Modifications and features
The basis for the T-180 tractor was the T-140 model, produced by the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. The engines were also initially used from Chelyabinsk: 6KDM-50, six-cylinder naturally aspirated diesel engines, created on the basis of four-cylinder KDM-46, with a power of 140 hp.
Since 1966, production of a modification of the T-180G tractor began, which differed from the base model tractor in the presence of a hydraulic system for controlling a bulldozer blade and other mounted and trailed equipment. In the 70s, it was replaced by an improved modification T-180G2, which was mass produced until 1987, when the USSR Ministry of Automotive Industry decided to stop the production of tracked tractors and special vehicles at the Bryansk Automobile Plant.
However, the demand for these products remained serious. Therefore, T-180G2 industrial tractors continued to be assembled in Bryansk, under “direct contracts” drawn up with consumers, until 1992 inclusive. And the production of components and spare parts for T-180G2 bulldozers continued until the mid-90s.
Serial modifications:
- T-180G is a bulldozer with a hydraulic mechanism for positional and power adjustments. The appearance of this version differs from the basic version by the slope of the front part of the hood (lining of the engine compartment). Covers were located on the side for installing hydraulic cylinders. The weight of this model of the T-180 tractor was 830 kilograms more.
- T-180S is a special modification for northern regions, with additional insulation. The tractor is equipped with a special casing for the hood area/engine compartment; a heater that was powered by the engine cooling system, improved thermal insulation and double glazing.
- T-180KS is a special quarry version for the northern regions - with a reinforced frame of increased thickness. The ground clearance of this tractor has been increased by 50 mm. This modification was also characterized by additional insulation.
- D-804PG is a front loader based on the T-180 tractor.
- D-804M is a pipe layer based on the T-180 tractor.
The T-180 industrial tractor can be described as one of the most successful bulldozers of the Soviet industry. The strengths of this model are the simplicity and reliability of the design, the accessibility of all its main elements, the unpretentiousness and maintainability of the equipment. Naturally, by modern standards, the level of comfort in the operator’s cabin of any of the T-180 modifications was far from ideal, but it made it possible to effectively perform all its functions.
Engine
The T-180 is equipped with a 6-cylinder, diesel, 4-stroke D-180 unit, characterized by pre-chamber mixture formation, a closed liquid cooling system, a vertical arrangement of cylinders and an undivided combustion chamber. The engine in the tractor is started from the P-23 starting motor. At sub-zero temperatures, a 2-stage decompressor is used to facilitate the initial start-up (decompression occurs in 6 or 3 cylinders). Engine power is 175 (132) hp. (kW).
The unit starting controls are located in the operator's cab. They include a starting engine stop button, an electric starter pedal, a decompressor lever and bendix and clutch levers.
About the manufacturer of the T-180 bulldozer
The Bryansk Automobile Plant is a manufacturer of wheeled chassis and off-road tractors with a carrying capacity of 14 to 40 tons, which are used mainly for military needs.
The Bryansk Automobile Plant was founded in June 1958, initially as a branch of the capital's ZIL, producing components for it: drive axles, winches, transfer cases, suspension elements and other parts for ZIL-131 trucks. Then the production of army special-purpose vehicles was established in Bryansk.
Along with the main military products, the plant designed and produced industrial tracked tractors for the needs of the national economy, as well as for the installation of pipe-laying equipment in the country's oil and gas industry. Their production was curtailed in the late 80s.
Currently, the Bryansk Automobile Plant continues to produce military off-road vehicles, the chassis of which is used to install a variety of missile systems. The most famous military products are the BAZ-64022 truck tractors, used as part of the S-400 Triumph air defense system.
Since 2015, BAZ has been part of the Almaz-Antey East Kazakhstan Concern. As for its civilian products, these are two-, three-, four- and five-axle chassis for installing cranes with a lifting capacity of 25 to 100 tons, truck tractors and pipe carriers.
Design. Suspension and chassis of the T-180 tractor
All the main elements are installed on a welded frame, which is made of box-section parts. It is also equipped with a rigid type trailer mechanism and four brackets that are designed for mounting attachments. The layout of the model provides for a front-mounted engine and a rear-mounted cabin and transmission. The welded body includes cross and front bars, as well as a beam.
The basis of the chassis is the caterpillar propulsion unit, which can be conventionally divided into a supporting element and a driving unit. The elastic torsion bar suspension of the tractor is complemented by balancing carriages. This ensures smooth running of the tractor, including at high speeds. The driving gear of the propulsion device is of a double-row type. The suspension bar may block the front carriages.
The caterpillar propulsion unit is based on a driving unit formed inside a chain with a width of 58 centimeters. Each chain includes links (41 pcs.). Six track rollers are connected in pairs by double-arm balancers. The upper part rollers are based on supports that are welded to the longitudinal beams of the tractor. The tension of the track chain is crank screw.
Bulldozer engine T-180
The T-180 tractor is equipped with a four-stroke in-line six-cylinder diesel engine D-180 (GOST designation 6CHN15/18). The design of this engine implements the principles of vertical arrangement of cylinders, pre-chamber mixture formation, an undivided combustion chamber in the piston, and a closed liquid cooling system. The launch is made from a special starting small engine of the P-23 brand.
