noting that the MAZ-6422 was equipped with truly advanced electrical equipment for that time, namely:

1. Tachograph;
2. Speedometer;
3. Radio tape recorder;
4. Pressure sensor in the brake circuit.

Since the entire cabin structure is located above the power unit, a special hydraulic cylinder with a manual hydraulic pump drive was installed to access it during maintenance and repair. It allows you to tilt the entire cabin forward.

Specifications

Engine

The MAZ-6422 truck tractor has a fairly wide range of power plants. In different years of production, the model was equipped with the following engines:

YaMZ-238D. This is an eight-cylinder diesel power plant with a V-shaped design. The engine has liquid cooling, direct fuel injection, and a turbocharging system with intercooling of the charge air. In terms of environmental friendliness, this unit belongs to the Euro-0 class.

Characteristics of YaMZ-238D:

1. Working volume – 14.86 l;
2. Maximum power – 320 hp;
3. Cylinder diameter – 130 mm;
4. Piston stroke – 140 mm;
5. Maximum torque – 1225 N.m. (at 1200-1400 rpm);
6. Cooling is liquid.

Dimensions of YaMZ-238D:

1. Length – 1315 mm;
2. Width – 1045 mm;
3. Height – 1070 mm.

YaMZ-238DE2. It is a modernized version of the previous engine. This is also an eight-cylinder diesel engine with a V-shaped cylinder arrangement, a liquid cooling system, direct fuel injection, and turbocharging, supplemented by intercooling of the charge air. Unlike the previous engine, the YaMZ-238DE2 complies with Euro-2 environmental requirements.

Characteristics of YaMZ-238DE2:

1. Working volume – 14.86 l;
2. Maximum power – 330 hp;
3. Cylinder diameter – 130 mm;
4. Piston stroke – 140 mm;
5. Maximum torque – 1274 N.m. (at 1100-1300 rpm);
6. Cooling is liquid.

Dimensions of YaMZ-238DE2:

1. Length – 1388 mm;
2. Width – 1045 mm;
3. Height – 1100 mm.

YaMZ-238F. It is an eight-cylinder diesel power unit with a V-shaped cylinder arrangement. It has direct fuel injection, liquid cooling and turbocharging with intercooling of the charge air.

Characteristics of YaMZ-238F:

1. Working volume – 14.86 l;
2. Maximum power – 320 hp;
3. Cylinder diameter – 130 mm;
4. Piston stroke – 140 mm;
5. Maximum torque – 1118 N.m. (at 1600 rpm);
6. Cooling is liquid.

Dimensions of YaMZ-238F:

1. Length – 1082 mm;
2. Width – 1045 mm;
3. Height – 1154 mm.

YaMZ-8421. This is an eight-cylinder diesel engine with a V-shaped layout. The engine is equipped with a liquid cooling system, direct fuel injection, as well as turbocharging with intermediate cooling of the charge air.

Characteristics of YaMZ-8421:

1. Working volume – 17.24 l;
2. Maximum power – 425 hp;
3. Cylinder diameter – 140 mm;
4. Piston stroke – 140 mm;
5. Maximum torque – 1686 N.m. (at 1100-1300 rpm);
6. Cooling is liquid.

Dimensions of YaMZ-8421:

1. Length – 1315 mm;
2. Width – 1045 mm;
3. Height – 1070 mm.

YaMZ-6581.10. This is an eight-cylinder diesel power plant with a V-shaped cylinder arrangement. The engine has a liquid cooling system and turbocharging, complemented by an intercooler for the charge air. In terms of environmental friendliness, YaMZ-6581.10E3 belongs to the Euro-3 class.

Characteristics of YaMZ-6581.10:

1. Working volume – 14.86 l;
2. Maximum power – 400 hp;
3. Cylinder diameter – 130 mm;
4. Piston stroke – 140 mm;
5. Maximum torque – 1766 N.m. (at 1100-1500 rpm);
6. Cooling is liquid.

Dimensions of YaMZ-6581.10:

1. Length – 1286 mm;
2. Width – 955 mm;
3. Height – 1136 mm.

YaMZ-6582.10. It is an eight-cylinder V-shaped engine running on diesel fuel. From the factory, this engine is equipped with direct fuel injection, a liquid cooling system and turbocharging with subsequent cooling of the charge air. This engine also complies with Euro-3 environmental requirements.

