Tractor MTZ-320: review, technical characteristics and features

A little history

The equipment of the Minsk Tractor Plant has been mass-produced for more than fifty years, during which there has been steady technological progress and growth in industrial production.

But at the very beginning, MTZ began to make tracked rather than wheeled tractors. The first development of universal row-crop wheeled tractors included MTZ-2 - the legendary model of the plant’s design bureau, which predetermined the main direction of development of the enterprise. The Minsk Tractor Plant is actually becoming the locomotive of the industry. During the period before the beginning of 1984, such basic models as MTZ-50, MTZ-52, MTZ-80, MTZ-102 with a power of 50 - 100 hp were developed, which became the founders of various series with a wide variety of functionality.

In 1990, MTZ already planned to produce 120 thousand units of equipment, which was not destined to happen due to the onset of economic decline, which led to the collapse of the USSR.

There was a dire need to change the production concept, as the old methods no longer worked. And a solution was found that allowed not only to save the plant, but also to ensure the further development of production.

Steps have been taken towards the development of new small-sized tractor models with power up to 36 hp.

One of these models was the Belarus 320.4, developed in the early 2000s, mass production of which began in 2007.

Note that the Belarus 320.4M (modification of Belarus 320.4), the production of which was launched in 2013, is equipped with the Belarusian MMZ-3LD engine.

Production

Production is established at the Bobruisk Plant of Tractor Parts and Assemblies (JSC BZTDiA). The plant is part of the MTZ production holding (Minsk Tractor Plant).

At the facilities of BZTDiA, production of agricultural products has been established, including Belarus tractors of the following modifications:

• 622;
• 422;
• 321;
• 320;
• 311.

Range of spare parts for tractors, including the Belarus 920 and MTZ 3022 models:

• transfer cases;
• steering;
• clutch baskets;
• power take-offs;
• rear axles;
• front axles.

Agricultural implements and equipment:

• semi-trailers;
• trailers;
• potato diggers;
• harrows;
• plows;
• cutters;
• cultivators;
• hillers;
• sprayers;
• feed distributors.

Wheel rims for agricultural machinery.

Technical and operational characteristics

The multifunctional universal small-sized tractor "Belorus 320.4" is equipped with a two-cylinder diesel engine with electric starter ignition.

Basic technical data:

• Italian diesel engine with 36 hp. s or 26.5 kW water-cooled;
• maximum speed 25.2 km/h;
• consumption 316 g/l. With. h, which corresponds to 11.7 liters of diesel fuel when the engine is running at full load for an hour;
• fuel tank capacity is 32 l;
• battery with a capacity of 88 Ah;
• heated cabin;
• support for installing attachments using a two-speed power take-off shaft (PTO);
• presence of hydraulic outlet;
• support for the installation of trailed equipment with the possibility of three-point fastening;
• overall dimensions LxWxH are 3220x1550x2150 mm with a weight of 1720 kg and a wheelbase of 1690 mm;
• Additional options include power steering, seat adjustment, fuel indicator and battery charging.

Dimensions, weight BELARUS-320

The operating weight of the tractor without cab and ballast is 1,700 kg. Maximum weight - 2,800 kg. A load of 12 kN is allowed on the front axle, 18 kN on the rear axle.

Transmission

A mechanical 24-speed (16 forward and 8 reverse) gearbox ensures, at a rated engine speed of 3 thousand rpm, acceleration of the tractor to a speed of 25.2 km/h forward and 13.3 km /Hour ago. The box includes a reduction gearbox.

Attention! You can set and switch the speed mode of the gearbox only when the tractor is completely stopped and the engine is turned off.

The front axle is the driving axle (FVM). It is driven by a gearbox secondary shaft, consisting of a differential with a ratcheting mechanism.

Through the rear axle, which includes the main gear and a mechanically locked differential, torque is transmitted to the rear wheels of the tractor.

Service

The manufacturer's warranty for the MTZ tractor is 1 year or 1000 operating hours (whichever comes first).

Scheduled maintenance occurs at 10, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 engine hours.

During scheduled maintenance, technical fluids, filters, and belt drives are replaced.

Also, for correct operation, it is necessary to regularly inspect the units: sensors, seals, elements of hydraulic and other systems.

