Chainsaw Friendship. History of model modifications and their operation

This is equipment originally from the USSR, which will always remain in demand, despite the fact that now electronic models are increasingly replacing gasoline ones. This is a whole era! How many years have passed, but it does not lose its popularity. A distinctive feature of Druzhba chain saws is reliability, ease of operation and low cost. And all this combines perfectly in this chainsaw! It can be found in a large number of Soviet films; it was an indispensable assistant when felling trees in the taiga and preparing firewood for the winter over a long period of time.

The main disadvantage of the Druzhba chainsaw is the impressive weight of the device and because of this the operator needs to periodically stop to rest.

If you are interested in how much a Druzhba chainsaw will cost, then the answer will be from 3,000 to 4,000 thousand, depending on the condition and modification.

History of modifications of the Druzhba chainsaw

Druzhba is one of the first chainsaws that appeared in the USSR. Its prototype is the good old “Friendship-2”. The first production of the Druzhba-4 chainsaw took place in 1955 at the plant named after. Dzerzhinsky in Perm. This was a modification with the handles attached directly to the fan cover itself. Over time, it was transferred to the clamp that connects the engine and gearbox. Then from 1960 to 1980. The Druzhba-4A chainsaw was produced. It already had a magneto and carburetor installed.

In 1990, a design change was made in the form of electronic ignition, and the production of Druzhba-4A-Electron gasoline chain saws began. The latest modernization that was born and still lives is “Druzhba-4M”. She received a new type of carburetor KMP-100U. They are already produced at.

Where it all began

At the end of 1953, the final technical documentation for the Druzhba chainsaw model was approved in the name of Academician Ivchenko. The production of this instrument was entrusted to two leading enterprises of the then huge country - the Dzerzhinsky Machine-Building Plant, located in Perm and, which was located in the city of Biysk.

Mass production of saws began in 1955. Just 3 years later, the chainsaw was awarded a Gold Medal at the international exhibition of industrial and household equipment held in Brussels.

Specifications

Device

The main parts of the chainsaw are as follows:

• engine;
• sawing apparatus;
• frame with handles;
• gas tank

The engine is a single-cylinder two-stroke carburetor. Cooled by air flow created by a centrifugal fan. The engine and sawing apparatus are independent units, connected into 1 unit with flange fasteners and secured with a clamp.

When the fuel tap is opened, fuel enters the diaphragm carburetor, which ensures uninterrupted supply to the engine at any angle of inclination and strong vibration. The design of the chainsaw does not allow the engine to stop if the chain gets jammed in the barrel while cutting wood.

The handles are located high, which provides the following capabilities:

• do not bend over while working and get tired less;
• work in deep snow conditions;
• increase user safety.

The best models of chainsaws Caliber

Friendship is a technique from the USSR, and it also left its peak of popularity there. Despite the modernization and production of seemingly high-quality chainsaws “Druzhba-Altai” and “Druzhba-Electron”, they no longer find such widespread use due to very strong competition.

Chainsaw Druzhba-Altai

However, those who have remained faithful to the Druzhba chainsaw unanimously insist that it simply cannot be found better than this chainsaw. Its design is simple, parts are always available, and is easy to maintain. The 4 horsepower motor will cope with any tasks and in any weather conditions.

How to start a chainsaw without a starter

Many people on the Internet are interested in the question of how to start a chainsaw without a starter. Let’s not give hope to our readers; it’s impossible to start a chainsaw, any kind, this concerns not only Friendship 4.

The manufacturer does not provide the ability to start the internal combustion engine in any alternative way other than through the starter. If you dismantle it and instead force the spark plug to give a spark by applying an external rotational force, starting the engine at idle, such an engine will not work for a long time, the chainsaw will be left without a cooling system.

The standard starter of the Druzhba 4 chain saw has a cooling scroll, the impeller of which directs a flow of cold air to the cylinder.

