The KamAZ 4310 truck is a workhorse and a good racer

Scope of application

The KAMAZ-4310 truck is one of the most successful projects of the Russian automotive industry. Thanks to its excellent maneuverability, power and load-carrying capacity, the vehicle is widely used for military and civilian purposes:

• transportation of goods and personnel in the army and units of the Ministry of Emergency Situations;
• geological exploration expeditions;
• transportation of goods in agriculture, construction, and manufacturing;
• transportation of wood and timber;
• sports modification for participation in rallies.

Transportation of wood by KAMAZ-4310 vehicle

History of appearance

From a technical point of view, in the 80s it was the most advanced truck, capable of overcoming high obstacles, steep ascents and descents, and actually “swimming” rivers up to one and a half meters deep. The model entered mass production in January 1981, right before the 26th Congress of the CPSU.

KAMAZ 4310

From the name it is obvious that the car was produced in Naberezhnye Chelny by the KamAZ enterprise. However, few people know that in fact the KAMAZ 4310 has Moscow roots and was developed by designers of the ZIL production association. ZIL engineers received the task to develop a cargo SUV back in 1967, a year later the technical issues were sorted out, and 10 years were allocated for development.

One of the first KAMAZ 4310 prototypes built at the ZIL plant

During the work on the project, 12 prototypes of the future Kamaz were assembled at ZIL facilities. During the testing process, the prototypes collectively “raced” about one and a half million kilometers in a variety of road (and off-road) conditions. By the way, during the development process a huge number of unique technical solutions were found, which brought ZIL engineers more than 50 copyright certificates.

Specifications

Since the vehicle was originally planned as a military vehicle, all systems and design are designed for operation on difficult roads and in different types of climatic zones (the vehicle operates at temperatures from -45 to +50 degrees).

Dimensions KamAZ 4310

Performance indicators of KamAZ-4326

A characteristic feature of the car, reliability and reduced operating requirements. A product with a simplified design that supplies diesel fuel; electronics are excluded, which helps to start the engine in low temperatures without loss of energy. The “740” power plant develops two hundred and forty horses and complies with Euro 2 environmental standards. When wheels slip, a differential is provided between the axles. Mechanics with ten speeds, the ratio of the number of teeth of the driven gear to the number of teeth of the drive gear is 6.53. The vehicle's carrying capacity is 5.5 tons; it can tow a trailer weighing 2 tons. The all-terrain vehicle is equipped with two diesel fuel tanks of 210 liters each, and a cruising range of 800 kilometers.

Characteristics of the all-terrain vehicle-4326:

Motor KamAZ-740:

Chassis

The thoughtfulness of the design and excellent assembly ensures high wear resistance of the entire system. KAMAZ-4310 belongs to the class of all-wheel drive trucks with 3 independent axles and a 6*6 wheel arrangement. The disc wheels are equipped with wide-profile IP-184 tires with the ability to regulate air pressure.

Chassis KAMAZ 4310

The car has a spring suspension: front - with hydraulic shock absorbers, rear - balancer, with reaction bars.

The brake system is a rather complex structure and includes:

• service brake on all wheels with pneumatic drive;
• combined parking and spare unit;
• auxiliary retarder brake.

Front drive axle KAMAZ-4310

KamAZ-4310: universal army truck

Immediately after the start of car production at the Kama plant, the Ministry of Defense began to show special interest in its products. Several requirements were put forward for army trucks: ease of maintenance and operation, high reliability and maneuverability. KamAZ-4310 was initially developed to meet these requirements; the first batch of cargo all-terrain vehicles rolled off the plant’s assembly line in 1981, serial production of the base model continued until 1992, some modifications of the all-terrain vehicle were produced until 2010.

In the basic configuration, the truck was equipped with a body with folding sides, a rigid frame, an awning and was intended for transporting personnel; in addition, such bodies were equipped with wooden flooring. However, soon the truck began to be used as a log carrier, a dump truck with residential modules installed on its base, and various manipulators mounted. It should be noted that the KamAZ-4310 was used for some time as a truck tractor - it was on such vehicles that a sleeping bag was installed. It is impossible not to mention the sports version of the KamAZ-S4310, which was created specifically for rally racing; the car participated several times in the Paris-Dakar rally. For some time, a modification called “Typhoon” was produced in small-scale batches. The vehicle is distinguished by the presence of an armored module and is intended for transporting special forces personnel.

Structurally, the KamAZ-4310 is a frame truck with a front-mounted cabover all-metal cab and a 6*6 wheel arrangement. Most military vehicles were equipped with a mechanical drum-type winch, the force to which was transmitted from the power take-off.

The KamAZ-4310 cab looks standard for trucks from the Kama plant produced in the 1980s and 1990s. The cabin is equipped with three air-suspended seats (the driver's seat is adjustable for back angle, weight and distance to the steering column), a berth is available only as an option. The dashboard is made of metal; it has a laconic style and limited functionality. The cabin has good noise and thermal insulation and is equipped with an autonomous heater. It should also be noted that the designers provided for the presence of hydraulic power steering (power steering), which greatly facilitates the driver’s work. For some time, the plant produced KamAZ-4310 all-terrain vehicles in tropical configuration, operated in southern latitudes.

The last KamAZ-4310 left the production line a long time ago, so purchasing a new car is not possible. However, for those who want to purchase this truck, a good solution would be to buy a vehicle with military equipment. The cost of such a car starts at 1.4 million rubles. A model produced in 1992-1995 in the basic configuration can be purchased for 450 - 550 thousand rubles.

