The turning mechanism on a tracked all-terrain vehicle: side clutches for homemade tracked all-terrain vehicles, the simplest do-it-yourself, how to make

Unit details

There are several ways to make a turning unit, the simplest of which is to assemble it using right and left brakes. If the brake is pressed (right hand), the unit turns to the right, if the left brake is applied, it turns to the left.

It is necessary that one of the tracks turn off when turning, then the engine will cope, the homemade unit will turn.

Required assembly parts:

Asterisks.
Gearbox.
Chain.
Dispensing block.
Gears.
Clutch basket.
Caliper.

Making tracks from tires

This option for constructing rubber tracks has a number of advantages. There is plenty of material to be found. In case of urgent need, it will not be difficult to carry out repair work in a very short time. To make rubber tracks, you should choose truck tires. In addition, the tread must be identical in pattern to the rest of the tires - this will significantly simplify further work.

Manufacturing process:

Initially, a tire is taken. A transverse cut is made to create a strip. The sides are cut out of it - a kind of treadmill should be formed. The procedure requires a lot of patience, because cutting out excess parts of the tire is quite labor-intensive. The tools used are a large knife with a good sharp blade.
Rubber is easy to cut if the knife is soaked in warm, soapy water. Wetting needs to be done periodically. To achieve greater ease of operation, you should use an electric jigsaw with a fine tooth blade. The blade is also soaked in soapy liquid from time to time.
If the tire hardness is high, it is recommended to remove a couple of layers of rubber from the inside - this is very difficult, so it is easier to find a tire with a soft structure. In case of dissatisfaction with the tread pattern, new cutting of the lugs is allowed at your discretion.
A rubber track made by yourself has a huge advantage - it is a closed loop. With this advantage, reliability and strength are significantly increased. The only thing you need to pay attention to is securing the individual elements of the tire when creating a track for a snowmobile. Often, some tire options are not suitable in width. In this case, you should find material for specific parameters or tighten individual pieces with a small cable.

Sun gear

The sun gear is made floating in the form of a long tube, on the inner end of which there are teeth cut, and on the outer end there are splines with which the sun gear is connected to the hub of the driven gear.

The sun gear / is installed on the splines of the axle shaft 23, and the satellites 4 are on the fingers 2 of the carrier 3, which transmits torque to the wheel hub 5.

The sun gear has no supports and is connected to the high-speed shaft by a gear coupling, which allows the gear to self-align between the satellites, ensuring a fairly uniform distribution of power among the flows. The gearing is in most cases straight-toothed. Satellites are often mounted on spherical bearings, which ensures equalization of the load across the width of the rims.

The sun gear / is installed on the splines of the axle shaft 17 with a stop in the collar and secured with a nut 37, locked with a bending plate.

Sun gear S2 of the second gear, like gear S of the first gear, is rigidly connected to the motor shaft.

The sun gear on the motor shaft is also lubricated by splashing from the common oil bath of the gearbox. To prevent gearbox oil from entering the bearing assembly from the output end of the motor shaft, a rubber lip seal is installed in the motor bearing cover. In addition, a special oil sump ring is installed on the shaft.

The sun gear, satellites and epicycle are considered in the model as solid bodies connected by springs Cft, simulating the rigidity of the gear engagement, located along the engagement lines. The carrier is also a solid body fixed in elastic supports.

The sun gear 2 27 of the winch shaft through three satellites 2 39 transmits rotation to the ring gear 2105 of the drum.

The hollow sun gears 29 are made integral with tubular shanks, on the flanges of which the hubs of the brake drums 32 of the planetary gears are fixed. The gears are kept from axial movements by split locking rings and washers. When the brake drums 32 are fully tightened, the sun gears 29 are motionless and the satellites 19, rolling over them, rotate the carrier 28 1 4 times slower than the ring gear.

It is difficult for the sun gear to turn the carrier, which is held in place by the large resistance exerted by the drive wheels. The resistance to rotation of the ring gear is low.