To facilitate starting the main engine at low temperatures, a two-stage decompressor is provided (the decompression process is carried out in three or six cylinders). The power of the D-180 engine is 175 horsepower (or 132 kW) at 1100 rpm. The working volume of the D-180 diesel engine is 20.28 liters. The engine cylinder diameter is 140 mm, the piston stroke is 205 mm. Torque reserve – 25 percent.
The D-180 engine is multi-fuel. It can run on diesel fuel, kerosene or gas condensate.
The fuel tank, with a capacity of 325 liters, is located directly in the bulldozer cabin, along its rear wall, and the neck is located outside. And on the T-180G tractors there is also an oil tank on the outer rear wall of the cab.
Specifications
The T-180 is a very large tractor.
- The length of the equipment is 5420 mm, height – 2825 mm, width – 2740 mm.
- With a mass of 14950 kg, the specific pressure on the ground was relatively small - 0.05 (0.48) MPa (kgf/sq.cm).
- The wheelbase of the tractor is 3220 mm, and the turning radius is 2040 mm.
- The product of the Bryansk Automobile Plant is equipped with a 175 hp engine.
- The specific fuel consumption in the tractor is 238 (175) g/kW per hour (g/hp per hour), and the fuel tank holds up to 325 liters of fuel.
Transmission T-180
Transmissions of the T-180 tractor are mechanical or hydromechanical. The clutch is a dry, permanently closed type, with two driving and two driven discs, with a pneumatic servo mechanism. The manual gearbox is four-way, with constant mesh gears. It is equipped with 5 forward gears and two reverse gears.
The rotation mechanism is planetary type, single-stage. To control the turning mechanisms, pneumatic servomechanisms are used, and they significantly facilitate the process of controlling the tractor. The planetary mechanism produces a smooth change in speed for each of the tracks (relative to the opposite track). This helps to make turns of the tractor along curves of a wide variety of radii. The main gear is conical, with spiral teeth. The final drives are single-stage, with spur gears.
Turning the tractor while moving is done by disconnecting the track in the direction in which the turn is planned to be made from the power transmission. This action is carried out due to a single-stage planetary mechanism of stepped wheels, which is mounted behind the main bevel gear. It provides a smooth adjustment of the speed of the caterpillar, in comparison with another caterpillar, with the help of which the direction of movement changes.
DEVICE T 180
The T 180 bulldozer is based on a welded body made of a beam, 4 holders, cross and front bars. To mount attachments, a special rigid mechanism and brackets are used. The vehicle has a standard layout with a front engine and a rear cabin.
The chassis is based on an elastic torsion bar suspension with balancing carriages, which ensures a smooth ride regardless of the type of operation and speed of movement. The caterpillar mover (the main element of the chassis) is enclosed inside a chain with a pin connection to the head wheel. 6 road wheels are connected in pairs with 2-arm balancers. The upper rollers are attached to supports welded to the longitudinal beams of the chassis.
Chassis parameters:
- track width – 2040 mm;
- number of chain links – 41;
- base track width – 580 mm;
- lug height – 75 mm;
- specific pressure on the ground (hard/soft) – 0.05/0.03 MPa.
The T 180 is equipped with a mechanical 5-speed 4-way gearbox. For movement there are 5 forward speeds and 2 reverse speeds. The main gear is a bevel type, the final gears are 1-speed with spur gears. The dry clutch includes a pneumatic servo mechanism (the clutch pedal is on the right).
The bulldozer is turned around by disconnecting the track towards which it is planned to turn from the power transmission. This function is achieved by a single-stage planetary gear mechanism located behind the bevel gear. It addresses the torque to the final drives and provides smooth adjustment of the speed of the tracks relative to each other, which allows you to change the direction of movement. The maximum vehicle speed reaches 12 km/h.
The braking system includes double-acting band brakes with FG 12B operating in an oil bath. The brake pedal is located on the left; after pressing it, the control levers of the turning mechanisms take the rear position. A mechanical lock that keeps the brake pedal pressed down without keeping your foot on the pedal serves as a parking brake.
The voltage in the bulldozer's electrical network is 12 V. The electrical equipment consists of a 6MT-90MS battery, an electromagnetic regulator, a G-304 generator, a starter and FG 12B headlights, which allow working in the dark.
The T 180 cabin is designed for 3 people and equipped with 2 doors. Sound and thermal insulation are sewn into the cabin body, which partially blocks negative influences from the outside. There is a filter fan in the cabin that supplies air purified from microparticles and dust. A powerful heater allows you to work even in severe frosts. Comfortable seats are equipped with armrests, elastic backrests can be adjusted according to the angle of inclination. In the upper part of the cabin there is a lamp-shade. In terms of comfort, the bulldozer is much inferior to modern analogues.