Characteristics of YaMZ-6582.10:

1. Working volume – 17.24 l;
2. Maximum power – 425 hp;
3. Cylinder diameter – 140 mm;
4. Piston stroke – 140 mm;
5. Maximum torque – 1686 N.m. (at 1100-1300 rpm);
6. Cooling is liquid.

Dimensions of YaMZ-6582.10:

1. Length – 1315 mm;
2. Width – 1045 mm;
3. Height – 1070 mm.

YaMZ-7511.10. It is an eight-cylinder diesel power unit with a V-shaped cylinder arrangement. It has direct fuel injection, a liquid cooling system and turbocharging with intercooling of the charge air. In addition, the engine complies with Euro-2 environmental standards.

Characteristics of YaMZ-7511.10:

1. Working volume – 14.86 l;
2. Maximum power – 400 hp;
3. Cylinder diameter – 130 mm;
4. Piston stroke – 140 mm;
5. Maximum torque – 1715 N.m. (at 1100-1300 rpm);
6. Cooling is liquid.

Dimensions of YaMZ-7511.10:

1. Length – 1425 mm;
2. Width – 1045 mm;
3. Height – 1100 mm.

Operational resource

Most installed engines have an operational life of 800 thousand kilometers, after which a major overhaul is required. However, more modern versions of engines have an increased service life of up to one million kilometers.

It is recommended to carry out scheduled maintenance every 15-40 thousand kilometers, depending on operating conditions and the installed engine.

Fuel tank

In the standard version, the MAZ-6422 truck tractor has a fuel tank with a capacity of 350 liters. But on some modifications, the designers used an enlarged tank, the volume of which is 500 liters. This allows the car to cover significant distances without stopping to refuel.

Fuel consumption

Fuel consumption averages about 36 liters per 100 kilometers. When operating with a loaded semi-trailer, this figure can increase to 45-48 liters per 100 kilometers. In addition to workload, the speed of movement also affects consumption.

checkpoint

Many versions of the MAZ-6422 tractor use a mechanical four-speed gearbox provided by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant, namely the YaMZ-238A. This gearbox has a multiplier, which doubles the number of available gears. All forward gears are equipped with synchronizers. YaMZ-238A has the following gear ratios:

• 1Н – 7.73;
• 1B – 5.52;
• 2Н – 3.94;
• 2B – 2.80;
• 3Н – 1.96;
• 3B – 1.39;
• 4H – 1.00;
• 4B – 0.71;
• ZHN – 11.78;
• ZHV – 2.99.

Torque from the engine is transmitted to the rear bogie axles by two cardan shafts. The drive axles have a spaced apart two-stage main gear, consisting of a central bevel gearbox and planetary gears located in the hubs.

The car's transmission also has a double-disc clutch with peripheral springs and a mechanical release drive with a pneumatic booster. On more modern modifications, designers began to use a hydraulic shutdown drive and a pneumatic amplifier.

Modifications currently produced are equipped with other gearboxes. The basic option for them is a 9-speed manual gearbox of the YaMZ-2381 brand and a 12-speed manual gearbox of the foreign-made 12JS200TA brand. An optional 9-speed 9JS135A is also available with manual shifting.

Brake system

MAZ-6422 is equipped with a pneumatic braking system with two separate circuits. All wheels are equipped with drum brakes with two brake linings. The width of these pads is 160 millimeters, and the diameter of the drums themselves is 125 millimeters.

Spring energy accumulators are installed on the rear bogie, providing the parking and emergency brakes with an effect on the braking mechanisms. In addition, this model also has an auxiliary braking system, represented by a pneumatically controlled motor retarder.

The pneumatic system is supplemented with a special alcohol fuse that prevents condensate from freezing during operation in winter.

Chassis

The tractor unit is built on a classic ladder frame. The front has a dependent suspension. Its design includes longitudinal semi-elliptical springs, double-stroke hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers, and an anti-roll bar.

The rear bogie is equipped with a spring-balance suspension. It also consists of longitudinal springs. In addition, there are six reaction bars and an anti-roll bar.

