Chemical map of KamAZ 5320 - 54115 vehicles

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Device

KamAZ on a Cummins engine: the power unit includes the following systems and elements:

• cylinder block;
• cylindrical block heads;
• camshaft equipped with a chain drive;
• injectors that are controlled by solenoid valves;
• turbocharging system, which is equipped with turbines of various models;
• closed-loop cooling system and Bosch fuel system.

Each modification of the motor from this manufacturer is equipped with a modern electronic control system and monitoring the operating condition of the engine.

Cooling system

The engine cooling system includes parts such as:

1. A bypass pipe that leads from the radiator to the expansion tank.
2. Connecting pipe that leads from the compressor mechanism to the tank.
3. Drainage pipes.
4. Water connecting tube.
5. Overflow pipe for thermostats.
6. Water pump element.
7. Outlet pipe elbow.
8. Fan.
9. Drain system screen.
10. Supply pipe for the right row of cylindrical elements.
11. Hydraulic clutch switch.
12. Thermostat box.
13. Vapor-air plug.

Control block

Such a block is used to control the cyclic supply of fuel fluid. The design of this device consists of:

• injector;
• high pressure fuel accumulator;
• camshaft position sensor;
• motor control harness;
• coolant temperature sensor;
• oil temperature and pressure sensor;
• camshaft position indicator;
• high pressure fuel pump;
• fuel fluid temperature and pressure indicator;
• power control system harness.

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What is the best way to Syringe an ATV?

It is better to choose a syringe not with 3 petals (Guano), but with a four-petal tip, there will be fewer problems with it. There should be a rubber seal inside the tip with a hole for the oil can (without it, grease will be forced between the tip and the oil can). Finding injection points.

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Conclusion

Typically, car enthusiasts lubricate the king pins at least once a season. In order not to spend money at a car service, you can perform this operation yourself. If you do not monitor the condition of this unit, as a result of clogging of the lubrication channels, the suspension will begin to run dry. After only 5 thousand kilometers, an unpleasant creak will appear and wear of the rubbing elements will accelerate. Choosing a lubricant from the list of recommended ones is not so difficult, because each has specific features that determine the scope of application.

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How often to inject the kingpin

The frequency depends on how often the motorist uses the car. In the summer, it is recommended to treat the kingpins at least every 3-5 thousand kilometers , if necessary - even more often, up to 1000 km. It is usually recommended to inject after traveling in rainy weather.

In winter, the procedure can be performed once or twice per season. If squeaks appear, it is better to lubricate the suspension elements once again rather than wait until it fails.

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Specifications

Technical characteristics of KamAZ engines from Cummins:

Technical parameters of the Cummins 4ISBe-185 engine:

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How to lubricate the kingpin

It is important to remember the design of the king pin. It is a hinge that ensures the exact location of the steering knuckle in relation to the axle. At the same time, the root allows the steering knuckle to rotate to a certain angle. This mechanism is used on heavily loaded vehicles, SUVs and older models of passenger cars. Failure of this suspension part leads to decreased vehicle handling.

Kamaz 4310 front axle diagram

Typically, various types of gear oils . They are obtained from residues of petroleum products mixed with additives. These options are the most affordable and are sold at any auto store. Some use more outdated modifications without improving additives, but they are difficult to find on sale.

Transmission oils are quite liquid, so they do not clog the channels, but they are also quickly washed out. Often, drivers have to re-lubricate the unit almost daily. Consistent or plastic smears are used less frequently, as they can dry out over time and clog the canals.

TAD-17

Explanation of the marking: long-lasting automotive transmission oil. Marking according to the international classification system is SAE 80W-90, it indicates the degree of viscosity. The composition contains additives that reduce the likelihood of scuffing and prevent the formation of foam.

The lubricating fluid retains its properties at temperatures up to +140 degrees. It is suitable for winter, but is not intended for severe frosts, when the thermometer drops below -25 degrees. Car service specialists note that applying TAD-17 is inconvenient due to its insufficiently thick consistency.

Nigrol

Initially, this was the name given to a now obsolete type of gear oil that did not contain additives. It was divided into two types - winter and summer. Due to the high content of resinous substances it had good lubricating characteristics. But strong viscosity led to increased energy consumption and thickening in the cold. Its use is not recommended in heavily loaded mechanisms, as it loses its qualities.