Power unit

The car is equipped with a 4-stroke 8-cylinder V-shaped diesel engine with liquid cooling, overhead valves, direct injection system. The basic model KamAZ-4310 was equipped with a 740.10 engine with a power of 210 hp. s., subsequent versions - with a more powerful power unit 740.10-20 (220 hp)

Engine 740.10 - diagram

Model 4310 Features

The transmission has an asymmetrical center differential and electro-pneumatic locking. The basic version is a permanent drive, four cardan shafts. The model is equipped with a 5-speed manual transmission and has an electro-pneumatic power steering mechanism. Using a spur gear, reverse and forward gears are engaged. Using synchronizers, you can include other gears.

Photo KamAZ 4310

Other systems and equipment

The special design of the hydraulic power steering makes it easy to control the vehicle off-road. A winch with a worm gear significantly expands the functionality of the vehicle - the maximum cable length is 83 m. The electrical circuit includes 2 batteries, a generator and a voltage regulator.

Winch KAMAZ-4310

KamAZ-65225

KamAZ 65225 is a heavy-duty tractor, the technical characteristics of which are famous for their reliability, and the 6x6 wheelbase makes the all-terrain vehicle passable and maneuverable. The tractor coupling device has three levels of freedom, the unit is located at a height of 1.8-1.9 meters. The load applied to the coupling device is 22,000 kilograms, the weight of the road train is 38 tons.

Thanks to its characteristics, the machine is used in conditions where there are no roads. The machine is in demand for operation as a timber carrier, pipe carrier, construction tug. The advantage is that KamAZ operates in severe frost and is equipped with ABS and heating in the cab. In addition, when working with a road train, additional lights are installed on the equipment, the tanks are protected from holes, and the engine is protected from water and moisture.

KamAZ-65225:

Characteristics of the all-terrain vehicle-65225:

Cabin

The driver's cabin of the KamAZ car is made in a simple style without additional design options. Designed for 3 seats, equipped with thermal and noise insulation systems, an independent hot-air heater. Adjustable, sprung seat. Some models designed for transporting goods over long distances are equipped with a sleeping place for the driver. All versions are equipped with a hydraulic system for tilting the cab forward for access to the engine.

Placement of controls in the KamAZ-4310 cab

Important features when operating

Difficulties may arise when changing gears - a little tight. If there is no additional three-dimensional mirror, then it is important to very carefully change into the right lane, since a “dead” viewing zone is formed - it starts under the cabin and up to the rear axle, and a passenger car can fit there. The models have excellent brakes, and there is no particular delay in response to pedal pressing. When picking up a high speed – more than 90 km/h – you get the feeling that the car is moving smoothly and is quite comfortable to drive.

Modifications

Based on the basic KAMAZ-4310 vehicle, several versions were produced:

• KamAZ 43101. Equipped with a 740.10-20 engine with a power of 220 hp. With. Increased load capacity up to 6 tons, improved performance characteristics. This version subsequently replaced the base model.
• KamAZ 43105. Equipped with a 740.10 engine with a power of 210 hp. With. Designed for civilian purposes.
• KamAZ 43106. It features modernized suspension and transmission systems.
• KamAZ 43114. A modernized version of an army vehicle.
• KamAZ 43115. Civil transport model with improved performance.
• KamAZ 43118. Transport version, characterized by an enlarged platform.
• KamAZ 4410. Tractor for towing semi-trailers with a total weight of up to 15 tons.
• Armored car "Typhoon-1". Designed for the tasks of law enforcement agencies. The excellent technical characteristics of the KAMAZ-4310 made it possible to take this particular vehicle as the basis for designing an armored personnel carrier.
• KamAZ 431010 (model S4310). Sports rally version. A number of design changes were made to the engine and other systems, thanks to which it was possible to achieve a power unit power of 290 hp. With.

The KamAZ multi-purpose vehicle has fully met the expectations of users over many years of operation. The machine is indispensable off-road, it is distinguished by high power, reliability and functionality, and is capable of trouble-free operation in any climate zone. Foreign-made analogues are much more expensive and are not always suitable for working in harsh Russian conditions.

Description of the KamAZ-4310 vehicle

KamAZ-4326

The KamAZ-4326 all-wheel drive vehicle was developed by order of the Ministry of Defense. The vehicle is equipped with two axles, a 4x4 wheel arrangement is used, and the vehicle is used to travel over rough terrain. The all-terrain vehicle transports military personnel, overcomes obstacles, and creates routes in the forest.

KamAZ-4326 has found a purpose in the peaceful sphere. On the basis of the model, several modifications are produced, equipped as: hospital, emergency service, KamAZ on-board all-terrain vehicle, etc. These and similar modifications of the base are mobile and characterized by high maneuverability. Transport has proven itself in areas without road surfaces, during river floods, abnormal weather, etc.

Special purpose vehicles

The Kama Automobile Plant produces special-purpose vehicles. A characteristic feature of the equipment is its small circulation, due to the narrow focus of the tasks performed.

KamAZ - 4326 "Master":

For example, such a product is the sports modification “4326-9” (“Master”), intended for participation in the Dakar race. The car is equipped with a power plant with a volume of 18.4 liters, a power of 625 horses, as well as a 700 horse engine with cooling and the ability to run on diesel fuel with the addition of methane. The main advantage of the car is overcoming off-road conditions at speeds of over 100 kilometers per hour.

Another representative of special equipment is the Arktika vehicle, which operates in northern conditions. The purpose of creating the machine is the development and exploration of the Arctic zone. This is a vehicle with all-wheel drive and a 6x6 wheel arrangement. The car is equipped with a V8 power plant with a turbine and a manual gearbox. The design feature is an articulated frame, which breaks when overcoming heavy areas, wetlands, or snow cover with a loose surface. The car is equipped with a passenger compartment, which is used for living in harsh climatic conditions; the cabin contains: air conditioning, toilet, shower, etc.