M-north

The Lesnik-M Sever all-terrain vehicle has an all-metal duralumin insulated cabin. Doors and windows with high-quality sealing, which allows you to organize an overnight stay in the car at sub-zero temperatures.

This model has the following technical characteristics:

length - 370 cm;
width - 228-232 cm;
height - 260 cm;
curb weight - 1450 kg;
ground clearance - 49 cm;
number of places - 6
fuel consumption - 15-30 l/100 km;
load capacity on hard ground - 500 kg;
load capacity on loose soil and water bodies - 300 kg;
maximum speed - 40 km/h.

The Vologda swamp vehicle is equipped with tubeless low-pressure tires TREKOL size 1300/600/533 or 1350/700/533. This model is equipped with a gasoline injection engine from the VAZ-21114 - 1.6 liters, 82 hp, with a torque of 125 N*m.

Homemade tracked all-terrain vehicle "Khoma": assembly photo, test video

The author of the homemade product built himself the simplest tracked all-terrain vehicle for fishing trips and mushroom picking in the forest, the body of the all-terrain vehicle is a boat, and it weighs only 300 kg.

Technical characteristics of the tracked all-terrain vehicle:

Front-wheel drive (one drive axle).
Turning - differential activation.
Boat hull.
Track width – 450 mm.
Center distance – 1180mm.
Belt clutch.
The width of the boat is 700 mm.
The height of the boat is 570 mm.
The length of the all-terrain vehicle is 2000 mm.
Width - 1760 mm.
Maximum speed is 30 km/h.

To assemble the homemade product, the following materials were needed:

Lifan engine 7 hp
Gearbox from an Opel Rekord.
Gearbox from a Luaz car.
Lada bridge.
Drum brakes are also from the Lada.
The frame is welded from a profile pipe 50 x 50 x 2 mm, the upper part is made from a corner 40 x 4 mm.
Conveyor belt 6 mm thick.
Galvanized sheet metal.

Gear ratios:

From engine to gearbox - 5.5.
Gearbox 1st - 3.64.
Onboard Luaz - 1.3.
Bridge - 4.1.

A frame is welded from a profile pipe and a corner, an engine, gearbox, and axle are installed.

Belting.

The tracks are made from angle 25 x 25 x 3 mm. The lugs are welded.

Fangs from a strip of 25 x 4 and 20 x 4 mm.

The height of the fang is 75 mm.

The width between two conveyor belts is 150 mm.

The caterpillar is ready for installation.

At first, the author placed the all-terrain vehicle on two axles.

The author took the all-terrain vehicle to the test site on a trailer and began testing.

As a result of preliminary tests, it was decided to install a middle axis. The central axle is welded 50mm lower relative to the drive and tension axle, which leads to improved turning on hard ground without unnecessary effort.

Installing a central axis significantly increased the turn of the all-terrain vehicle.

Modifications and technical characteristics

The base model is Lesnik M Sever. Dimensions:

length – 3700 mm;
width – 2280–2320 mm;
height – 2600 mm.

Ground clearance – 490 mm. Track – 1800 mm. Curb weight – 1450 kg.

Load capacity:

on dense soils – 500 kg;
on weak soils and afloat - 300 kg.

Engine – VAZ-21114, petrol injection:

Volume – 1.6 l.
Power – 82 l. With.
Fuel consumption – 15–30 l/100 km.

Maximum speed (on the highway) – 50 km/h. Minimum speed – 2 km/h. Fuel tank – 40 l. 5-speed manual gearbox (VAZ-21083).

Forester Light is a lightweight version without a passenger compartment and awning and with a reduced fuel tank. In fact, it is an advanced version of the ATV. Suitable for those who like to travel in a small company and do not need to transport bulky cargo. For winter use, you can install an awning and a heater.

Dimensions:

length – 3700 mm;
width – 2320 mm;
height – 2400 mm.

