How to check the ignition coil of a Ural walk-behind tractor with a multimeter

Walk-behind tractor ignition device

The ignition system is one of the most important components of both a brand and home walking tractor. Its main function is to create the spark necessary to ignite and gradually burn the fuel in the chrome-plated cylinder of the engine.

The simplicity of the factory design of the unit allows for one-time repair of the ignition of the walk-behind tractor, which, most often, consists of establishing a gap between its elements. However, to do this correctly, you need to study the assembly design.

The ignition device of any agricultural unit includes a coil, which is first connected to the system's electrical network, as well as a magnet and spark plugs. When the power supply of the walk-behind tractor is started, voltage is applied, as a result of which a pronounced spark is formed between the magnetic “shoe” and the standard spark plug. This is necessary for instant ignition of the fuel that is currently in the combustion chamber of the engine. In the photo I will tell you in more detail about the design of the ignition system of the used walk-behind tractor.

The electronic ignition system of a walk-behind tractor is also often equipped with automatic switches that operate automatically in the event of any malfunction of the device. This leads to an emergency power outage.

How to install the ignition on a walk-behind tractor?

The following signs will prompt an urgent adjustment of the gap in the ignition system:

• The need for frequent unsuccessful tightening of the starter cord;
• Slow response of the walk-behind tractor engine to manipulations with the starter;
• Complete failure to start the internal combustion engine of an agricultural unit.

Each of these malfunctions indicates that the operator must install the ignition of the walk-behind tractor used at home. The correct procedure for this can be found in the operating instructions for your existing equipment. However, a cameraman is not always on hand. In this case, the gap between the built-in ignition module and the flywheel can be set in the following sequence:

1. First, the operator must close the candle at a special angle;
2. Then its body will need to be pressed against the cylinder head of the internal combustion engine;
3. The spark plug should then rotate in the opposite direction to the hole at the end of the chrome cylinder;
4. After this, you need to carefully rotate the crankshaft of the cylinder block. just pull the trigger;
5. As a result of the actions performed between the built-in electrodes, a bright blue spark should slip through. If this does not happen, you need to check the distance between the magnet and the starter unit. it should be between 0.1 and 0.15 mm. If these requirements are not met, the gap between the elements will need to be adjusted.

Many experienced users adjust the ignition of a household walk-behind tractor by ear. Both contact and non-contact magnets are suitable for this purpose. To configure the system yourself, you need:

1. Start the engine and loosen the stock distributor slightly;
2. Slowly turn the switch in each possible direction;
3. Reach the maximum speed of the factory engine and quickly correct the design;
4. Listen and find the moment when the spark appears instantly;
5. Turn the switch until you hear a clear click;
6. Attach the standard distributor mount.

In some cases, a strobe light will help to correctly adjust the existing gap.

To configure you need:

1. Preheat the power supply of the walk-behind tractor;
2. Connect the device to the power supply network of the agricultural implement;
3. Install the sound sensor on a high-voltage wire connected to one of the cylinders of a standard internal combustion engine;
4. Carefully remove the vacuum tube and connect it in any way possible;
5. Look where the light from the strobe is directed. it should “look” in the direction of a regular pulley;
6. Start the engine and let it idle;
7. Scroll the timer;
8. Once the marks on the built-in pulley line up with the marks on the cover of the device you are using, turn the factory nut completely.

Each of these methods is suitable for tuning both gasoline and diesel walk-behind tractors. The main thing is in the process of self-tuning. do not remove the coil or other elements of the ignition system. this may cause the entire assembly to fail.

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Description

The description of the Ural Patriot walk-behind tractor should begin with the fact that this machine was assembled by a defense enterprise from Bashkiria called TsMPO JSC. This is one of the best examples of the transfer of military production to civilian lines.

Ural walk-behind tractors have a low price and high quality

The walk-behind tractor gained its popularity due to its ease of operation and high maintainability. This car can be repaired on the go, and there are no problems with access to spare parts.

Main features of the Urals:

• cultivate areas up to a hectare;
• the capabilities are not limited only to soil cultivation - it is capable of removing snow and transporting loads when using the proper attachments;
• the device’s transmission is equipped with four gears;
• thanks to a maximum speed of up to 15 kilometers per hour, it is well suited for transporting goods in conditions of poor or no roads;
• has increased stability due to the width of the wheelbase;
• It is possible to adjust the track based on operating conditions, which significantly increases the efficiency of the unit.