In winter, it is recommended to replace the fuel and coolant of equipment with winter ones.

Owners note that in MTZ-320 tractors with significant operating hours, the following units fail earlier than others: gearbox, rear axle and frame-gearbox connection.

carries out not only the sale of MTZ tractors, but also their scheduled maintenance, as well as unscheduled repairs of these and other units.

Commissioning

To eliminate possible unpleasant surprises during operation, before starting to operate the Belarus 320.4 tractor, you must perform the following steps:

1. Mandatory check of the fastening of all parts, and especially the chassis system, transmission, FDA, steering, lighting and alarm systems.
2. Antifreeze liquid (a mixture of antifreeze with distilled water) in the cooling system must be filled to the maximum level according to the corresponding mark on the tank.
3. It is necessary to ensure that the hydraulic lifting system is in full working order.
4. Be sure to check the presence of filled oil level in the hydraulic system tank.
5. If an attachment or trailed equipment is attached, you need to ensure that it is installed correctly.
6. Check that there are guards on all rotating units.

Since the gear shift lever is interlocked with the engine starting system, to start the tractor, the clutch is first depressed, the gear shift lever is moved to the extreme left position in the “Neutral” position, and only then the ignition is turned on. Before moving off, you should make sure that there are no others in the immediate dangerous vicinity. Smoothly release the clutch and move off. When driving, do not make sharp turns. When descending, use low gears and do not leave the tractor on slopes. It is necessary to move over the obstacles encountered at low speed at a right angle.

Attention! Under no circumstances should you operate the tractor in enclosed spaces where sufficient supply and exhaust ventilation is not provided.

