Body volume MAZ 5551, 5516 and 5549: lift valve operation

Maz body volume and other important characteristics">

Maz dump truck

The Maz car was manufactured in 1947 after the war, when it was decided to establish a plant in Minsk for the production of powerful and efficient trucks. Many years have passed since then, but Maz is still in great demand today. For example, what does the new and economical Maz 5551 or its other modifications cost? Let's learn more about the technical characteristics of the truck, its volume and much more.

Let's say right away that the volume of the body of this dump truck is 6-8 cubic meters. In other words, that’s how much bulk cargo fits into the Maz. As for the carrying capacity and other parameters of various Maz models, this will be discussed in detail below.

Maz 5551

The year 1988 was marked by the release of the 5551st model of the Belarusian automobile industry. Among the body features of the new product, the body lift that opens/closes with the tailgate immediately stands out.

Worker 5551

You can also highlight the underbody of the car, which is heated in winter by gases exhausted from the truck’s power plant.

The Maz 5551 cabin is made in a 2-seater version, tilts forward, as on all classic Mazs.

The traditional scope of use of the Maz truck is the construction sector and agriculture, although recently there has been a transition of the vehicle to other industries. In particular, we are talking about municipal agriculture, industrial facilities, business areas, and so on.

The popularity of the truck is growing, its role and importance is increasing every time, people are interested in the spaciousness of the body and the technical capabilities of the vehicle. What caused such a rush for the truck?

First of all, of course, the possibility of use in both winter and summer. As they say, this is a truck for any weather, it can handle both fire and water.

Dimensions Maz

The ability to overcome any roads is also important. Like a thoroughbred SUV, Maz clicks all the bumps, potholes and holes like seeds.

The truck is also good in terms of maneuverability, it is not inferior to foreign analogues in handling and maneuverability, and is superior in terms of fuel consumption and sensitivity to it.

So, let's take a closer look at the Maz 5551. It is this one that is wildly popular today far beyond the borders of Belarus. The capabilities of this dump truck are simply enormous, because it can transport large loads over short and long distances. 5551 is in first place in terms of cost justification among all dump trucks, and this is not saying loudly.

Another distinctive feature that causes the envy of competitors is the ability of the Maz 5551 to turn around on narrow roads, almost like a “car”.

The exterior of the new Maz meets all modern style parameters, the design does not cause negative criticism, and the very design of the truck makes it convenient to use.

Interestingly, for the convenience of the driver, the manufacturers replaced the spring drive mechanism with a hydraulic one. This also had a positive effect on the safety of the car, on which, for the same purpose, the opening of the radiator grille was made more difficult.

Comfortable cabin

The 2-person cabin, despite the expected crampedness, is quite comfortable. The seats are separated by a convenient shelf on which you can easily store all sorts of small items.

The Maz cabin is made so well that any of its elements can be replaced if there is a defect yourself, by purchasing what you need in any store in the country.

The driver's seat is equipped with springs, but according to the comments of the owners and users of the Maz 5551, it is made extremely poorly.

The passenger seat is motionless, tightly fixed to the body. Due to the lack of shock absorption at the fastening points, the passenger can sit quite comfortably.

Now the most delicious part – the body. It is a CLM with the ability to unload backwards. But in terms of functionality, it is inferior to many modern machines equipped with special systems that provide the ability to unload on three sides.

But the Maz 5551 is equipped with an automatic heating system, invented with great ingenuity. As a result, it is convenient to operate the machine even in winter. Even in the most severe frosts, nothing under the body freezes.

The brake system of a Belarusian truck is very primitive. There is also a drawback, which is already obvious - it takes a long time to pump the system, which forces the driver to press the pedal several times.

Fuel consumption is 28-33.7 liters. This is a good figure, considered low in comparison.

Mechanism for lifting the body of a MAZ-5551 dump truck

Read more: Change the hydraulic oil after the first 500 platform lifts. Change the oil every season in the future.

FEDERAL AGENCY FOR EDUCATION

State educational institution of higher professional education "SIBERIAN STATE INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY" Department of transportation organization and transport management

Laboratory and practical work

Mechanism for lifting the body of a MAZ-5551 dump truck

"Specialized rolling stock"

for specialty students (190701)

"Organization of transportation and management of transport (road)",

for all forms of education

dump truck lifting tipping mechanism body

Novokuznetsk

2007

The most common types of specialized rolling stock for road freight transportation of bulk cargo are dump trucks and dump truck trains. They can be divided according to the following characteristics:

· according to road conditions;

· by load capacity - heavy-duty dump trucks and standard low- and high-capacity dump trucks;

· according to operational purpose: quarry, universal, highly specialized;

· according to certain types of transportation - for technological transportation, for suburban and urban transportation;

· according to the body shape - with trough-shaped, trapezoidal and rectangular bodies;

· in the direction of unloading - with unloading back, on the sides and three-sided;

· according to the design of the dump mechanism drive - with hydraulic, pneumatic, mechanical, electric, combined drives.

