KamAZ Selkhoznik (Kolkhoznik) model 55102 is an indispensable vehicle for the period of sowing, harvesting and performing many tasks that farmers have to face. The car has established itself as a reliable, durable car with good cross-country ability. Compared to foreign analogues, it wins in cost, simplicity of design and ease of maintenance. The all-terrain vehicle is adapted for towing a two-axle trailer over rough terrain. Equipment from early years of production complies with Euro-2 environmental standards.
General design
The dump truck has various modifications designed for operating conditions and the specifics of the tasks performed. The basis of the vehicle is a reinforced steel frame.
The following components and mechanisms are attached to it:
- Sheet metal body. Using hydraulics, it can tilt to the right or left. Used for transporting grain, fish (crucian carp, pike) from stocks, piece and bulk cargo.
- Chassis. They consist of durable axle shafts, shock absorber systems, wide and high wheels. Drum type brake system. Two-axle rear bogies support load weights of up to 5000 kg. Models with a manipulator are used for transporting cabins and small equipment. Transmission is mechanical, 5-speed.
- Cabin. The grain truck is equipped with a standard cab with a minimum number of options. Air conditioning and stereo systems are available upon request.
- Power point. The plant produces models with the YaMZ 238 engine or the more modern KamAZ-740.11 engine, which meets the Euro-4 environmental class.
The electrical system is powered by a generator that supplies energy to the drives and lighting fixtures.
Design of the KamAZ-5320 car [edit | edit code]
The general layout of the KamAZ-5320 is typical for trucks of that time. The three-seater cabin of the car is located above the engine and, using a torsion mechanism, tilts forward, opening access to the engine. The engine, clutch and gearbox form a single power unit mounted on front, rear and support mounts.
Power units and transmission [edit | edit code]
The KamAZ-5320 was equipped with four-stroke V-shaped eight-cylinder diesel engines KamAZ-740 10.85 liters with a power of 210 hp. s., at a maximum speed of 2600 per minute. A fire on April 14, 1993 destroyed the KamAZ Engine Plant, and production of KamAZ-740 engines was temporarily stopped. In this regard, until the plant was restored in December 1993, diesel engines of the Yaroslavl Motor Plant YaMZ-238 with a power of 240 hp were installed on KamAZ family vehicles. KamAZ-740 diesel engines used design solutions that were new to the domestic automotive industry at that time or had not yet found widespread use, for example, a nitrided crankshaft or a full-flow oil filtration system with a centrifuge. Automatic monitoring of the correct operation of the cooling system is carried out by a fluid coupling in the fan drive and two thermostats. The cooling system is closed and designed for constant use of Tosol coolant. An air purification system has been introduced with a dry type filter and automatic dust extraction from the filter using an ejector operating using the energy of exhaust gases. Other innovations include colloidal-graphite coating of the piston skirts, removable metal-ceramic valve guides, molybdenum coating of the lower piston ring, and an active-reactive exhaust silencer. The KamAZ-5320 power units use double-disc clutches. The hydraulic drive of the clutch control mechanism has a pneumatic amplifier, making it easier to use the pedal. A special feature of the KamAZ tractor transmission is a divider (multiplier) - an additional two-stage gearbox installed after the clutch in front of the main gearbox. One gear of the divider is made direct, and the second is overdrive. The gearbox itself is a five-speed one, synchronized in second, third, fourth and fifth gears. The box control is remote, with a mechanical drive. In the divider, the gears are switched by a pneumatic drive. The cardan transmission is an open type and consists of two tubular shafts. Cardan joints on needle bearings with a constant supply of lubricant. The main gear of the drive axles is made double: a pair of bevel gears with spiral teeth and a pair of cylindrical helical gears. The middle axle has a lockable symmetrical center differential.
Specifications
The vehicle has operating parameters that are not much inferior to foreign analogues of recent years of production.
Truck specifications:
- maximum load capacity - 7000 kg;
- highway speed - 80 km/h;
- fuel tank capacity - 500 l;
- fuel consumption per 100 km - 33 l;
- minimum turning radius - 850 cm;
- climbability - 55%;
- time to lift a loaded body - 18 seconds;
- empty body lowering time - 18 seconds;
- body lift angle - 50°;
- wheel formula - 4x6 and 6x6;
- operating temperature range: ± 45ºС.
Depending on the type of model, capabilities may vary. The performance of the machine is also affected by the degree of wear of mechanisms and equipment.
Dimensions
The dimensions of the KamAZ Selkhoznik allow it to easily make long runs along national highways, secondary roads and country roads.