Attention! Models of the Ural walk-behind tractor are equipped with both domestically produced and foreign engines. The choice of one option or another depends entirely on the preferences and budget of the consumer.

In this video we will review the Ural walk-behind tractor:

How to check the ignition coil on a walk-behind tractor?

Most often, testing of this important element of the ignition of a walk-behind tractor is carried out using a known working test sample. If during testing it turned out that after installing the sample everything began to work normally, then the standard ignition coil from a walk-behind tractor.

However, not everyone has a test sample on hand. If this is not the case, try checking the built-in coil in other ways. Before this, you must eliminate any damage that may appear in the start button and high-voltage wiring. In addition, the user must carefully inspect the electrical circuits that indicate the location of the ignition system elements.

Additional verification methods include:

• Measuring the resistance of the built-in ignition coil. It should be noted that it is not always used by agricultural machinery users. First, the operator must know the exact resistance parameters created by a standard coil. Secondly, in addition to the inductor, the ignition system design includes the semiconductor components necessary to generate the required electrical pulse. Problems with all these elements can only be detected when they are heated. To properly test the ignition coil, you will need to remove the cover and the standard armored wire from it. Knowing the exact resistance parameters of the built-in element, the operator will be able to understand which part of the system is faulty;
• Checking the spark created using a special device. it must be connected to the electrical break between the high voltage wires of the standard coil and the spark plug;
• Testing a coil with an integrated spark plug design. To do this, you need to unscrew the built-in spark plug and carefully attach it together with the housing to the cylinder. Then you need to pull out the starter handle and pay attention to the spark that forms between the factory contacts of the spark plug. It should be noted that this method of testing an existing coil is only an approximation. The spark plug in this case is not under load, so there is no compression in the engine cylinder. As a result, the standard engine flywheel will spin faster.

Each of these methods provides approximate information about the condition of the ignition coil. Keep in mind that the exact cause of the malfunction can be found using specialized testers, which are only available in specialized workshops.

With Chinese engine

A standard domestically produced motor is not suitable for all owners of Ural walk-behind tractors. In search of a solution to the power problem at an affordable price, they turn their attention to Chinese products. Chinese manufacturers offer products with a power of 10, 12 or more horsepower at a fairly low cost, accessible to almost every farmer.

Thanks to more powerful Chinese engines, the owner of a walk-behind tractor has increased opportunities to modify it to suit his needs. For example, they are used as quite powerful snow blowers.

Replacing the engine on a Ural walk-behind tractor with a Chinese one

Chinese engines are convenient for many owners of these units due to the ease of installation. To replace the standard domestic Ural engine with products from the Middle Kingdom, there is no need for any special modifications. It is enough to install additional crossbars.

Such crossbars, made of metal, are attached to the frame of the device using welding or bolts. The first method is considered more reliable. You will also need to install homemade pulleys in the clutch. The reason for this is the increased crankshaft speed of Chinese engines.

Magneto for walk-behind tractor - testing at home

The magnet on a walking tractor is a structurally complex element that is in constant contact with high-voltage wiring and interacts with electricity. Due to the operation of the walk-behind tractor in wet weather, accidental impacts and power outages, this part gradually fails. It is quite easy to check that it is working correctly, but the operator will have to act at his own risk, because the only way to check the part in the field will be very dangerous for the entire ignition system.

Video: Adjusting the Ignition of the Ural Motoblock

To test the magnetic block on the magneto, you will need:

1. Carefully disassemble the cap on the spark plug that is screwed to its usual location and insert a small nail instead. The latter must be clean, without traces of corrosion;
2. The nail should be installed at a distance of 7 mm from the cylinder wall of a standard cylinder of the power unit of a walk-behind tractor;
3. Start the engine of the agricultural implement;
4. Check for spark when starting the engine. It should be colored bright blue and clearly visible. If this is not the case, the magnet has failed.

If the magnet breaks, it will need to be replaced. You can do this yourself by fixing the faulty ones and installing a new part.

What if there is no spark on the walk-behind tractor?

If after testing it is determined that the spark has disappeared, the cause of this failure should be sought in the main elements of the ignition system of the agricultural unit.