Cabin of the T-180 tractor
The T-180 bulldozer is equipped with a large steel cabin with two doors. The interior of this equipment can accommodate three people, but it cannot be called spacious. The conditions inside the cabin, as in any old technology, are very, very spartan, comfort is the minimum possible. The T-180 tractor cabin is equipped with sound and thermal insulation, which is sewn into its metal body. It partially eliminates the influence of the sound and vibration load of a diesel engine on the operator’s workplace and retains heat well.
A powerful heater helps the operator not to freeze in the cold season. A filter fan is also mounted inside, which supplies air purified from small dust particles into the cabin. The heater keeps you from freezing. A lamp is provided for lighting in the cabin. The seats are equipped with armrests and are quite comfortable for this type of vehicle. The backrests of the seats can be adjusted to the angles of inclination.
Reviews of bulldozers T-180
According to reviews from operators, the main disadvantages of this equipment were considered to be: an unreliable engine crankshaft (there is evidence of a breakdown of this part shortly after an engine overhaul), and the vulnerability of the pneumatic system (if the condensate froze in sub-zero temperatures, the tractor became inoperable).
You can no longer find advertisements for the sale of used Bryansk bulldozers of the T-180 model: even the newest of them have already crossed the thirty-year mark and have long since served their purpose. The latest photos/videos of working T-180 bulldozers date back to the early 2000s.
One of the bulldozers of this model is part of the monument “Glory to the builders of KamAZ!”, which was installed on a high mound in Naberezhnye Chelny before the launch of the main conveyor, February 16, 1976. And it stands there to this day along with the MAZ-529 scraper (only instead of glass they now have welded steel sheets). Moreover, this is not the only T-180 placed on a pedestal in our country.
For example, in Bryansk itself, this equipment was installed on a pedestal to commemorate the 30th anniversary of the founding of the enterprise, in June 1988. This monument opposite the plant’s management now serves as practically the only reminder that the Bryansk Automobile Plant (BAZ) once mass-produced tracked industrial tractors.
Except for the reproduction from an old painting, which depicts factory building No. 4, in which they produced this equipment. The last T-180 left its gates simultaneously with the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1991.
content .. 11 12 14 ..Tractor T-180G(specifications)
description and technical specifications
| Crawler, traction class 150 kN (15 tf), designed for use with mounted, semi-mounted and trailed hydraulic machines in the construction of hydraulic, reclamation and industrial structures, highways and other objects with a large volume of earthworks. It is a modification of the T-180 tractor and differs from it in the presence of a hydraulic system for controlling mounted and trailed machines. Manufacturer: Bryansk Automobile Plant, mass production began in 1966. Technical characteristics of the T-180G tractor Tractor type | crawler, industrial with a hydraulic system for controlling mounted working equipment |
| Nominal traction force, kgf | 15000 |
| Tractor structural weight, kg | 15570 |
| Specific metal consumption, kg/hp. | 91,5 |
| Number of gears: | |
| ..forward | 5 |
| ..back | 2 |
| Speed range, km/h: | |
| ..forward | 2,86 — 11,96 |
| ..back | 3,21 — 7,49 |
| Track, mm | 2040 |
| Base, mm | 2319 |
| Ground clearance, mm | 428 |
| Specific pressure on soil, kgf/cm2 | 0,32 |
| Engine make | D-180 |
| engine's type | 6-cylinder, four-stroke with undivided combustion chamber (in piston) |
| Rated power at 1100 rpm, hp | 175 |
| Torque reserve, %, not less | 8 |
| Specific engine fuel consumption, g/e. l. With. h. | 175 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 145 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 205 |
| Cylinder displacement, l | 20,28 |
| Engine weight, kg | 2600 |
| Fuel tank capacity, l | 325 |
| Starting the engine | starting engine P-23 with electric starter |
| Tractor D-804PG (technical characteristics) description and technical characteristics |
| The D-804PG tractor is designed to work in conjunction with a universal single-bucket front loader. Manufacturer: Bryansk Automobile Plant, mass production began in 1965. Technical characteristics of the D-804PG tractor Tractor type | crawler, industrial special purpose |
| Nominal traction force, kgf | 15000 |
| Tractor structural weight, kg | 18780 |
| Specific metal consumption, kg/hp. | 110,4 |
| Number of gears: | |
| ..forward | 3 |
| ..back | 1 |
| ..additional | 1 |
| Speed range, km/h: | |
| ..forward | 2,74 — 6,68 |
| ..back | 3,08 |
| ..additional | 2,09 |
| Track, mm | 2500 |
| Base, mm | 2580 |
| Ground clearance, mm | 438 |
| Specific pressure on soil, kgf/cm2 | 0,46 |
| Engine make | D-180 |
| engine's type | 6-cylinder, four-stroke with undivided combustion chamber (in piston) |
| Rated power at 1100 rpm, hp | 175 |
| Torque reserve, %, not less | 8 |
| Specific engine fuel consumption, g/e. l. With. h. | 175 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 145 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 205 |
| Cylinder displacement, l | 20,28 |
| Engine weight, kg | 2600 |
| Fuel tank capacity, l | 325 |
| Starting the engine | starting engine P-23 with electric starter |
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