User manual

Before you start working with the Druzhba chainsaw, you should read the operating instructions. This will help you understand the principle of operation and design of a gasoline saw, as well as prevent possible breakdowns and harm to the operator. Better yet, find an experienced owner and ask him to instruct him.

You must be careful when carrying out work. When felling trees or trimming branches, carefully consider where they will fall so that they do not harm the operator. When sawing a log house, start from the base and move towards the crown.

When carrying out work in winter with a Druzhba chainsaw, do not immediately put a load on the engine, but wait 2-3 minutes for it to warm up.

If during the work or before starting any damage is discovered (damage to the handles or cracks on the body, the appearance of smoke or foreign odors), you should immediately stop the work and correct them.

When working with a Druzhba chainsaw, the operator must wear protective clothing: goggles, overalls, boots.

Fuel mixture

The Druzhba chainsaw runs on a mixture of oil and fuel. A distinctive feature of this tool is its unpretentiousness to the quality of lubricant and gasoline. Any oil can be used for two-stroke saws, and gasoline should be AI-92 or AI-95. The user manual recommends diluting gasoline and oil in a ratio of 1:25.

To lubricate the chain, any chain oil is used, and often just motor oil.

Instructions for first launch

It is possible to find a new Friendship now, but it is very difficult. Increasingly, these models are simply inherited and will continue to be used for a long time. Therefore, it is already completely ready for work, just fill in the oil, tighten the chain and start working.

Disadvantages of the Druzhba chainsaw

First of all, you should pay attention to the unprepossessing appearance of the product and its rather substantial weight. And, if few people paid attention to the first factor at that time, it was quite difficult to interact with a 12-kilogram unit, which periodically had to be lifted and carried. One-time work is one thing. And quite another thing is production activity, during which the employee did not part with the saw for 8 working hours or more.

Also, many owners of the Druzhba chainsaw often complained about the noise during operation of the unit, which, on the one hand, aroused the envy of neighbors, and on the other, created uncomfortable working conditions. After all, the chainsaw not only made loud and unsightly sounds, but also smoked quite a bit, which precluded its use in enclosed spaces. Since the likelihood of carbon monoxide poisoning in this case was extremely high.

As for safety precautions, everything here is also ambiguous. After all, the Soviet chainsaw “Druzhba” did not even have a basic emergency button to stop the engine. So the design of this product was such that when the speed drops, the shaft is disconnected from the chain gear by a centrifugal clutch. There was not even an automatic brake or any kind of vibration protection.

Also, the product required constant maintenance and regular inspection before subsequent use. After all, spontaneous loosening of the threaded connections of the chainsaw was often observed, and the removable starter of the latest generation of the Druzhba chainsaw was often lost.

Technical malfunctions of the Druzhba chainsaw often boiled down to the fact that it was difficult to start it “cold” or “hot”. In the first case, the cause was an insufficient level of fuel in the tank, or a clogged pipeline, which, due to low-quality fuel, was constantly purged by the owners of this product. If the chainsaw was stored for more than a month with the tank filled, then a drop in fuel quality was observed due to the regular evaporation of volatile gasoline fractions.

In addition, the Druzhba chainsaw did not have a good cooling system, which regularly led to the combustion of the ignition coil or the need for regular adjustment of the non-contact ignition. Spark plugs, crankshaft bearings, seals and gaskets were also subject to wear.

The owners of the Druzhba chainsaw paid special attention to the cutting geometry. After all, the presence of roughness on its surface could indicate wear of the chain and its cutting elements. The latter, in turn, were sharpened by the owners themselves. However, over time, there was looseness at the landing site, which ultimately affected both the quality and speed of the work performed.

Well, in conclusion, it is worth mentioning the lack of spare parts for the Druzhba chainsaw, which were almost impossible to purchase. And, despite the excellent maintainability of this Soviet product, restoration of damaged components and assemblies of the saw could take weeks or even months.