Ground clearance – 480 mm. Curb weight – 850 kg. Fuel tank – 24 l.

The Lesnik Profi all-terrain vehicle is a version with an extended wheelbase, full suspension and 1600 mm high tires. Suitable for winter use, including short-term stays. Has increased load capacity (up to 900 kg). It is equipped with a gasoline or diesel engine. At the customer's request, axles from GAZ-66 or from Volvo Laplander can be installed, increasing ground clearance to 720 mm. The use of Swedish axles also reduces the vehicle's weight by 200 kg.

Forester Pro

Dimensions:

length – 4700 mm;
width – 2540 mm;
height – 2800 mm.

Ground clearance – 590–720 mm. Curb weight 1700–1900 kg.

Load capacity:

on dense soils – 900 kg;
on weak soils and afloat - 600 kg.

All-terrain vehicle Lesnik extreme - a lightweight and improved version. Equipped with a Japanese Kubota diesel engine with a capacity of 44 hp. with 1600 mm high tires. The drive axles are portal type from Volvo Laplander. There is a hatch in the roof above the cargo compartment. The car has excellent cross-country ability, in particular, it is able to get out of water onto ice without a winch.

Dimensions:

length – 4320 mm;
width – 2540 mm;
height – 2800 mm.

Ground clearance – 590–720 mm. Curb weight – 1750–1900 kg.

Load capacity:

on dense soils – 500 kg;
on weak soils and afloat - 300 kg.

What is needed to make an all-terrain vehicle

When planning to make an all-terrain vehicle with your own hands, you need to make sure in advance that you have the materials, drawings, and the appropriate tools. For most connections, especially frames, it is recommended to use a welding machine to ensure long service life and high structural strength.

Materials

It can be convenient to use a walk-behind tractor as the basis for an all-terrain vehicle on low-pressure tires, which will significantly reduce costs and simplify the self-assembly process. You will need to find several elements at once, without which the construction of a karakat will be impossible:

frame of suitable shape and size;
rear axle, which will be used to mount the rear wheels;
a seat for the driver, as well as means of protecting him from dirt and precipitation;
lighting devices that will be required for driving at night.

This type of device is single-seater, but if desired, additional seats can be installed.

All-terrain vehicle from UAZ

You should also make sure that the engine power of the walk-behind tractor used as the basis for the vehicle is sufficient for the selected design. Universal options include walk-behind tractors Neva, MTZ, Ugra, as well as other domestic products with motor power greater than 10 hp.

It is also worth taking care of the cooling system in advance, since when driving at low speed the wind will not be able to lower the engine temperature to acceptable values.

Blueprints

Having studied the drawings of all-terrain vehicles on low-pressure tires, the master can make his own changes to the design of the future product, which will allow him to adapt it to solve specific problems or improve technical characteristics. An example would be a gearbox, which will improve torque performance.

Manufacturing procedure

When planning to assemble a homemade swamp vehicle, it is advisable to make sure that you have everything you need, and then follow the following instructions:

Weld the frame using a metal profile of square/rectangular section.
If desired, you can make a breakable frame, which will be the best option for traveling in areas with difficult terrain. To do this, you will need to use a kingpin, as well as independent suspension for the front and rear axles.
Assemble the rear axle, for which you can use a similar part from an old car, for example Moskvich.
Implement suspension using shock absorbers, connect the bridge to the frame using bolts.
Install the walk-behind tractor on the frame.
Place the seat.
Attach frame protection made of metal or plastic.
Install wheels, lighting fixtures.

Also, the design of the model may assume the presence of a braking system, which is important for vehicles moving at high speed. In this case, it will be most convenient to use an old motorcycle and install the brakes at the wheel installation stage.

Caracat frame

Snow and swamp-going vehicle "forester-m north".