Controls and instruments of the MTZ-320 tractor

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Rice. 1. Controls and instrumentation of the Belarus MTZ-320 minitractor 1 – handle for engaging the rear axle differential lock; 2 – gearbox gear shift lever; 3 – clutch pedal; 4 – hydraulic system pump activation handle; 5 – steering column lock lever handle; 6 – control lever for the rear power take-off shaft (PTO); 7 – steering wheel; 8 – engine stop handle; 9 – fuel supply control handle; 10 – left brake control pedal; 11 – brake pedal lock latch; 12 – right brake control pedal; 13 – lever for shifting ranges and reverse gear; 14 – gear shift lever; 15 – fuel control pedal; 16 – control levers for hydraulic system outputs; 17 – control lever for the hydraulic cylinder of the mounted system; 18 – ground switch; 19 – parking brake lever; 20 – central light switch; 21 – switch for low and high beam direction indicators, sound signal; 22 – hearing protection sign; 23 – air pressure indicator in the pneumatic drive cylinder; 24, 29 – control lamp blocks; 25 – alarm switch; 26 – tachometer; 27 – starter and instrument switch; 28 – fuel level indicator; 30 – fan switch; 31 – light switch for working headlights; 32 – front window washer switch Handle for turning on the rear axle differential lock (1) — The upper position of the handle is the lock is on, the lower position is off. Gearbox gearshift lever (2) — When moving the lever forward, low gears (L) are engaged, backwards – high gears (H), middle position – the front and rear axles are disabled. Clutch Pedal (3) - Pressing the pedal disengages the clutch. Handle for turning on the hydraulic system pump MTZ-320.4 Belarus (4) - When the handle is moved backward along the tractor, the pump is turned on, when moved forward, it is turned off. Steering column lock lever handle (5) — When moving the handle back (towards you) along the tractor, the lock releases the steering column for installation in one of 4 positions (every 5°). Rear PTO control lever (6) — When moving the lever forward along the tractor from limiter 2 (Fig. 3), set to position “B,” the dependent PTO is engaged. When the lever moves backward along the minitractor from limiter 2 set to position “A”, the synchronous PTO drive is turned on. When the lever is moved all the way to limiter 2, the drive is turned off. Rear PTO speed mode switching roller - When the roller is fully retracted into the housing, the activation speed is 1000 rpm (6.5 rpm of travel), when fully extended - 540 rpm (3.5 rpm of travel) (Fig. 3.1 ). Engine stop handle (8) - When the handle is moved back along the MTZ-320 Belarus minitractor, the engine stalls. Fuel supply control handle (9) - When moving the lever forward along the tractor, the fuel supply increases, and backward - decreases. Left brake control pedal (10) - When the pedal is pressed, the left brake is applied. Brake Pedal Lock Latch (11) - This latch locks the service brake pedals. Right brake control pedal (12) - When the pedal is pressed, the right brake is applied. Range and reverse lever (13) - The shift diagram is shown in Fig. 4.1. Gear shift lever (14) - The gear shift diagram is shown in fig. 4.2. Fuel Control Pedal (15) - Pressing the pedal increases engine speed. Control levers for the front and rear outputs of the hydraulic system (16) - Both levers have 4 positions (from top to bottom): “raise”, “neutral”, “lower”, “floating”. The “floating” position is fixed. Control lever for the hydraulic cylinder of the mounted system (17) - Has 4 positions (from top to bottom): “raise”, “neutral”, “lower”, “floating”. The “floating” position is fixed. Battery ground switch (18) - When the switch handle is placed in a vertical position, the negative terminal of the battery is disconnected from the tractor ground. Parking brake lever (19) - When the lever is moved up, the tractor is braked. Control and measuring instruments MTZ-320.4 Belarus The central light switch (20) has three positions: - I off; — II side lights and instrument lighting are turned on; — III side lights, instrument lighting, and road lights are turned on. Switch for direction indicators, low and high beam (21), sound signal. Turning the lever forward or backward turns on the right or left turn signal, respectively. When you press the tip of the switch, an audible signal is activated. When the headlights are on, setting the lever to the lower fixed position (along the axis of the steering column) turns on the “high beam”, and in the upper fixed position – the “low beam”. When the lever moves from the “low” position further upward, the “high” light turns on briefly (not a fixed position). Air pressure indicator in the pneumatic drive cylinder (23). Warning lamp blocks (24 and 29). They signal about emergency modes or the operability of individual components of the MTZ-320 Belarus tractor. 1. Emergency engine oil pressure indicator. Lights up when the oil pressure is below the permissible level, also lights up when the engine is not running when the ignition key is in position I. 2. Emergency coolant temperature indicator. Lights up when the coolant temperature is 105 °C. 3. Reserve. 4. Air filter clogged indicator. Lights up when the filter is maximally clogged and needs to be cleaned. 5. Indicator of emergency air pressure in the trailer brake pneumatic system. Lights up when the pressure in the pneumatic system is below the permissible level. 6. Parking brake indicator. 7. Tractor turn indicator. 8. Trailer turn indicator. 9. Reserve. 10. Indicator for turning on aids to facilitate engine starting MTZ-320.4 Belarus. Lights up on a cold engine when the starter switch key is set to position I. Goes off when the spark plugs are heated to the point of readiness to start the engine. When the engine is warm (when the key is set to position I), the indicator does not light up and the engine can be started without the help of glow plugs. 11. High beam indicator. 12. Battery charge indicator. Lights up when the battery is discharged, does not light up when charging. Hazard switch (25). When the button is pressed, the indicator lamp inside it lights up and flashes simultaneously with the flashing alarm light. Fig.5. Tachometer (26). 21345 1 – scale of total engine operating time. 2 – transport speed scale, range 0-30 km/h; 3 – engine speed scale, range 0 - 3500 rpm; 4 – speed scale of the rear power take-off shaft, range 0 - 1000 rpm; 5 – speed scale of the rear power take-off shaft, range 0 - 540 rpm; Starter and instrument switch (27). It has four positions: - 0 - off; — I – switching on of instruments, a block of warning lamps, glow plugs and an electromagnetic valve of the electric shutdown system; — II – starter activation (not fixed); — III – power supply to the radio (turn the key counterclockwise). Fuel level indicator (28). The scale has divisions: 0 - 1/2 - P. (P - full) Fuses Two blocks of electrical circuit fuses are mounted in the instrument panel of the MTZ-320 Belarus minitractor. To access the fuses, open covers I and II on the panel under the steering column. Rice. 6. Fuses Twelve fuses protect the following electrical circuits of the MTZ-320 Belarus tractor from overloads. Left block: 1 – direction indicators, 7.5 A 2 – power supply for instruments and control lamp units, 7.5 A 3 – low beam of the right road headlight, 7.5 A 4 – low beam of the left road headlight, 7.5 A 5 – right side lights and instrument lighting, 7.5 A 6 – left side lights, 15 A Right block: 1 – high beam road headlights, 15 A 2 – sound signal, 7.5 A 3 – power supply for the lamp, windshield wiper washer, 15 A 4 – fan power supply, 15 A 5 – hazard warning lights and work lights, 15 A 6 – brake light switch, 15 A 60 A fuses each in the battery charging circuit and the glow plug circuit are installed on the oil tank on the left side of the engine.