Description of main faults

Despite the fact that Druzhba chainsaws have a high build quality, they tend to periodically fail and every owner of this tool should know the rules for correcting the most common faults.

The engine will not start:

1. Soot has formed on the spark plug or the gap has been set incorrectly, and the spark has disappeared.
2. The air filter is clogged.
3. Lack of fuel.

Power drops:

1. The air filter is clogged.
2. The carburetor is not set correctly.
3. Incorrect fuel mixture ratio.
4. A detailed description of the malfunctions is given in the operating instructions.

Operation, maintenance and repair

To ensure trouble-free operation of the saw, it must be adjusted periodically. The operating instructions supplied with the equipment describe the features of setting up the model. Incorrect configuration will lead to unbalanced operation of the nodes.

How to adjust the carburetor

Failures occur when not enough or too much fuel is supplied, as well as if the proportions when mixing fuel with air are violated.

Carburetor adjustment is carried out as follows:

1. The fuel regulating screw is first turned all the way, and then back (counterclockwise) 1.5-2 turns.
2. Start the engine, warm it up for 1-2 minutes and turn the T screw in one direction or another to ensure its stable operation at maximum speed. The chain should not move along the bar at idle speed.
3. Check and, if necessary, seal the connection between the carburetor and the cylinder.

It is easier to adjust the carburetor using a tachometer, but at home, in most cases, engine operation is adjusted by ear. When both the quantitative and qualitative fuel supply is normal, the engine does not overheat, does not choke, runs smoothly, without sharp sounds. When adjusting, turn the screws slowly, without jerking.

How to set the ignition

Stable operation of the engine is ensured by correctly adjusted ignition - the Druzhba 4 chainsaw in this case will consume a minimum amount of fuel. The saw is ignited thanks to a magneto using a spark plug and a special wire.

To monitor the quality of the spark for igniting the chainsaw, place the spark plug on the cylinder body and pull the starter. If the spark plug is in working condition, a spark will jump between the electrodes. A weak spark will not ignite the fuel; such a spark plug must be replaced.

It is better to replace the contact ignition of a chainsaw with an electronic one. This will eliminate constant problems with its regulation. It is necessary to ensure that the ignition coil mounting screws do not loosen.

Basic malfunctions and their elimination

If you know why the tool malfunctions, you can repair it yourself at home.

When the Druzhba 4 chainsaw engine starts and stalls, the reasons may be as follows:

1. There is not enough fuel in the gas tank. It is necessary to add the mixture according to the instructions supplied with the instrument.
2. The spark plug was splashed with fuel. This prevents a spark from forming. The candle must be removed, dried, and heated on a gas burner.
3. Poor contact between spark plugs and wire. This occurs due to the increased gap (more than 0.5 mm) between the tip of the spark plug and the wire. The spark plugs must be cleaned of carbon deposits with a wire brush and blown with air. They need to be changed periodically.

If engine malfunctions occur at idle, repairing the Druzhba 4 chainsaw comes down to the following:

• replacing the fuel mixture with reducing the amount of oil;
• cleaning the air filter and muffler (due to its clogging, the engine runs but does not develop speed);
• checking the fuel line and replacing the tube if necessary.

If the cutting speed has decreased and the tire is “driving”, pay attention to the sharpness of the saw teeth. A well-sharpened chain is more important than a strong engine.

It is best to take it to a specialist for sharpening or use a machine with a rotary sharpening disk. The bevel of the Friendship saw blade on the bottom edge is 45°, and on the side edge - 60°. The height of the limiting protrusions relative to the chain teeth should be the same and checked after 3-4 sharpenings of the chain.

The reasons why the Friendship saw does not start may be the following:

1. The fuel mixture does not comply with the repair and operating instructions for the model.
2. Manufacturing defects. Repairs are carried out in a warranty workshop.