The front and rear axles are equipped with discless wheels with rim size 8.5B-20. Each wheel is secured with six bolts with clamps. The wheels are equipped with pneumatic tires of the I-111A brand, having a size of 11.00R20 (300R508). It is worth noting that designers have begun installing disc wheels on modern models.

dimensions

1. Total length – 6570 mm;
2. Full width – 2500 mm;
3. Total height – 2970 mm;
4. Wheelbase length – 2900 mm;
5. Rear bogie wheelbase length – 1400 mm;
6. Front track width – 2002 mm;
7. Rear track width – 1792 mm;
8. Ground clearance – 260 mm;
9. Front overhang length – 1400 mm;
10. Fifth wheel coupling height – 1400 mm;
11. The smallest turning radius is 9200 mm.

Weight and load capacity

MAZ-6422 has a curb weight of 9350 kilograms. The installed fifth wheel coupling can withstand a load of 14,500 kilograms. When fully loaded, the tractor weighs 24,000 kilograms, of which 6,000 rest on the front axle and 18,000 on the rear bogie.

The car can tow semi-trailers with a gross weight of no more than 33,000 kilograms. In this case, the total weight of the entire road train can be 43,000 kilograms.

Power supply

The on-board network of this tractor has a voltage of 24 Volts. The main power sources are two lead batteries and a generator set.

The batteries are connected in series, which allows the required voltage to be achieved. Each battery has a nominal voltage of 12 Volts and a capacity of 190 Ampere-hours. The generator set produces a voltage of 28 Volts, some of which recharges the batteries during operation.

Type of transmission, steering and brakes

The YaMZ engine operates together with the YaMZ-238A manual transmission from the same Yaroslavl plant. The gearbox is 4-speed. However, it has a demultiplier. Because of this, in fact, the number of gears becomes 8: 6 forward, and 2 reverse. Synchronizers are not used only in reverse.

The transmission itself is represented by 2 cardan shafts. Main – 2-stage, spaced. The gearbox is of a central bevel type. The wheel hubs use planetary gears. The double-disc clutch, all from the same plant, model YaMZ-238N, is equipped with special springs and pneumatic reinforcement. Now the pneumatic-hydraulic configuration has taken this place.

The steering system is additionally reinforced with a remote-type hydraulic cylinder. The declared backlash is no more than 6 degrees. The steering wheel has a semi-integral architecture. Due to this, ease of operation is achieved. The mechanism is based on a screw and a ball nut-rack.

The brakes are represented by classic drums reaching 125 mm in diameter. There is a 2-circuit pneumatic drive. Each brake chamber is equipped with an additional spring accumulator. If the truck is moving at high speed, the best braking quality will still be provided.

The parking brake mechanism has a pneumatic drive and a spare brake. Drive type – combined. A special fuse protects the mechanism from condensation.

Peculiarities

Already in the first years of production, this truck tractor became one of the most popular. Moreover, the MAZ-6422 model is still in quite high demand. The new car differs from its predecessors:

1. More comfortable and safer steering wheel;
2. Significantly increased level of comfort;
3. Spring suspension of the driver's seat;
4. Having a neat wardrobe;
5. More durable and reliable drive axles;
6. Quite comfortable sleeping places;
7. Reliable and resistant to increased loads gearbox;
8. Reliable and unpretentious power plants;
9. Excellent maneuverability and load capacity.

In addition to all this, the MAZ-6422 has a simple and understandable design, so its maintenance and repair do not cause any particular difficulties. The installed engines demonstrate excellent power performance, which, together with a gearbox with a range, allows the tractor to cope with very complex tasks.

Compared to foreign analogues, the Belarusian tractor also stands out for its maintainability and accessibility.

Price

The cost of modern modifications with zero mileage now starts at 3 million rubles for standard equipment. The list of basic equipment of the tractor includes a sprung driver's seat, an adjustable steering column, a digital tachograph, an efficient heating system, an ABS anti-lock braking system, hydraulic power steering, as well as audio preparation and much more.

Used cars produced between 2006 and 2009 are available on the secondary market at prices ranging from 850 thousand to 1.1 million rubles. More recent copies, produced in 2011 and 2012, will cost from 1.3 million to 1.5 million rubles. In addition to the year of manufacture, the price tag of used tractors is also affected by the technical condition, type of modification, and mileage.

You can rent a MAZ-6422 for a price starting from 1,300 rubles per working hour.

Pros of the truck

We can talk about the advantages for a long time. Quality, reliability and repairability are the trump cards of this model. Also relatively low fuel consumption. Therefore, efficiency can also be attributed to the advantages of MAZ. But fuel is not the only consumption factor.

The initial cost, which, by the way, does not exceed three million rubles, plays a big role. Parts, repairs, spare parts also cannot be ignored. No one has yet canceled cheap repairs. In general, MAZ 64229 is an excellent truck that justifies its purchase.