Complete operating and maintenance instructions for MTZ-320

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Service and adjustments MTZ-82

• Controls and instruments
• Working with agricultural machinery
• Maintenance of diesel engine D-243
• Clutch adjustments
• Steering
• Tractor brakes Belarus
• PTO power take-off shaft
• Front axle
• Front drive axle repair
• Hydraulic system and rear linkage
• Electrical equipment
• Maintenance

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Operation and service MTZ-82.1, 80.1, 80.2, 82.2

• Controls and instruments
• Gearbox and PTO control
• Rear linkage control
• Cabin elements
• Electrical components
• Clutch
• Transmission
• Gearbox and creeper control
• Reverse gearbox
• Rear axle of Belarus tractor
• Rear axle differential lock
• Rear power take-off shaft
• Tractor brakes Belarus
• Pneumatic system
• FDA with bevel wheel reducers
• FDA with planetary helical wheel reducers
• FDA drive
• Chassis system
• Hydrostatic steering
• Power steering
• Hydraulic linkage system
• Rear linkage adjustments
• Cabin Belarus
• Maintenance
• Engine Maintenance
• Transmission Maintenance
• Front drive maintenance service
• Hydraulic and steering maintenance
• Front Axle Maintenance
• Maintenance of the pneumatic system and brakes

Repair of MTZ-80

• Cylinder head repair
• Repair of piston group D-240
• Repair of fuel equipment
• Starting motor repair
• Steering repair
• Front axle repair
• Clutch and reduction gear repair
• Transmission repair
• Rear axle repair
• PTO repair
• Rear linkage hydraulic system repair
• Electrical equipment repair

Maintenance and operation of MTZ-1221

• Controls and instruments
• Transmission
• Clutch
• D-260 engine maintenance
• Rear axle
• Service brakes
• Pneumatic equipment
• PTO
• Front drive axle
• Mounted hydraulic system
• Electronic rear linkage control
• Rear linkage
• Steering

Maintenance and operation of MTZ-320

• Controls and instruments
• Diesel engine
• Clutch and gearbox
• Rear axle
• Brakes
• Rear power take-off shaft
• Front drive axle
• Steering
• Hitch and hitch
• Hydraulic system
• Electrical equipment
• Aggregation

Operation and service of tractors

• Block crankcase and crank mechanism
• Gas distribution mechanism
• Diesel engine power supply system
• Tractor engine control system
• Tractor engine cooling system
• Diesel starting system
• Tractor power transmissions
• Tractor transmission T-150, T-150K
• Drive axles of wheeled and tracked tractors
• Tractor chassis and control
• Chassis and steering of wheeled tractors

Attachments and trailed equipment

The list of mounted and trailed equipment for the Belarus 320.4 tractor includes more than 30 items, the main ones of which are given below.

Attachments for municipal services, planning and cleaning of the territory.

This is equipment for processing farm fields and personal land plots. It is also used in gardens, vegetable gardens, greenhouses, for making hay for planting and harvesting potatoes.

These are tractor semi-trailers of platform and dump type.

Cabin, controls

The base of the BELARUS-320 cabin is attached to the supporting frame of the tractor using vibration isolators. In other modifications of the tractor, it is possible to install the seat directly on the frame. Inside there is a single seat, which is adjustable according to the position and weight of the operator. There are rear view mirrors.

The BELARUS-320 tractor and modifications produced on its basis can be equipped with mounted and semi-mounted equipment, as well as trailed and stationary machines (for this purpose the machine is equipped with a towing fork). The front power take-off shaft and front linkage system are optional. It is also possible to install additional weights at the front (their total weight can be 175 kg) - this improves the traction qualities of the tractor and its stability.

