Body volume of Gazelle of various modifications

Correct loading of the vehicle for cargo transportation

– it’s not as simple as it seems. Piling everything into a heap and compacting it is not a method at all, and certainly not a panacea for solving the problem of cargo placement during transportation.

Correct load centering

and placement
of the center of mass
. After all, if you shift the center of gravity to any side, then when entering turns the car can simply turn over, especially if the center of mass is high enough.

Central load distribution

– this is already progress. But we must not forget that a light-duty truck (Bychka, Gazelle) has only two wheels in front, and they account for the entire cabin (400 kg), engine and transmission (500 kg) and passengers with the driver (200 kg). That is, the front axle accounts for at least 1 ton, which is quite significant for small cars. And when braking with an overloaded front axle, the rear wheels wedge and skid, and the front wheels, especially if the brakes are drum-type, turn. Disc brakes are much better at holding power, but they have their limits. There are four wheels on the rear axle; this axle is practically not loaded and it is precisely this axle that is intended to place cargo on it for transportation.

When the load is placed correctly

the front wheels should not be overloaded; this dramatically increases the maneuverability of the vehicle and its speed characteristics. The car becomes more stable when cornering and picks up speed faster, you don’t want to drag along like a turtle? Good luck with your move.

Transporting goods by Gazelle car and other trucks is one of the most affordable ways to transport heavy items, from furniture to agricultural implements, to remote regions of one country or abroad. However, neglecting safety requirements can cause a serious accident and even death. Extreme caution is needed on the road and when handling cargo, because drivers are often tasked with moving dangerous, flammable cargo that risks exploding.

Cargo transportation in Gazelle is very popular for small volumes of cargo

Cargo categories

Cargoes are classified by weight:

• Dimensional – that is, corresponding to the standards.
• Heavy - the weight of such cargo clearly exceeds the permitted weight for transportation by vehicle.
• Oversized – exceeding the size of a car and exceeding its limits by an amount unacceptable by the rules. To transport heavy and large goods, the driver must first obtain special permission from higher authorities, otherwise he will have to pay a large fine.

Some cargo poses a danger to civilians and the environment. Such products are grouped into nine classes depending on their level of danger. Cargo transportation of dangerous goods is allowed only if there are warning signs on the vehicles; each hazard class has its own:

1. First class of danger. Explosives, say TNT. Motorists transporting containers with such goods are required to mark their vehicles with an orange sign on which is depicted an image of an explosion. The first subclasses – from 1.1 to 1.3 – are the most “explosive”; substances marked with numbers from 1.4 onwards are not so risky to transport.
2. The second class groups different gases: they can be poisonous and flammable. The former are warned by a sign in the shape of a red diamond with a picture of an explosion, while the latter are warned by a table with an image of a skull on a white background.
3. The third class includes flammable substances, which are marked by a sign in the form of a red diamond and an inscription on it.
4. The fourth is flammable, but without explosions. Class mark 4.1. – tongues of flame drawn on a red and white striped background. Substances of class 4.2. may ignite on their own, say due to high air temperature. If the cargo consists of these substances, it is marked with a sign in the form of a diamond, divided into two parts: the upper white with the image of flames and the lower red. To class 4.3. These include substances that tend to ignite due to contact with liquids; they are marked with a black flame on a blue background.
5. The fifth class is oxidizing agents. The sign depicts a flame dancing over a circle.
6. The sixth class denotes substances that are bacteriologically dangerous and toxic. If the containers are filled with bacteriological substances, this is indicated by a sign in the shape of a rhombus with crescents; and simply toxic substances are marked by a drawing of a skull and crossbones.
7. Cargoes of the seventh hazard class are highlighted by a table with a trefoil pattern, this is a designation of radioactive substances.
8. The eighth hazard class covers substances that cause corrosion. The sign is a rhombus, painted white on top and black on the bottom. The white half depicts a hand and an ingot.
9. Class nine collects various hazardous substances not included in the previous groups. They are marked with a table, the upper part of which is drawn with vertical stripes.

Transportation in trailers

Cargo transportation with trailers has several nuances. Trailers carry long loads, usually building materials - boards, beams. Driving with a trailer, especially with extensions, in the city is dangerous - it requires more room to turn, the car becomes awkward, and it is more difficult to control.