March 2022

The TREKOL company produces a whole family of all-terrain vehicles. It also has an all-terrain vehicle LESNIK-M NORTH. (The all-terrain vehicle was developed at LLC "LESNIK" in Vologda, but distribution in Russia is handled by TREKOL.) The all-terrain vehicle was demonstrated at the exhibition Hunting, Fishing 2020

The all-terrain vehicle "LESNIK-M" is a wheeled all-terrain vehicle with ultra-low pressure tires. It is designed for use on weak-bearing soils, as well as for overcoming water obstacles.

The body of the snow and swamp-going vehicle is made on the basis of a frame made of metal pipes and covered with duralumin sheets. Sheathing sheets are fixed to the frame using rivets.

The body of the all-terrain vehicle has two side windows. There is also a window on the back door. All windows are sliding. The windshields are triplex, they are glued into the window openings.

The all-terrain vehicle has a reinforced roof that protects the driver and passengers when the all-terrain vehicle turns over. The body is painted with RAPTOR protective compound

The off-road performance of an all-terrain vehicle can be improved by using an electric winch. In transport position it is fixed to the body. If necessary, the winch is inserted into the fastening mechanism (square), which is located in front and behind the all-terrain vehicle, connected to an outlet and can be used.

The body is insulated from the inside with 20mm thick penoplex and covered with carpet-type fabric

The driver's position is a little unusual - in the middle of the all-terrain vehicle (like a Viking all-terrain vehicle). Panoramic windows provide good visibility.

The motor is located longitudinally, behind the driver's seat, actually in the middle of the all-terrain vehicle. The engine can be supplied either with a petrol VAZ-21114 or a diesel KUBOTA - V1505

Important The design of the MAZ brake system and how to troubleshoot it

If you need to spend the night, you can arrange a sleeping place right in the cabin. There are three slings attached to the ceiling. They are placed between the seats and you get a flat area measuring 1800x2000.

You can hang a boat motor on the stern. For this purpose, the side of the all-terrain vehicle has special reinforcement.

The rear suspension is leaf spring. UAZ bridges, without the use of final drives.

Disc brakes. An all-terrain vehicle is usually equipped with centralized wheel inflation.

Tubeless tires, ultra-low pressure TREKOL – 1300x600x533

There is no front suspension on the all-terrain vehicle. The bridge is rigidly fixed to the body.

On the right side, behind the mesh, there is a gas tank.

Specifications
Model	TREKOL-Lesnik-M
Wheel formula of the all-terrain vehicle	4x4
Curb weight, kg	1350
Load capacity on dense soils, kg	500
Load capacity on weak soils and afloat, kg	300
Overall length / width / height, mm	3700/2300/2600
Track, mm	1800
Ground clearance, mm	490
Fuel tank capacity, l	40
Transmission	Fur. 5-speed (VAZ-21083)
Steering	UAZ worm gearbox (without hydraulic booster)
Body	Load-bearing, frame-panel, tented
Number of seats	3-5
Number of heaters in the body	1
Tires	TRECOL –1300x600x533, tubeless, ultra-low pressure
Operating pressure range in the tire, kPa (kg/cm2)	10…50 (0,1…0,5)
Maximum highway speed km/h	50
Minimum speed km/h	2
Bridges	UAZ, without wheel gearboxes
Brake system	Hydraulic, with vacuum booster, disc brakes
Suspension	Rear - spring, front - absent
Turning radius along outer dimensions, m	6
Fuel consumption, l/100 km	15-30 (depending on traffic conditions)

Also interesting: Niva Legends 2022 is already on sale! Price, photos, equipment The all-terrain vehicle is certified as a tractor. To operate it, category A2 license is required.

See also: All-terrain vehicle from the company vektor4x4 (fourth) All-terrain vehicle from the company vektor4x4 (second) TREKOL-39294 Snow and swamp-going vehicle TREKOL TROPHY Catalog of all-terrain vehicles TREKOL

Simple and complex devices

As noted above, the design of a planetary mechanism always includes a carrier and two central wheels. There can be as many satellites as you like. This is the so-called simple or elementary device. In such mechanisms, the designs can be as follows: “SHS”, “SVE”, “EVE”, where:

S - sun.
B - carrier.
E is the epicenter.