The dimensions of the vehicle are:
- length - 8300 mm;
- width - 2500 mm;
- height - 3300 mm;
- ground clearance - 370 mm;
- wheel size - 10.00 R20 (280 R508);
- height with the platform raised up to the maximum - 4000 mm;
- increase in width when tilting the platform to the side - 1250 mm.
The platform is welded from metal sheets and has a regular rectangular shape. The side boards fold down and are secured in this position with chains. The platform is equipped with a hydraulic tipping mechanism with electro-pneumatic remote control.
Body dimensions:
- length - 6000 mm;
- width - 2200 mm;
- standard side height - 600 mm with the possibility of increasing to 1200 mm;
- body volume - 15.4 m³;
- cargo platform area - 12.2 m².
When fully loaded and equipped, the truck weighs 15,400 kg.
The maximum towed trailer weight is 11,500 kg.
Thanks to these capabilities, one KamAZ-55102 can replace several middle-class trucks. This reduces rental and fuel costs. For transportation of light bulk materials, hay and straw, it is possible to assemble a frame and install an awning.
In the gaming and souvenir industry [edit | edit code ]
The Kazan association "Elekon" (formerly "Arek") and the Chinese association produce large-scale models of the KamAZ-5320 on a scale of 1:43. Models are made of metal and white plastic.
KamAZ-5320 is one of the first representatives in the line of trucks from the Kama plant. A massive onboard tractor is used to work with towed components GKB-8385. Its purpose is to carry out transportation processes in the construction industry and in almost all areas of industrial and economic activity.
The production of KamAZ-5320 started in 1968. For a long time, the Kama Automobile Plant did not dare to restyling the model. Minor cosmetic changes to the truck occurred only in 2000.
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When considering the technical parameters of the vehicle, it becomes clear that the KamAZ-5320 is excellent for long- and short-distance transportation of goods. The tractor feels equally confident on city roads and on intercity highways. The car is adapted to Russian conditions and starts easily even in severe frosts.
KamAZ farmer with trailer
KamAZ agricultural truck based on chassis 55102 is a universal medium-tonnage dump truck. The amount of cargo transported can be increased by using trailers weighing no more than 11 tons.
Wide tires reduce pressure on the soil, which makes it possible to fill the KamAZ directly from the combine directly to the field.
The body is unloaded using an electro-pneumatic system on three sides: side and rear. Unload the trailer on the sides.
Possessing excellent technical characteristics that allow it to work even in extreme continental climates, the KamAZ agricultural truck is in great demand for transportation within regions, and the ability to add a trailer makes this truck even more convenient.
With relatively low fuel consumption, a truck with a trailer can transport up to 20 tons of cargo. The fuel consumption of KamAZ with a trailer is 35 liters per 100 km, without it - 24 liters per 100 km (at a speed of 60 km/h).
KamAZ is sold both with and without a trailer. Buy a used KamAZ 2007 with a trailer it costs 1.3 million rubles. Purchasing a trailer separately from the truck may be slightly more expensive.
Engine
Most vehicles are equipped with KamAZ-740.11 engines of our own production. The power plant is distinguished by its simplicity, reliability, safety margin and long service life. It is located inside the cabin under the hood. This engineering solution allows the driver to access the engine without leaving the cabin.
Motor characteristics:
- type - diesel;
- number of cylinders - 8;
- cylinder arrangement - V-shaped;
- working volume - 10.75 l;
- power - 220 hp (154 kW);
- cooling - liquid (water or antifreeze);
- compression ratio - 15.6;
- torque - 837 Nm;
- number of revolutions per minute - 2600;
- environmental class - Euro-3.
The engine has coarse and fine filters. Paper elements effectively perform their task. Due to the cost, timely replacement does not lead to unnecessary costs.
When operating in winter conditions, an optional electric torch is installed on the truck. Its task is to heat the air to start the engine at extremely low temperatures.
Story
KAMAZ is a Russian company specializing in the production of trucks, successfully operating since 1976. For some time, buses, tractors and even small power plants were produced under this name. The manufacturing plant is located in Naberezhnye Chelny.
The idea of creating the company originated in the 1960s, when the Soviet economy was experiencing a crisis and needed an urgent increase in its fleet. What was needed were machines that could easily lift from eight to twenty tons and had economical diesel engines.
In August 1969, a decree was issued that determined the construction of an automobile complex in Naberezhnye Chelny. The plant had to make up for the shortage of heavy-duty dump trucks. Why did you choose this city? It's all about a good location: the center of the country, which has access to two navigable rivers and one railway. Thanks to this, the plant was easy to equip with raw materials and necessary resources.