Photo source: belarus-tractor.com Photo BELARUS-320 (modification)

Modifications

“Belarus” 3rd series, in addition to the one under consideration, has 6 more models:

• "BELARUS-311" is a universal wheeled tractor (33 hp), used for agricultural work, and is also used in industry, construction, transport and public utilities.
• “BELARUS-311M” is practically no different from the previous model, with the exception of engine power, which is 35.4 hp. With. You can choose, depending on the need, a 4x2 or 4x4 drive.
• “BELARUS-320.4M” - compared to “BELARUS-320.4” the engine characteristics have been slightly improved. By reducing the total cylinder volume by 0.049 liters (from 1649 to 1600), the maximum torque increased by 2 Nm (from 92 to 94), which made it possible to increase the torque reserve factor from 12 to 20%.
• "BELARUS-321" - its compact size combined with a small turning radius allows the tractor to be used when carrying out work in nurseries, greenhouses, gardens, workshops and utility rooms in production.
• "BELARUS-321M" - the difference from the previous model is in the engine. Due to a slight decrease in power (from 36 to 35.4 hp), there was an increase in maximum torque by 2 Nm (from 92 to 94). The increase in torque reserve coefficient was 3% (increase from 12 to 15%).
• "BELARUS-320.5" is a universal wheeled tractor with a luxury cabin. Mechanical differential lock of the rear axle. The Italian engine LOMBARDINI LDW1603/B3 with a power of 36 hp is installed. With. It has high productivity while requiring minimal operating costs.

Engine

The tractor model in question is equipped with an LDW 1503 NR engine manufactured by Lombardini. This is a three-cylinder diesel unit, liquid cooled. The motor has a rigid connection to the tractor frame. The hood opens forward.

As mentioned earlier, MTZ also installs engines produced by the Minsk Motor Plant on its tractors (these engines are used in modifications BELARUS-311 - BELARUS-321M).

Operating experience, advantages and disadvantages

The experience of operating the Belarus 320.4 tractor turned out to be very positive. Users cannot get enough of this model. Of course, there are comments, but not so many.

Some reviews

“ I bought Belarus 320.4 for myself, I’m very pleased, it works super. The engine is Italian and the main part of the parts and components are from Slovenia, and the body is made in Belarus, as is the chassis. Before this, there was a Chinese jinma, it broke down every 20 hours, and this even though it was brand new. I simply returned it and purchased much better equipment.”

“ It plows perfectly with a 3-furrow mounted plow; I don’t remember the size of the plowshares. Offhand, the depth is about 25 cm. I use high speed. He plows very easily and even at ease, without thinking of straining at all.”

«A competent approach is enough (preferably a minimum number of staff, ideally one responsible machine operator), and a large resource is provided.

Among the weak points we can recall: spacers on the rear axle often burst during strong shaking on a bumpy road and under heavy load; weak batteries are disgusting suppliers and nothing can be done about it; The hydraulic system often gets clogged, but this already relates to the features of the configuration and assembly.

It is immediately advisable to clean the system completely (the filters are installed at the inlet to the hydraulic tank), add an additional suitable filter just before the pump (НШ6), which quickly fails due to dirt.”

“ This unit has become an indispensable and good assistant to its older and no less famous brothers , but at the same time it is ahead of them in carrying out transport field work, in gardens, or when cleaning a chicken coop or other area, when transporting various junk. Everything is done quite skillfully and, more importantly, quickly.

I personally am completely satisfied with this machine and I am always ready to buy it in any configuration and condition. But for some reason, no one is in a hurry to part with such a tractor - I don’t see any advertisements for sale.”

Prices

The price of the new Belarus 320.4 in the basic configuration in 2022 ranges from 900 to 940 thousand rubles. These tractors are sold throughout Russia from Irkutsk to Murmansk, from Kaliningrad to Krasnodar. More than fifty official dealers throughout the country. Hence the price range. A used tractor of this model can be purchased for no more than 30% cheaper than a new one. This is due to the fact that the model is quite new and the secondary market in this direction is not so large. For attached equipment you will have to pay extra from 25 to 100 thousand rubles per unit, and trailed equipment will cost even more - from 100 to 180 thousand rubles.