Reviews from owners and drivers

• For a year and a half I have been working on a three-axle tractor MAZ 6422 produced in 2003. A car with a 330-horsepower turbo engine without an intercooler. The YaMZ-238 engine pulls well on inclines, as if it was designed for them. It took months to find a suitable car, but in the end I got at least a car that wasn’t damaged. The cabin is flat, not bent. The car also has new tires, and the engine and gearbox have been overhauled. Of course, it would be stupid to miss the chance to own such a car. Well, maybe the cabin is too cold in winter. As a result, it had to be insulated, and now you can even open the window at minus 20 degrees. The sleeping bag is mounted on a homemade metal frame. You can do without it, but I have no idea where else to put things - I put them under the sleeping shelf. It's inconvenient to get them out of there. The car drives normally, and there are no problems starting in cold weather. I average 42 liters per 100 km, and the maximum is 50 liters. As for the suspension, the springs sag from time to time, because there are often overloads - depending on the situation. Overall the impressions are positive. For a year and a half, the truck has not given much cause for concern. Most often, breakdowns happen due to small things. Or maybe I was just lucky.
• I bought this truck in the fall of 2014. A car from the 90s with a 330-horsepower engine. The good old medium-duty tractor is the most alive of all living things, albeit with a very rusty body that requires constant attention. Regular inspection of the chassis, as well as monitoring the level of operating fluids, will not hurt. From time to time, antifreeze “runs out” of the tank, and there are also problems with air. In addition, I have changed the unit several times and buy only used components. Gaskets need to be changed very often, although this is not a big deal. But the checkpoint died THREE times! I changed it the same amount. Current mileage is 470 thousand km. I also changed the clutch several times, which can be said about the wheels - I don’t argue that imported ones are better. But I just want to save money and make a profit with minimal costs. The cabin is all rusty - it's already starting to have holes through it. I plan to digest it, prime it and repaint it. The springs in the suspension often broke and the brakes pounded. Once the frame between the bridges burst and we had to weld it. In short, the car is quite expensive, but you can’t buy a foreign car for that kind of money.
• Maz 6422 is a solid workhorse, with a powerful 330-horsepower diesel engine that thrashes in any weather and on any diesel fuel. Yes, it is very noisy and rumbles at idle, like some kind of tractor. The sound insulation that came from the factory was poor, and the rigidity of the body was completely cardboard - after a couple of months, the cabin had already begun to acquire corrosion in all places, especially in the area of ​​the door sills. The door hinges were the ones that rotted the quickest - all of this needs to be replaced, but I can’t look at this “beauty” forever. The manual transmission reveals the potential of the diesel engine well, but gears must be shifted smoothly to avoid jerking and jerking. There are no complaints about visibility - thanks to the high seating position, large rear-view mirrors and wide glass area. The standard stove, admittedly, heated rather weakly, so we had to install an independent heater. Over time, I improved the sound insulation and berth, and installed the driver’s seat on an air cushion - it’s much more comfortable. Fuel consumption strictly depends on the load - for example, when loaded it’s 48 liters per 100 km, and when empty it’s 35 liters. The front panel in the cabin seems to live its own life - it creaks and vibrates on every bump and hole, because it is assembled with an uneven fit of parts. The plastic is completely poor - it couldn’t be cheaper. The dashboard sometimes shows some kind of utter nonsense; I haven’t paid attention to the speedometer for a long time.

MAZ 64229 – the photo will tell you a lot

What is also worth noting is the appearance of this truck. He is clear, concise and restrained. This is exactly how I want to see this hero. The square cabin has several color options, which are already considered classic for MAZ products. Blue, white, red and even orange: the choice is for everyone. As for the characteristic features. It’s simply impossible not to recognize the large, half-cabin square radiator grille. In many other models it is chrome-plated, but MAZ 64229 (the photo will prove it) is content with only a meager black radiator grille.

Below you can see a massive iron bumper. In addition to his direct responsibilities related to maintaining safety, he also performs a lighting function, because the headlights are located on the bumper. Square lights are located exactly on the sides. We can't help but mention the rear view mirrors. These are quite large objects that are exposed in different directions. At first glance it is not very attractive, but it is multifunctional. This “crooked” arrangement helps to reduce the “blind” zone, which among trucks is famous for its large area.