This will require:

• Examine the candle. it must be unscrewed with a special key;
• The spark plug may be completely dry. this indicates that fuel is not getting into the engine cylinder, i.e. due to clogged fuel pipes or carburetor malfunction;
• In some cases, the part is wet from gasoline and motor oil. The reasons for this are an excessive amount of oil contained in the fuel, or its leakage from the engine oil sump directly into the cylinder. In this case, the operator must remove the spark plug and dry it thoroughly. After this, it is necessary to dry the cylinder, pull the starter cable onto the engine several times with an inverted spark plug;
• At the very least, due to the lack of proper and timely maintenance of agricultural machinery, a thick continuous layer of soot and dried resin deposits forms on the spark plug of a walk-behind tractor. To restore a spark plug, you need to thoroughly warm it up with an AL-KO light and wash out any remaining resin with clean gasoline. After this, the part must be dried and secured in place. If this does not help, the spark plug must be replaced.

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It is important to be very careful when removing, cleaning and installing the spark plug. Any careless movement can damage the electrodes of the part, so it can no longer generate a spark.

How to install the ignition on a walk-behind tractor. execution algorithm

From time to time, the walk-behind tractor needs to adjust the ignition system. Untimely adjustment of this unit will lead to accelerated wear of other, equally important mechanisms of the agricultural machine. In order to be able to independently configure the ignition system on a diesel walk-behind tractor and its gasoline counterpart, it is necessary to study the design diagrams of this unit.

A properly configured walk-behind tractor ignition system is capable of creating a spark in the right place and at the right time. In this case, the cap with a magnet is responsible for spreading the generated spark, and its lower part is responsible for interrupting the spark. For the ignition system to work according to this principle, it must be adjusted.

The ignition is installed in the following order:

1. First you need to check the operation of the flywheel in the engine until the contacts inside the magnet open;
2. Then you need to measure the distance between the “anvil” and the “hammer” built into the ignition system;
3. Next, you need to turn the flywheel until the piston is compressed;
4. Once the flywheel reaches its highest point, it must be turned again. As a result, a single knock will occur, indicating the operation of the shift clutch in the structure;
5. After this, the flywheel will need to be turned counterclockwise so that the second mark on it coincides with the mark located on the body;
6. The next step is to adjust the distance between the switch contact and the adjacent cam. The minimum for proper operation of the ignition system is a gap between the parts of 0.25 mm, and the maximum. 0.35 mm;
7. Finally, it remains to secure the built-in cam using a special screw, which is located on top. The video will tell you how to properly set up the ignition system on a walk-behind tractor.

Ignition control will speed up the start of the walk-behind tractor engine and make it smoother, which will slow down the wear of the piston group and other important elements of the engine of an agricultural machine.

Prices in Russia

Serial production of the Ural UMZ 5V walk-behind tractor is currently completed, but there is a lot of supply for sale on the secondary market. People willingly buy even those items that require restoration. After all, as mentioned above, the design of the model is simple and does not require professional skills.

Ural UMZ 5V on the supported market costs at least 10 thousand rubles, and the cost of cars in good condition can reach 30 thousand rubles. Moreover, the price depends not only on the condition, but also the model year. Before purchasing, it is recommended to inspect the equipment from all sides, and, if possible, conduct a detailed inspection of the bottom, since there may be corrosion there. The most valuable thing in the Ural UMZ 5V walk-behind tractor is the power plant. You need to pay close attention to it. The unit is already old, its overhaul will not be cheap.

The Ural UMZ 5V has practically no analogues, since this walk-behind tractor is, one might say, from a different era. Among more modern analogues that perform similar functions, we can highlight the walk-behind tractors “Cascade”, NMB-1, as well as “Oka” and MB1.

There is no spark on the walk-behind tractor. reasons and solutions

No spark

This is one of the typical malfunctions of the ignition system of a walk-behind tractor. The most common causes of this are carbon deposits on the spark plug or deterioration of the spark plug. In this case, unscrew the spark plug and carefully inspect its side and center electrodes. If the spark plug is covered with soot resulting from pouring the fuel mixture into the part, then cleaning the spark plug will not be enough. you will need to check the fuel system pipes for leaks from the walk-behind tractor. Examples of cases of heavily fouled fuel spark plugs are clearly visible in the photograph.