Operating conditions for dump trucks are usually difficult: and they are primarily characterized by the condition of the road surface or its complete absence. In this regard, dump trucks can be divided into two groups:

· dump trucks for working in off-road conditions and on special roads;

· dump trucks for operation on the roads of the general transport network.

The first group includes quarry dump trucks and road trains designed for work both in mining and hydraulic engineering, where large volumes of soil are required to be handled, as well as in quarries. These dump trucks can only be used on roads with high load-bearing capacity.

In quarries, cars work in cooperation with excavators and are a technological link in quarry development. At the same time, the ratio of the volumes of the car body and the excavator bucket is of great importance for the productive operation of rolling stock. On the one hand, the idle time of rolling stock during loading will be the least with the largest volume of the excavator bucket. On the other hand, if the volume of the excavator bucket is excessively large, close to the volume of the dump truck body, the vehicle frame, its suspension, and tires will experience significant shock loads at the time of loading, which will lead to premature wear and breakage, primarily of the vehicle frame and springs. Therefore, when organizing the work of rolling stock in quarries (in pits), the ratio of volumes, dump truck body and excavator bucket should be optimal.

The optimal ratio of these values ​​varies from 4-6 (with a cargo transportation distance of 1-2 km) to 8-12 (with an increase in distance to 7.

The second group of dump trucks, intended for work in suburban and urban transportation on public roads, includes vehicles produced by the ZIL, MAZ KAMZ, etc. factories. Dump trucks that transport a wide range of bulk cargo can be called universal. Dump trucks that carry only one type of load, such as concrete or mortar, are highly specialized. Dump trucks and dump truck trains, being transport units, differ from each other primarily, like any other specialized rolling stock, in the design of bodies (platforms), which are of three main types in shape: trapezoidal, trough-shaped, rectangular.

The shape of the body of a dump truck is determined by many factors: the physical and mechanical properties of the cargo being transported, the rigidity (strength) requirements of the body for particularly difficult operating conditions, the desire for versatility of the body for the possibility of transporting a diverse range of cargo in it, the direction of unloading (back, on the sides or on three sides).

The MAZ-5551 dump truck (Figure 1) with a total weight of 17,620 kgf and a load capacity of 10,000 kgf is presented as the one being considered in the laboratory work.

Figure 1. — MAZ-5551 car

The body tipping mechanism on modern dump trucks is most often hydraulically driven. This is explained by the fact that a hydraulically driven mechanism, with a relatively low dead weight and compact design, can develop significant forces to dump large masses of transported bulk cargo.

A general view of the MAZ 5551 dump truck body lifting mechanism is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2 — Platform lifting mechanism

1 - last retractable pipe of the hydraulic cylinder; 2 — safety cable spring; 3 - safety rope; 4 — bypass valve drive lever; 5 — adjusting bolt; 6 — bypass valve cable; 7 - bypass valve; 8 – lock nut

The platform lifting mechanism includes a power take-off box, an oil pump, a telescopic hydraulic cylinder, a bypass valve, a pneumatic control valve, an oil tank, pipelines and hoses, a tailgate locking mechanism, the operating diagram is shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3. — Scheme of operation of the platform lifting mechanism of the MAZ-5551 vehicle

1 - hydraulic cylinder; 2, 3, 7 — oil lines; 4 — oil tank; 5 — pneumatic distribution valve; 6 — connecting channel; 8 - check valve; 9 — oil pump; 10 — power take-off; 11, 12, 13 — air ducts; 14 — pneumatic cylinder for controlling the tailgate locks; 15 — bypass valve cable; 16 - bypass valve;

I - air supply to the tap; II - channel for exhausting air into the atmosphere; III - air passage hole of the spool; a — platform lift; b - lowering the platform; c — “Stop” position; d - transport position

Follow these guidelines when operating the platform lift mechanism.

1. Do not overload the dump truck and road train beyond the established norm and ensure that the load is evenly distributed across the platform, avoiding overloading the front part.

2. Regularly lubricate all joints and components according to the lubrication chart.

3. Monitor and promptly tighten the connections of oil lines, air lines and hoses, preventing oil and air leaks.

4. Monitor the oil level in the tank. When the oil level drops below the second mark on the level indicator, add oil to the upper mark. The added oil must be carefully filtered.

Read more: Change the hydraulic oil after the first 500 platform lifts. Change the oil every season in the future.

Information about the work “Mechanism for lifting the body of a MAZ-5551 dump truck”

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Technical characteristics of Maz 5551

Operational capabilities of Maz 5551

Not available:

Maz 5516

5516 with trailer

Another dump truck produced at the Belarusian plant has a 6x4 wheel arrangement and has been produced since 1994. We are talking about the famous Maz 5516 truck.

This Maz model was initially produced for several purposes, which is explained by 2 types of booths - long and short. Let's take a closer look at the area where this truck is used.

Modification 5516 is intended for the transportation of bulk cargo, in particular grain. Here are its features:

• Differs from the standard version in the ability to perform 2-sided lateral unloading;
• The volume of the platform of this modification is increased to 22 cubic meters. meters, therefore, the carrying capacity is increased. The latter is 20 tons.