When assembling, even if the parts fit tightly, you should not use force, for example, hitting them with a hammer. By replacing worn elements, you can restore the functionality of the chainsaw or extend its life.

Carburetor settings

The carburetor in the Druzhba chainsaw is responsible for the fuel supply. And you need to be able to customize it for a specific type of work. There can be many reasons for incorrect carburetor settings: heavy load, increased vibration, poor quality of the fuel mixture, etc. Signals that the carburetor has been adjusted incorrectly are:

1. Loss of power.
2. The gasoline saw does not hold idle speed.
3. Excessive fuel consumption.
4. Production of smoke or excessive soot.
5. Difficult to start or stalls during operation.

Adjusting the carburetor is very simple, the following sequence will help you figure it out:

1. There are two screws on the chainsaw that are responsible for supplying fuel at minimum and maximum speeds, and the essence of the adjustment is to change their tension under different loads.
2. Initially, you should adjust the supply of the fuel mixture at low speeds.
3. Then adjust with another screw at maximum power.
4. Adjust operation at idle speed.
5. Double-check all modes again.

About safety precautions

Before starting to work with a chainsaw, it is necessary to carry out a number of measures aimed at the safe operation of the device:

• checking the tightness of the fuel system;
• checking the cylinder fastening;
• checking the carburetor is secure;
• checking the muffler is secured;
• checking the tightness of steel fasteners from the outside;
• lubrication of the driven tire sprocket by immersing it in oil for several minutes;
• lubricating the starter cable with lithol-24;
• cleaning the air filter mesh on the carburetor.

When working, you must remember to strictly and compulsorily adhere to the following safety rules:

It is prohibited to carry out work with one hand; work clothes must be durable and include gloves, work shoes, as well as a protective helmet and a special shield; Before refueling, the gas tank cap must be opened extremely carefully, which is due to the possible presence of gasoline vapors; work must be carried out on completely cleared sites, with reliable and strong support; you need to make sure that the chainsaw does not touch foreign objects during operation.

Do not refuel with the engine running. The saw should be transported after the protective cover has been placed on the bar.

Sharpening teeth

When working with a Druzhba chainsaw, the main load falls on the chain. Therefore, it is important to monitor its condition and periodically sharpen it. The first signs that the chain is dull are:

1. Large vibration when cutting.
2. Chain oil consumption is too high.
3. Not a straight cut.
4. Requires high cutting forces.

The rules for properly sharpening teeth on a Druzhba gasoline saw are given in the operating instructions. To do this, you will need a round and straight file, and a depth gauge template. If you can’t sharpen the teeth, you can always skip the repairs and find a new chain on the market.

Possible problems

The main problem that arises during repairs is the lack of necessary information on repairs.
This is explained by the fact that many foreign manufacturers believe that the saw should be disposed of after a certain period of use. Therefore, many craftsmen have certain doubts, especially when repairing budget models. But expensive professional models also create certain difficulties:

1. The first problem is supplying expensive spare parts.
2. For maintenance and repair of some components, special equipment is useful.

Of course, it is possible to replace original spare parts with Chinese analogues, but judging by the reviews, this method is of little justification. Such components produce only half the resource.

Spark plug setting

In order to ensure normal engine operation, the spark plug must have an adjusted electronic gap and be free of lubricant, slag and carbon deposits. This is done so that the spark passes through it normally and does not disappear, and, as a result, the engine does not stall during operation.

To adjust the spark plug, you must do the following:

1. Tighten the fuel screw fully.
2. Unscrew it 3 turns.
3. Screw in the propeller and back it out two full turns.

Seal the transition coupling with any sealant or place a tin strip. Another reason for the lack of a spark may be dirt adhering to the spark plug, in which case you should simply clean it.

Carburetor adjustment and muffler cleaning

If excess fuel is removed and the breakdown is not corrected, the carburetor may not be adjusted. To fix this, follow these steps in strict order:

• turn the fuel screw until it stops;

• unscrew it three turns. No more, no less;

• screw the propeller tightly;

• unscrew it already two serious turns;

• Seal with sealant or wrap narrow sheet metal around the adapter coupling.