If the spark has disappeared, then in any case you will need to thoroughly clean the spark plug. The best way to do this is to heat it over a gas burner and then scrape the dried fuel off the surface. After cleaning the parts, the tip should be placed on top of it and brought to the body of the walk-behind tractor. The spark plug should be held so that its electrode is approximately 1 millimeter from the engine housing. In this case, try starting the walk-behind tractor with your other hand.

If the spark plug is fully activated, a spark will be generated at the bottom of the spark plug and will jump out and strike the engine housing. If this does not happen, you need to examine the distance between the side and center electrodes. The blade should be placed between them, and if it fits tightly between the two electrodes, the gap is optimal. If the blade is hanging, you need to tap any hard object on the back of the center electrode. As a result, it will move, after which you will need to try again to start the walk-behind tractor engine.

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Self-testing magneto for walk-behind tractor

Another important element of the walk-behind tractor ignition system is the magnet. If a node fails, it is also subject to intense performance scrutiny. It's quite easy to check the magnetic block. To do this, you need to clean the spark plug from deposits accumulated on its surface and make sure that it is in good working order. Then place the cap with the operating drive on the spark plug. Next, the lower part of the spark plug should be raised towards the magneto housing and begin to rotate the flywheel located in the engine.

If the spark does not appear in the magnet on the walking tractor, the element will fail. In this case, it will be necessary to replace the magnet of the walk-behind tractor's ignition system to prevent wear and tear on other mechanisms of the unit.

How to check the ignition coil on a walk-behind tractor?

Check and, if necessary, repair the ignition coil, following the same principle as the magnetic unit.

The following factors indicate that your off-road tractor's ignition coil has failed.

• Weak spark or its complete absence;
• Smell of melted plastic where the ignition coil is installed;
• A crackling sound appears when you try to start the walk-behind tractor.

In any of these cases, you will need to carefully inspect the ignition coil of the walk-behind tractor. To do this, it is best to completely disassemble it. To do this, first unscrew the mounting bolts and remove the top cover of the ignition switch housing. Then you need to disconnect the high-voltage wire and, carefully pulling out the coil, remove it from the housing. After this, you need to carefully inspect the part for signs of melting. If you see black spots on the coil, it is likely that the generated current did not reach the spark plug, causing the ignition coil to be exposed to voltage. This problem is especially often encountered by farmers whose walk-behind tractors are equipped with contactless ignition.

The reason why current did not reach the spark plug is due to poor contacts in the high voltage wire. In this case, repairing the ignition of an off-road tractor comes down to stripping the wires or completely replacing them. In walk-behind tractors where an electronic ignition system is installed, in the event of a break, the wire is automatically turned off due to the presence of a special fuse. On agricultural machines with other types of ignition systems, the wire must be manually disconnected in the event of a malfunction.

Preventing breakdowns of the walk-behind tractor ignition system

To avoid the need to repair the ignition system of a walk-behind tractor, you must follow a number of simple rules. Following these rules will extend the life of the device and save time and money for the equipment owner.

Experts advise:

• Avoid using the walk-behind tractor in wet weather, during frosts, as well as in conditions of sudden changes in temperature and humidity;
• Do not attempt to start the unit if there is a smell of melted plastic;
• If necessary, install trailers on the tractor that protect parts of the ignition system from moisture;
• Change the spark plug at least once every 3 months. In case of intensive use of the walk-behind tractor, the frequency of part replacement can be increased;
• Use quality motor oil. using the wrong composition will result in the spark plug constantly filling with the fuel mixture;
• Regularly check the parts of the ignition system to eliminate the slightest possibility of the walk-behind tractor operating with hanging wires or other damage;
• Try not to operate a walk-behind tractor with a hot engine under heavy loads. this will lead to accelerated wear of important components of the unit, including its ignition system.

By following these simple rules, the owner of a walk-behind tractor will increase the service life of the ignition system and other important parts and mechanisms of its unit.

All of the listed problems with the ignition system are typical for walk-behind tractors produced by Ural, Krot, Zubr, Agro, Neva, Honda, Salyut, MTZ and Cascade. Adjustment and repair of the unit is carried out in one order for each of the listed agricultural units.

Source

Technical specifications