In 1974, the Minsk Tractor Plant produced the wheeled universal row-crop tractor MTZ-80 "Belarus", which is still in great demand among farmers. The model MTZ-50/52, the best agricultural machinery at that time in terms of cost, reliability and performance, was taken as the basis. The car was completely modernized, received a new comfortable cabin with large glazing, upholstery and an engine of increased power.
In 1974, the Minsk Tractor Plant produced the wheeled universal row-crop tractor MTZ-80 "Belarus", which is still in great demand among farmers.
Main technical parameters
The technical characteristics of the MTZ-80 make it multifunctional and allow it to be used, in addition to the agricultural sector, in the construction and utilities industries.
| Index | Unit | Meaning |
| Drive unit | 4*2 | |
| Unit base | Millimeters | 2370 |
| Length | 4120 | |
| Cabin height | 2780 | |
| Width | 1970 | |
| Agrotechnical clearance | 645 | |
| Rear/front wheel track size | 1350–2095/1200–1795 | |
| Operating weight | Kilogram | 3160 |
| Minimum turning radius | Meters | 3,8 |
| Speed range | Kilometers per hour | 1,3–36 |
| Traction class | Tons | 1,5 |
| Load capacity | 3,2 | |
| Fuel tank volume | Liters | 130 |
Main characteristics of the hydraulic system
Its capacity is 25 liters, the maximum pressure reaches 20 MPa, and the load capacity is 3.2 tons.
Features of equipment with mounted implements
MTZ-80 is equipped with two shafts of an independent configuration. This equipment allows you to combine equipment with different types of attachments:
- disc harrows;
- potato planters and diggers;
- shredders;
- cultivators, seeders;
- dumps (for snow removal);
- sprayers;
- trailers, etc.
Due to the wide configuration options, the MTZ-80 copes well with a variety of tasks in the agricultural, public utilities and freight transport industries.
Cabin structure and control features
MTZ-80 was immediately created for operation in the climate of Central Europe, which is characterized by cold winters. The creators took care of the driver's comfort by making the cabin a closed type. It retains heat in winter and cool air in summer. There is a hatch on the roof to provide additional ventilation.
The cabin is mounted on shock absorbers, which reduces susceptibility to shaking when driving over bumps. Wide glass is installed along the perimeter, so a wide horizon opens up.
The monitoring and control equipment is located compactly in the cab so that the driver can easily reach it. Switches and gauges are installed on the instrument panel.
Fuel consumption
MTZ-80 tractors are characterized by economical fuel consumption. On average, they consume up to 9 liters of diesel fuel per hour of operation. For example, MTZ-82 is required for the same operations up to 12 liters.
Important: diesel consumption directly depends on the engine power rating.
In order to prevent excessive fuel consumption, it is necessary to timely perform technical inspections, troubleshoot problems and replace worn-out spare parts. Helps control fuel consumption and careful operation of the engine. At high speeds it consumes more fuel.
Engine
The MTZ-80 tractor is equipped with a four-stroke diesel engine, model D-240, with four cylinders of 4.75 liters and water cooling from the manufacturer of the same name - MTZ (Minsk Tractor Plant). Power of 80 horsepower (or 60 kW) is achieved at a design speed of 2200 rpm and a maximum torque of 298 Newton/meter. The type of combustion chamber is semi-separate.
Tractor MTZ-80
The weight of the diesel engine unit is 430 kg. Installation of PZHB-200B (pre-start heating device) for certain types of MTZ-80 is also provided.
Starting the engine is possible in two ways:
MTZ-80 engine structure
- Carburetor type starting engine.
- Electric starter.
If the MTZ-80 tractor is not in neutral gear, the start blocking is activated.
In order for the propulsion system to operate stably without failures, it is necessary to carry out technical inspections at time intervals of 60, 240 and 960 operating hours. Each of these maintenance intervals has its own list of work in the instructions for using the unit.
The history of the famous car
This unit was created at the Minsk Tractor Plant back in 1956. Testing this mechanism, studying its strengths and weaknesses, we decided to start producing a modernized version of it, the all-wheel drive MTZ-52. Both modifications were produced in parallel, every year in large volumes. Agricultural enterprises received wheeled tractors in a short time. Then there were a number of modifications of this unique mechanism. Photos of the MTZ-50 still hang in many agricultural enterprises; this tractor has become one of the symbols of the country’s agriculture. He is known and remembered. Although the basic unit has not been produced for a long time, some of its copies are still working. The modernized options work even more. You can always find parts for repairs for them. Prices for spare parts are inexpensive.
MTZ 50
Features of the gearbox device
Gearbox MTZ-80
MTZ-80 is equipped with a mechanical two-stage gearbox with a reduction gearbox, which gives the unit 18 forward and 4 reverse gears, combined with reduced operating speeds. There is the possibility of additionally installing a creeper for work in certain conditions.
Some cars manufactured later than 1985 were equipped with a hydraulically controlled gearbox, with the option of shifting gears under a certain load. On such models it is possible to use any speed in one of four options without activating the clutch.