Everything that must be tightly and tightly connected. The quality of operation of the chainsaw depends on this. There are cases when the chainsaw motor only works at low speeds and stalls under heavy load. A similar problem may indicate that the muffler is clogged. The muffler spark arrester can become clogged for several reasons:

1. Introducing bad oil;
2. The fuel mixture has the highest oil level;
3. Introduction of oil not designed for such engines.

In any of these cases, it is necessary to remove the muffler and thoroughly clean it with various detergents. Then dry it with a hairdryer. Read here. how to choose the right chainsaw.

Straightening is done with a sharp hammer head across the ring, evenly along the entire perimeter. Make a smaller stretch at the ends of the rings.

Homemade chainsaws Friendship

Another reason for the great popularity of the Druzhba chainsaw is the wide range of possible DIY projects using this tool. In Soviet times, it was used wherever possible. Let's look at the most common models of homemade devices with impressive modifications.

Snowmobile

The popularity of the Friendship chainsaw in the development of a snowmobile is due to the simplicity of the design and disassembly of the device.

The general drawing of the snowmobile is shown in the following photo:

The main thing in the manufacture of a snowmobile is the creation of a drawing in which the transmission, engine and skis should be connected.

The rack manufacturing diagram is shown in this photo:

And here is a drawing of the tracks:

The drive shaft can be made according to the following scheme:

As a steering element, you can take the steering wheel from a regular scooter or bicycle, but there is no braking system provided here; you just need to release the throttle, because you won’t develop high speeds on it.

Finalization of Friendship 4

Many Western chainsaw manufacturers produce tuning kits for their saws to increase power, and service centers have a separate price list with a list of possible modifications. Mainly found in petrol tool service centers in the USA and Germany.

It is also possible to modernize and replace components in order to improve the characteristics of saws from the Druzhba family.

Examples of what can be done:

• Install turbocharging to increase the rate of supply of the fuel mixture;
• Install a more modern carburetor;
• Increase the compression of the fuel mixture;
• Install an electric starter;
• Bore the internal combustion engine and install an enlarged piston;
• Install the decompression valve;
• Leave one piston ring to reduce cylinder running resistance.

Equipment with a more complex design - manufacturing principle

This model is equipped with the same engine as the previous modification. However, its power is already 4 “horses”, and the torque is 5200 rpm. The motor is attached via a flange connection secured with a clamp. Thanks to this, the motor can be removed at any time.

The cylinder of this model is made of durable and lightweight aluminum alloy, and the inner walls are coated with chrome for increased wear resistance. The design of the tool includes a rotary gearbox, thanks to which the saw rotates 90 degrees for more convenient use. Among the advantages, we should highlight the presence of rubber gaskets that dampen vibration on the handles. Among other technical characteristics of chainsaws in this line, it is necessary to highlight:

• Improved saw starter;
• Fuel tank capacity – 1.5 l.;
• Chain lubrication tank capacity – 245 ml;
• Availability of an electronic ignition system;
• Tire 45 cm long;
• The proportion of gasoline and oil for refueling is 1 to 20.

Thanks to its reliable design and several modifications to the carburetor and other components, this model of the Druzhba chainsaw is regularly used today.