Dimensions of the giant

Lift valve

One of the most important parts of the Maz is the lift or control valve, as it is also commonly called. It serves to lower the platform at the end of the ascent. This mechanism is equipped with a special device that well protects all mechanical elements from overload.

Lift valve and its characteristics

The valve circuit is not that complicated. A mandatory element is a cast iron body in which the main components of the valve and the fuse are located.

There is also a rubber seat and several obligatory cuffs that act as seals. A technological hole is provided between them.

Device

The design of this vehicle model includes:

1. Engine, rear axle, air flow cooling system, brake system, gearbox, electrical equipment, body.
2. Coupling mechanism. It consists of a pedal, a main cylindrical element, a working cylinder, a fork that disengages the coupling device, a pressure bearing, and pipelines.
3. Crank mechanism. It is necessary to convert the translational motion from the piston part into the rotational motion of the crankshaft. Such a device includes a piston with rings, a piston pin, a flywheel, a block of cylindrical elements, a gasket, and a pan.
4. Frame and towing device. The design of these mechanisms includes brackets, side members, cross member, fasteners, rear flange, spring mechanism and anti-roll bar.

Rear axle

The rear axle structure of the MAZ-5551A2-320 consists of the following elements:

• axle shaft;
• mounting bolts and nuts;
• guide type pin;
• oil deflector;
• brake drum mechanism;
• bearing;
• locking ring;
• rear axle beam flange;
• stuffing box;
• plate required for mounting the bearing;
• rear brake shield;
• satellite;
• stamped casings;
• differential box;
• mud deflector;
• driven gear;
• adjusting ring;
• gear housing;
• support cups;
• spacer sleeve.

The rear axle is necessary to transmit translational motion to the wheel mechanism. It is made of cast iron, which increases its service life. The device is equipped with an inter-wheel differential that distributes torque between the drive wheels.

Cooling system

The cooling system design includes:

• radiator;
• expansion tank;
• coolant pump;
• fan;
• thermostat;
• gears;
• fasteners;
• supply lines.

This device makes it possible to quickly warm up the power unit, and also helps protect the engine from overheating, because maintains optimal temperature conditions in it.

Using a special tube, the radiator is connected to the expansion tank. The upper part of the radiator is covered by a cover equipped with a safety element. The fuse discharges excess heated working fluid into this tank and into the inlet valve.

The pump is installed in the front of the motor housing. Activation of the pump mechanism is carried out using a timing belt.

Brake system

The brake system of working, spare, parking and auxiliary types is installed here.

The working system consists of such mechanisms as:

• main brake cylindrical element;
• vacuum type amplifier;
• rear brake pressure regulator;
• ABS unit;
• brake shoe;
• pedal;
• rod with piston part;
• pipeline;
• working brake cylinders;
• contours.

The mechanism itself is mounted on the wheel hub. This vehicle has a hydraulically operated drum brake system. It connects the rear wheels to the parking brake handle. The static part of the brakes includes a drum device, and the rotating part includes pads equipped with linings.

The vehicle is also equipped with an anti-lock braking system and an emergency brake booster.

Transmission

MAZ-5551-020 gearbox device:

• crankcase;
• input shaft;
• secondary shaft;
• block of cylindrical elements;
• intermediate shaft;
• gears;
• fasteners;
• covers and valves;
• synchronizer;
• gear shift mechanism equipped with locking and locking devices;
• lever.

The crankcase contains all the main components and parts of the transmission. It attaches to the clutch. For proper operation, half of the crankcase is filled with transmission oil fluid.

Shafts. They rotate in bearings that are located in the crankcase. Each shaft has gears. The number of teeth on gears varies depending on the type of shaft.

A synchronizer is needed for smooth gear shifting. The MAZ gear shift diagram is in the operating manual.

Electrical equipment

Electrical equipment of this MAZ model includes:

1. Rechargeable batteries, the wiring diagram for which is given in the instructions. The voltage of these elements is 24 V. The batteries are filled with electrolyte, so before starting work it is necessary to adjust their density.
2. Generator. It is equipped with a rectifier type unit and an integrated voltage level regulator in the system.
3. Starter. This device is equipped with a protective tape, instrument panel, anchor, threaded plugs, thrust ring, electric brush, springs, pin, nuts, cup, contact bolt, coupling bolt.
4. Engine pre-heater. It is necessary to start the power unit in low temperature conditions.
5. Lighting and light signaling. This includes all types of headlights installed on the vehicle.

Body

The body of the MAZ-5551 is made of solid metal. The tailgate opens and the cab tilts automatically. Thanks to special systems, unloading can be carried out in 3 directions.

The body part is equipped with underbody heating using exhaust gases. This makes it possible to use the equipment in severe frosts.

The lifting device is located at the bottom of the entire structure, under the platform. The mechanism itself is hydraulic and equipped with a pneumatic control system. A telescopic hydraulic cylinder is installed here, the links of which extend sequentially one after another. The design includes a safety device to enhance safety. It secures the platform, preventing it from lifting completely when overloaded.