There is a special function on the rear axle of the unit that locks the differential. MTZ-80 of the first modifications is equipped with a pedal mechanical differential control. Modern models are equipped with a hydraulic control mode switch on the instrument panel.
Brake system of an agricultural machine
The main braking mechanism in the design of the MTZ-80 unit is a disc brake system. Dry brakes are provided in the shaft gears on the right and left sides of the front and rear axles.
Additionally, to stop the tractor, it is equipped with a parking brake. It is designed to hold equipment in areas located at an angle. Also, for long stops on slopes and inclines, the tractor design includes an auxiliary brake mechanism.
Chassis
Front non-driving axle of the MTZ-80 tractor
The front axle of the MTZ-80 includes a semi-rigid suspension and a balancer, which has the ability to duplicate the lowering and raising of the terrain, regardless of the location of the rear axle and the vehicle body.
The wheel mechanism is mounted on a rigid rear suspension on the drive axles using terminal-based connections. This helps to change the track width in the segment from 1350 mm to 2095 mm steplessly. The front track has cascade adjustment in 1 cm increments.
For more comfortable control and operation of the tractor driver, the unit is equipped with a hydraulic power steering, which functions in a similar way to any automobile power steering.
Features of using refill containers
It is very important to use the correct type of fuel - this will ensure high-quality and reliable operation of all components and assemblies. It should be selected depending on the temperature regime, remembering that the pour point of the fuel itself should be about 10 degrees lower than the ambient temperature. To fill the tank, you can use the summer version of fuel - for temperatures of 0 degrees or more, winter - for minus 20 and 30 degrees (two varieties) and arctic - for minus 50 degrees Celsius and below. At the same time, the use of other types of fuel with a higher viscosity (diesel oil) or lower (for example, kerosene) is, although possible in extreme cases, but completely undesirable, since this significantly impairs the functioning of both the filter complex in particular and all fuel equipment generally.
Before refueling into the tractor, fuel must sit for at least 48 hours, be as clean as possible and not contain water or any mechanical impurities.
It is recommended to refuel at the end of the working day, making sure that the tanks are not left empty for a long period of time - this can lead to the formation of condensation, which over time turns into corrosion. It is especially worth ensuring that fuel production does not reach the point where the intake tube is exposed, since this will cause airing of the power system, with its subsequent repair (time-consuming and very expensive) - at least 5-20 liters of fuel should remain in the tank.
Cabin
The cabin of the MTZ-80 tractor is welded from thin sheet steel. The operator's work area is soundproofed and insulated with special covering materials. Fastening to the machine body is carried out by four rubber shock absorbers. This improves working conditions by reducing exposure to vibration.
Interior of the MTZ-80 tractor
The cabin offers good frontal and lateral visibility. Windshield wipers protect the front and rear windows from precipitation.
The presence of a heating system and air conditioning (in later modifications) allows you to work on the MTZ-80 tractor at any time of the year.
The placement of the instrument panel and control levers is almost identical to other tractor models. The seat is soft, comfortable, with torsion bar suspension or hydraulic shock absorber. It allows the tractor driver to work in comfort. The seat can be adjusted horizontally and vertically, and the position of the backrest can also be changed. Modern models are equipped with a seat on air suspension.
Modifications and purpose of special equipment
The tractor proved itself well literally in the first years of operation. However, different regions of the Soviet Union differed in climatic and soil conditions and industrial sectors, which led to the development of modifications of the popular tractor. The machines of the main versions were designated by the following indices:
- "R" . These machines are suitable for mechanized cultivation of rice crops. They are characterized by increased ground clearance - 700 mm;
- "N" . This modification of special equipment is designed for mountain farming. These cars, on the contrary, are characterized by low ground clearance;
- "TO" . This model is designed for agricultural work on soils with steep slopes. A characteristic feature of the design of tractors of this modification is increased stability due to the use of touching gearboxes, stabilization units and the option of leveling the frame.
In addition, these versions of special equipment additionally differed in design and engine starting features.
Important: today modern cars from the Minsk plant are indexed as BELARUS-80.1. Already on their design basis, approximately two dozen versions of agricultural equipment are produced with power ratings in the range of 81–95 horsepower.
Attachments
The MTZ-80 device assumes the possibility of using additional trailed or mounted equipment for special purposes. The functioning of the hitch is carried out by separate-unit hydraulics, which includes an oil pump of the NSh-32 gear type, equipped with a hydraulic distributor of three sections, driven by an engine, and a hydraulic cylinder.
Diagram of the separate-module hydraulic system of the MTZ-80 tractor
The MTZ-80 tractor can be equipped with a wide variety of attachments for various types of work. It contains approximately 200 items. Here are just a few of them:
- Row-crop plow.
- Waterers, diggers, seeders.
- Tanks.
- Cultivators and harrows.
- Cleaning brushes.
Attachments for the MTZ-80 tractor
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