Adjusting the Kamaz clutch video
The torque of the crankshaft mechanism is converted by the truck axle gearbox. The key indicator of this element is the ratio of the number of teeth of the drive gears and the teeth of the driven gear connection. They determine the traction characteristics of the car.
KamAZ-5320 is equipped with a transmission, which is a multi-stage system consisting of:
- 2-stage divider;
- 5-speed gearbox.
This mechanism allows, in addition to conventional speed controllers, to obtain additional forward and reverse gears. Some of the main stages also have a synchronizer.
The truck is equipped with a 2-disc clutch, which is still popular. This element operates on the friction principle and is activated by a hydraulic pneumatic booster. It is controlled via peripheral springs. The cardan drive includes two shafts that drive the middle and rear axles.
The KamAZ-5320 frame is produced by riveting and stamping. It consists of two spars with a channel-type cross-section, connected by transverse strips. In front of the frame there is a kind of buffer and side members, in front of which there are special hooks designed for towing. Elastic elements made of rubber materials provide 2-sided shock absorption of the frame.
It is recommended to carry out technical maintenance of the KamAZ-5320 after 100 km, maintenance - after 8000 km. Car maintenance involves diagnosing mechanical and electrical systems, fastening work and lubrication of mechanical connections.
Brake system diagram
The tractor cabin is designed for three people. In addition to the driver's seat, there are two auxiliary seats. However, there is no sleeping place in the car. In comparison with analogues, the KamAZ-5320 cabin is distinguished by the highest level of thermal insulation. Safe operation is ensured by special restraint belts. The driver's seat can be adjusted for weight and is equipped with a customizable backrest and cushion.
KamAZ-5320 cabin
The cabin contains all the necessary instrumentation and indicators that allow the driver to obtain information about the condition of the vehicle. The dashboard also features a warning system with good visibility of dials and switches.
The KamAZ-5320 body includes a metal platform with rear and side sides with an opening function. This ensures convenient unloading and loading of transported cargo from any side. The platform floor is made of wood. Additionally, installation of an awning is provided.
Due to the availability of a wide range of parts for this car on the market, replacing individual elements in the event of their breakdown will not be particularly difficult. Compared to foreign models, repairing a KamAZ-5320 will cost much less.
Body dimensions
An important characteristic of a cargo vehicle is its carrying capacity. It depends on the number of vehicle axles experiencing load. But if the cargo has a small density, the volume of the body comes to the fore, i.e. its dimensions are height, length and width. These figures vary depending on the model and type of add-on.
Car with side
To transport cargo for construction purposes, and other products that do not require special transportation conditions, vehicles with sides are used. The width of the KamAZ flatbed body is usually 2,470 mm. Although there are exceptions.
Depending on the modification, the size of the KamAZ onboard body has the following values:
| Model | 4308-69 (G5) with metal flaps | 43118-50 with metal flaps | 43253-69 (G5) without bed | 5350-66 (D5) with one berth | 65117-48 (A5) with metal folding sides |
| Length (mm) | 5162 or 6112 | 6112 | 5162 | 4892 | 7800 or 6112 |
| Width (mm) | 2470 | 2470 | 2470 | 2470 | 2470 |
| Height (mm) | 730 | 730 | 730 | 730 | 730 |
Dump truck Farmer
For work in agriculture, special flatbed bodies are installed on trucks. They differ in the method of unloading - on one, two or three sides, as well as higher sides. This is done for the convenience of transporting grain. This is why they got their name - agricultural workers.
Overall dimensions of the body of agricultural workers of the most popular KamAZ models:
| Model | Platform volume up to (m3) | Platform size (LWH, cm) |
| 45143 (dump truck-tractor) | 15,2 | 526x232x125 |
| 552900 (grain carrier) | 18,6 | 520x255x150 |
| 53215 (all-terrain grain carrier) | 28 | 629x247x175 |
Interesting fact!
In mid-2022, the Kama Automobile Plant presented its new brainchild - a new generation heavy truck with a payload capacity of 60 tons. The model received its own name – Samson. This is the largest truck ever produced by KamAZ.
Truck with booth, KUNG
Commercial vehicles are often equipped with various vans - manufactured goods, isothermal, reef. And there is a special type - passenger and cargo-passenger. And we’re not just talking about the rotational bus here.