According to the traffic rules, with trailers and an extension cord on a passenger car, it is allowed to transport objects up to 5.5 meters; anything longer is prohibited. If the load extends one meter beyond the trailer, it should be marked with a sign.

Items must be carefully secured, otherwise all the boards, beams, etc. will fall out of the trailer onto the road and may hit passing cars, which their owners will not be happy about.

Following the Rules of the Road is not a luxury, but a necessity that will allow you to avoid injury, loss of money, expensive items and nerves.

The Gorky Automobile is more likely to be classified as a small class truck; it can just as easily be classified as a passenger car. To drive a Gazelle, a category B license is sufficient, but the vehicle sometimes carries cargo that no passenger car can carry. With the advent of the GAZ 3302, a new type of transport arose in Russia, which should most accurately be called commercial.

This is what the classic GAZ 3302 truck looks like

Preparing cargo for travel

It is worth considering this particular nuance separately, since often the cause of accidents is the cargo on the car. Even drivers for whom transporting goods is a full-time job sometimes get into problems due to inattention to the selection and stowage of goods.

Cars are strikingly different from each other in design, and this difference affects not only their appearance and technical capabilities, but also the amount and weight of loads that the car can take on and carry. “Overloading” a car is dangerous, including for the life of the car owner, so before loading the car “to the roof”, carefully read the instructions for it. It should indicate the weight and size of the loads that the vehicle can carry; many cars are not designed to carry items on the roof.

Modifications

Next, we will consider the characteristics of three popular modifications among Gazelle onboard vehicles, the carrying capacity of which is almost the same.

Version 3302:

• number of wheels (total/drive) – 4/2;
• turning radius – 5500 mm;
• wheel type - R16175 (185/175);
• machine length - 5.48 m;
• distance between axles – 2.9 m;
• front/rear track – 1.7/1.56 m;
• ground clearance – 17 cm;
• overhangs – 1.03/1.55/1.21 m;
• cargo area – inside/on the awning – 3.05/1.65 m;
• loading height – 0.96 m.

Technical characteristics of various Gazelles

Find out more about Gazelle car bodies by reading publications and guides on our website. Study tables and diagrams, look at photos and materials. All this will help to obtain detailed information.

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Basic requirements for cargo transportation

In order for cargo transportation to go “without a hitch,” the driver must:

• Prepare documents, including special permits for the transportation of large cargo. The fine for lack of documents is high: from 2,500 to 50 thousand rubles, or even more, depending on the size of the vehicle, cargo and other nuances. Documents must comply with the rules; a mistake in filling out can be costly.
• Prepare transport for transportation. It must be in full working order: a breakdown in the middle of the road will, at best, extend the delivery time of the goods, and at worst, provoke an accident. It is important to secure the load firmly so that it does not slide or try to fall out of the vehicle. A load falling onto the roadway creates a dangerous situation on the road and certainly damages the presentation of the items. The customer will not be happy in any case.
• Choosing a suitable route for transporting heavy loads is another responsibility of the driver, especially if he is a private owner. Communications located on the road, its condition and many other factors can impede movement.
• The cargo must also be in good condition. If the goods are not prepared for transportation, then they were not transferred. In this case, the driver has every right to refuse to transport such goods and demand payment of downtime costs, as well as the full cost of the entire transportation.
• If oversized items are being transported, signs should be placed on them and on the vehicle, warning innocent motorists passing by of the potential danger. Oversized loads are loads that extend far beyond the vehicle onto the roadway and interfere with traffic.

The cargo transportation route must be laid out by the carrier himself.

Varieties of "Gazelles"

Gazelle class vehicles are designed for transporting goods over long and medium distances (up to 500-700 km). The average speed on the highway is 100 km/h.

Option of gazelle 3302 for transporting people

The GAZ 3302 flatbed is considered the basic model of a commercial vehicle. Flatbed vehicles were equipped with roll bars and an awning from the factory.

Serial production of the car began in 1994, but since that time many different modifications have been made, including minibuses assembled at GAZ.