Due to the depletion of naphthenic oils, the production of this oil in the USSR was discontinued. However, it is still considered the best remedy by owners of Soviet cars who have old stocks. Now a more modern blue-green lubricant TEP-15 is produced under the name “Nigrol”. Its viscosity characteristics are lower and it contains wear-reducing additives.

TEP-15 - analogue of Nigrol

TEP-15 is in greatest demand among owners of cars with pivot suspension. Unlike greases, the liquid does not mix with dust, which tends to stick to metal elements. Some motorists mix this substance with engine oil, since the thick composition can be difficult to draw into a syringe. The argument in favor of Nigrol is that it is recommended by a number of automakers, including for Volga cars.

Calcium lubricants

They consist of liquid oil with a thickener and additives. Their characteristics are determined by the type of thickener, usually soap is added for this purpose. Mixtures with hydrocarbons and pigments are much less common.

Litol

Highly plastic lubricant based on machine oil, lithium soap as a thickener. The term “soap” itself refers to salts of metal fatty acids. This component has the following positive qualities:

• resistance to high temperatures;
• viscosity;
• rust protection;
• holds well on metal.

The most common on the domestic market is Litol-24. Different manufacturers produce their products under this name, some add additives to the composition. The lubricant is not washed off with water and has stable parameters regardless of mechanical loads. The permissible temperature range is from -40 to +120 °C.

An imported analogue is Castrol LMX Li-Komplexfett. Its temperature range is from -35 to +175 °C. At the same time, it costs more.

Castrol LMX Li-Complexfett.

However, it is worth remembering that lithols collect moisture and increase the risk of coking. In winter, it is not recommended to use them even in a mixture with other types of lubricants, as they thicken, and this does not have a very good effect on the performance of automotive parts.

CV joint-4

It is made on a lithium basis, like the materials described above. It is valued for its thick consistency, which greatly simplifies the process of processing suspension elements. Unlike the product, Litol-24 contains extreme pressure additives. This property is very important, since under the influence of loads, lubricated parts can push through the oil film. Because of this, the elements are pressed against each other, interatomic bonds arise between them, and scuff marks appear.

Liqui Moly lubricant

Most car owners purchase CV joints-4 of various brands in a jar or tube. It is better to pay attention to well-known brands - Gazprom Neft or Liqui Moly. It is advisable to choose a variety with the addition of molybdenum disulfide. But you should be prepared for the fact that this option will cost one and a half times more than conventional lithium.

Graphite lubricants

They are obtained by mixing solid oil with crushed graphite, which fills microscopic irregularities in the metal. Graphite particles are retained in microcracks and further reduce friction. This type of lithium lubricant has higher water-repellent properties than standard lithols. Graphite lubricants manufactured using the latest technologies are used at temperatures from -40 to +400 °C. Depending on the thickener used, the lubricant may be organic or inorganic based.

Graphite lubricant Divinol Mehrzweckfett Graphitiert

Among the imported products, one can highlight Divinol Mehrzweckfett Graphitiert. It has anti-corrosion and anti-friction properties, suitable for highly loaded components. Suitable for use in the temperature range from -30 to 130 °C.

Synthetic lubricants

The quality depends on what base oils were mixed during manufacture. Each brand also develops its own set of additives. Among the products in the described category, it is worth highlighting the Mobil brand. Experts often note that synthetics do not require as frequent replacement as mineral-based products.

Graphite lubricant of the Russian brand Oilright is also synthetic. It is inexpensive and can be used in the temperature range from -20 to +70 degrees. The only drawback is that in severe frosts the composition thickens, which negatively affects the performance of car parts.

Why know how much oil a KamAZ engine should have?

In older truck models, oil was responsible for lubricating the components of the power unit. In modern engines, engine oil also performs other functions:

• ensuring the cleanliness of the internal combustion engine by dissolving contaminants and neutralizing acids;
• increasing the strength and anti-corrosion properties of metal;
• protection of parts from temperature changes;
• cooling of engine components;
• efficient crankcase heating;
• cold engine start;
• protection of the engine from external adverse factors.

Therefore, maintaining the required volume of oil in the KamAZ engine is mandatory to maintain the serviceability of the power unit and all its components. In addition, the oil is subject to scheduled replacement according to the instructions of the engine manufacturer.