KUNG, and this is what passenger and cargo-passenger vans are usually called, although the decoding of KUNG is slightly different. Shift trucks are intended for transporting people and cargo in remote or hard-to-reach places, for example, to drilling or geological exploration camps.
The most popular in the KamAZ model range are shift vehicles on the all-wheel drive chassis 43118. The height and width of the passenger compartment of the vehicle are standard 2.2 m and 2.46 m, respectively. But the length difference is from 5500 to almost 7 meters.
In addition, a van with a booth can be mounted on a truck in various designs:
- Passenger version. Seats for passengers occupy the entire interior space of the van;
- Cargo-passenger. Part of the body is equipped with seating, and part is reserved for placing cargo or equipment;
- Special. In addition to the van booth, special equipment is mounted on the chassis, for example, a loader crane and an onboard platform.
Returning to the question of what KUNG is, it is worth noting that, first of all, it is an abbreviation. This means they are a universal body of zero (normal) dimensions. It turns out that a KUNG is any add-on to the chassis that does not extend beyond the width of the car itself. Consequently, the width of the KUNG on KamAZ is equal to the width of the cabin and is 2500-2550 mm, depending on the model.
Isothermal and manufactured goods vans
For the transportation of goods sensitive to the effects of precipitation, manufactured goods and insulated vans are used. The latter allow you to maintain the temperature longer, acting as a thermos. However, they should not be confused with refrigeration units, which allow you to maintain a given temperature.
For the superstructure of vans on vehicles of the Kama Automobile Plant, KamAZ 65117, 53215, 4308 chassis are most often used. The dimensions of the most popular vehicles of this type are 6500x2500-2600x2300-2500 mm. The average box truck is 2.5 meters wide.
Refrigerators
For long-distance transportation of frozen, refrigerated products or temperature-sensitive goods, a system for artificially maintaining a given temperature is used. Refrigerated trucks on KAMAZ chassis make it possible to transport perishable goods on intercity routes.
The dimensions of refrigerated vans, depending on the model, have the following overall parameters:
| Chassis brand KamAZ | Dimensions (LxWxH, cm) | Volume (cub.m) |
| 4308 | 612x247x073 | 33,10 |
| 43114 | 490x250x250 | 30,60 |
| 43118 | 620x250x250 | 38,70 |
| 43253 | 530x250x250 | 33,10 |
| 65115 | 620x250x250 | 10,85 |
| 65117 | 780x250x250 | 18,40 |
Onboard ten-ton trucks
A ten-ton truck based on a KAMAZ chassis is a reliable assistant for those cases when you need to transport goods that do not require special delivery conditions. Also, the on-board vehicle is perfect for the delivery of building materials, including length gauges. Additionally, the truck can be equipped with a frame-awning structure.
The onboard KAMAZ-53215 is equipped with a platform measuring 6114x2420 mm and a side height of 725 mm. The KamAZ 65115 dump truck has a higher lifting capacity, its load capacity is 15 tons, and it has a more spacious body – 7410x2470 mm.
Flatbed trailer SZAP 8357
Trailers for Kamaz vehicles have a certain popularity, and the SZAP 8357 model is one of the most popular and versatile. Such equipment must work in tandem with a tractor; due to its structure and specifics of operation, it is called a road train.
If the equipment is of sufficient power, then you can safely transport several trailers by securely connecting them to each other. The following varieties are distinguished:
- Specialized - created for a separate category of cargo, which includes tanks, timber carriers, container ships, etc.
- Universal - suitable for most loads, so they are quite popular. The best model is SZAP 8357.
- General purpose.
The design of the SZAP 8357 model under consideration has simple elements, among which the main ones are: a welded frame, a chassis with two axles, a platform itself equipped with 2 axles, a rotating part, and a drawbar for the hitch. For good cross-country ability and reliability, the manufacturer has placed a spring suspension on each axle, and there are brake systems on each axle. If you use this trailer for industrial or agricultural purposes, then, according to statistics, you can save fuel up to 50%. Also, the simple design allows the load to be distributed evenly on each axle.
Characteristics of the SZAP-8357 trailer
Don’t forget about the technical parameters, because based on them, a suitable trailer with the most safe operation is selected. The maximum lifting capacity of the equipment was 12.5 tons, the curb weight was 3.5 tons. The sides at the back and sides are of a folding type and are made of fairly thick metal. If desired, the material can be replaced with wood. The internal area of the trailer is 15.2 sq. meters. There are a total of 8 wheels of size 260R508 on 2 axles.
It is the above characteristics that make it possible to use the trailer on most roads, even of poor quality. The trailer is easy to maintain and quite strong.