The following modifications can be noted in the Gazelle family:

• GAZ 2705 – three-seater metal van;
• GAZ-33023 – on-board vehicle with an extended seven-seat “Farmer” cabin;
  Read also:  Load capacity of the onboard Gazelle: technical characteristics
• GAZ-2752 - all-metal van with a shortened Sobol base;
• GAZ-2217 - “Barguzin”, a minibus based on the “Sobol”;
• GAZ-3221 is a minibus with a standard base based on an all-metal body 2705.

There were a lot of modifications of the Gazelle, and therefore it is quite difficult to talk about dimensions - the data is completely different. Bodies with an extended wheelbase were also produced; since 2010, a series of modified Gazelle-Business cars was launched. And since 2013, the Gorky Automobile Plant began producing a new generation of commercial vehicles - the Gazelle Next.

Main models

Let's look at the main modifications of the family and find out what their carrying capacity is:

• Gazelle 3302 with a 1.5 series cabin has been produced since 1994. The car was restyled twice, the last time in 2010. Note that the loading height of the Gazelle of this model is 1000 mm (this height is due to the use of NP wheels, which radically affects the efficient loading/unloading work). As you know, this type of Gazelle belongs to the H1 series, which indicates a maximum permitted weight of 3500 kg. Gazelle Economy, Gas-33002 and Gas-33027 are new generations, higher quality versions of 3302;
• Gazelle farmer or 33023. This is a vehicle capable of carrying 5 riders and up to 1 ton of cargo. The car has been mass produced since 1995. Since then, it has been periodically used by businessmen and industrialists to transport various cargoes. The car performs successfully in the conditions of a large metropolis and rural roads. The volume of the “farmer” body is 4.5 cubic meters. meters. As for the body design, the front 1-seater seat is sliding, which easily provides access to the rear of the car. Elongated versions of this “low-tonnage vehicle” and an all-wheel drive modification capable of driving on difficult roads are also known;
• Gas-2705 is available in van, CM and frame versions. Produced since 1995. The truck is capable of carrying up to 1350 kg of luggage and two riders. The Combi version is also known, capable of transporting 6 riders and 1000 kg of cargo;
• Gaz-3221 is a 13-seater minibus, produced on the basis of the 2705 van. This Gazelle model began to be released in 1996. In 2003, the model experienced something like a restyling - various systems were modernized, and since 2005, cars have been equipped with ABS;
• Gaz-32213 is a minibus for thirteen passengers. It has been in production since 1996, standing out from the base not only with its overall interior layout, but also with its high, soft seats. In 2003-2005 the car began to be modernized;
• Gas-322132 is an urban public transport type. A sliding door, a basic interior layout, additional amplifiers in the cabin - these are the typical characteristics of this Gazelle model;
• Since 1996, Gazelle ambulances began to appear.

What category of rights is needed to drive a truck?

To work on a truck and engage in large cargo transportation, the driver must have a license with category “C”. When he has 1 year of experience driving this vehicle, he will be able to receive category “E”.

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"Gazelle" with a van

A commercial vehicle has to carry a variety of loads. But a simple body with an awning is not designed for transporting perishable products, and it is not very convenient to transport furniture in it. Therefore, many manufacturing enterprises have taken up the task of improving the small-sized truck. Various vans are installed on the GAZ 3303 or GAZ 33023 “Farmer” base chassis.

Van sizes vary and may vary in height and length. As a rule, only the width is standard.

The purpose and types of vans also differ, they can be:

• Isothermal (assembled from sandwich panels);
• Bread;
• KUNG for auto repair shop;
• Manufactured goods (furniture).

A manufactured goods van transports goods that do not require special temperature conditions.

Example of a manufactured goods Gazelle with a van

• Furniture;
• Household appliances;
• Household chemicals;
• Household goods.

Vans made of sandwich panels (isothermal) have a low thermal conductivity coefficient because its walls are lined with high-quality polystyrene foam. This material holds the temperature regime created in a closed volume well.

All vans can be assembled on the following chassis models:

Modification option gas 3302

• GAZ 3302 – base chassis;
• GAZ 33027 – chassis with a 4x4 wheel arrangement (all-wheel drive);
• GAZ 330202 – chassis with an extended frame.

Accordingly, vans can be of three types in length: 3, 4 and 5 meters. The length is approximate and may differ slightly from the figures given. The height of the van itself can be from 1.5 to 2.5 meters. But the width of all vans is usually approximately the same, it ranges from 1.9 to 2.3 m.