More experienced farmers who are perfectly familiar with the structure of a chainsaw can make more complex equipment. Such equipment includes:

• A tool sawmill is made using a metal frame. Next, the chainsaw itself is fixedly attached to it. The workpieces are directed towards the rails. Another manufacturing option is to use an adapter that is attached to the base of the tire.
• You should also use a guide that will correct the direction of movement of the installed adapter. The guide must be installed on a board fixed to a log for cutting. Such a device will help to saw a log into several parts, spending a minimum of effort;
• Moped - it is based on an old bicycle, to the frame of which a chainsaw motor is attached.
• The design of the moped also includes a gear drive. If you used a mountain bike as a basis, then to move on such a moped you will also need a gearbox;
• Do-it-yourself snowmobile from a Friendship chainsaw - every more or less experienced chainsaw owner can assemble this unit. This requires a transmission system of two gears, through which the motor power will be transmitted to the skis.
• For more stable operation of the equipment, you will need to adjust the carburetor. If for some reason the unit does not start immediately after assembly, then the reason for this should be sought in the spark plug. Most likely, it will need to be replaced with a higher quality part.

The domestic chainsaw and homemade products from it have helped dozens of craftsmen save money on the purchase of household equipment. It is the ability to use the tool when creating various equipment, its power and reliability, that have made the domestic chainsaw a truly universal working unit.

Ignition system repair

Childhood chainsaw disease Friendship 4 - difficulty starting a hot engine when stopped in operation. The reason for this is a weak and outdated ignition system. To increase the power of the spark at the plug, it is necessary to repair the ignition. Such a repair will correct the situation even if there is no standard coil.

Step-by-step algorithm for repairing the ignition of petrol tools Druzhba 4

1. The high and low voltage windings are removed from the standard ignition coil.
2. Instead of a low-voltage winding, 250 turns are wound onto our coil with special wire (for transformers). You can use PEV2 wire, with a cross section of 0.8-1 mm. We must not forget about interlayer insulation - a new layer of special wires is laid with paper. The beginning of the entire winding is connected by soldering to a standard output to the magnetic core, the other end of the winding is connected with a special mounting wire to the breaker. Then the coil is wrapped with electrical tape or covered with another insulator. The section of the capacitor circuit fed to the coil and the breaker does not undergo changes.
3. Using two wires through a piece of insulating tube, the ends of the connections are made. To prevent short circuits, all the resulting wiring can be placed in one insulating tube.
4. An ignition coil of type B-115 with a removed side resistor is ideal as a transformer. This type of coil is used in ignition of old Soviet Muscovites. It is not recommended to use motorcycle ignitions; they are not powerful enough to provide the required spark. The reel can be fixed to the chainsaw frame using a mounting clamp in any suitable place.
5. The wires from the internal combustion engine are switched according to the following scheme: the first wire, which connects the breaker, capacitor and coil output together, is connected to terminal B-115 with the designation “VK”, the second wire, which comes from ground, connected to the magneto mounting screw, is connected with output B-115 without identification marks. To make the diagram easier to read, it is better to use different colored wires.
6. Finally, the ignition coil is connected to the engine spark plug igniter using a high-voltage wire.

Interesting Facts

• In Romania, the name “Friendship” has become a household name: in the colloquial language, the word “drujbă” is used to refer to a chainsaw in general, regardless of the model (although this meaning of the word is not recorded in academic dictionaries).
• An absolutely similar situation can be observed in Georgia, where over the years the name “Friendship” (დრუჟბა)
  has become a common noun and in informal speech it is used to refer to any model of chainsaw (this is especially noticeable in rural areas).
  However, just like in Romania, in Georgia this word is not displayed in academic dictionaries. K: Wikipedia: Articles without sources (type: not specified) [ source not specified 2186 days
  ]
• The name was transferred to a two-handed saw, which, when used, requires the coordinated actions of two people, for which it is sometimes jokingly called “Friendship-2.” K: Wikipedia: Articles without sources (type: not specified) [ source not specified 2186 days
  ]
• The “Friendship” saw is mentioned in Vladimir Vysotsky’s song “There was an escape for a snatch”[ significance of the fact?
  ].
• One of the first samples was made in a sharashka near the Lapshanga station by Kyiv aircraft manufacturers.
• The life-affirming name of such a traumatic object has become the reason for the appearance of jokes and anecdotes.[ significance of the fact?
  ]