Each such set of wheels + satellites is called a planetary set. In this case, all wheels must rotate in the same plane. Simple mechanisms come in single and double rows. They are rarely used in various technical devices and machines. An example is the planetary mechanism of a bicycle. The bushing works according to this principle, thanks to which movement is carried out. Its design was created according to the “SVE” scheme. There are not 4 satellites. In this case, the sun is rigidly attached to the axis of the rear wheel, and the epicenter is movable. It is forced to rotate by the cyclist pressing the pedals. In this case, the transmission speed, and therefore the rotation speed, can change.

Much more often you can find complex gear planetary mechanisms. Their designs can be very different, depending on what this or that design is intended for. As a rule, complex mechanisms consist of several simple ones, created according to the general rule for planetary gears. Such complex systems come in two, three or four rows. Theoretically, it is possible to create structures with a large number of rows, but in practice this does not happen.

History of the Lesnik all-terrain vehicle

The manufacturer began its path to producing vehicles capable of conquering domestic spaces in 2005. It was from that time that the company began to design cars, focusing on models with ultra-low pressure tires.

The first snow and swamp-going vehicle “Lesnik” was born. Already in the spring of 2009, it was assembled and tested, and subsequently the designers worked for a long time to improve it. All the little things that could negatively affect performance were taken into account. As a result, the all-terrain vehicle was finally prepared for production in small series.

In 2012, the company received all the necessary certificates and permits in order to launch serial production of all-terrain vehicles. Meanwhile, at least ten “Foresters” have already successfully traveled around the country. Buyers managed to appreciate the reliability of the machines, their ease of operation, availability of repairs and maintenance.

Later, more models “Lesnik M” and “Forester M North” appeared on sale. You can also purchase additional equipment and cargo trailers for different all-terrain vehicles. As a result, the machines find wide application. In total, the manufacturer successfully produced and sold more than six dozen cars.

Planetary gear mechanism

Planetary gear mechanisms are also used in differentials and wheel reducers of main gears.

Planetary gear mechanisms can have one or two (or more) degrees of freedom.

Planetary gear mechanisms with two or more degrees of freedom are called differential gears or simply differentials.

Planetary gears are differential mechanisms with a stopped central gear.

Planetary gear mechanisms with three central wheels make it possible for the actuators to have two working bodies, rigidly connected to two central wheels or to one central wheel and a satellite, while the third central wheel is stationary; in this case, the leading link is the carrier.

Planetary gear mechanisms are widely used in mechanical engineering and instrument making.

A planetary gear mechanism with two degrees of freedom (minimum) is called a differential mechanism. Only at two given angular velocities of its links can one determine the angular velocities of the rest. Therefore, the differential does not have a specific gear ratio.

Planetary gear mechanisms are divided into simple and differential. A planetary mechanism with rigid links is called simple if it has one degree of freedom, and differential if its number of degrees of freedom is more than one.

A planetary gear mechanism is a mechanism that has gears with moving geometric axes. Such wheels are called planetary or satellite wheels.

There are differential and planetary gear mechanisms.

It is known that two-stage planetary gear mechanisms with internal gearing have an advantage over two-stage planetary gear mechanisms with external gearing in that, with the same kinematic characteristics, they have a higher efficiency.

Selecting the number of teeth of planetary gear mechanisms for a given gear ratio requires performing a large number of mathematical operations. Therefore, this problem is practically solved with the help of a computer. For this purpose, a program is used to decompose a given ir into factors and subsequently determine z, taking into account restrictions and the smallest dimensions. Sometimes the required uPM/N is entered into the program; z/mm; z / max, k restrictions and by enumeration determine combinations of numbers of teeth, from which the desired combination of z, z2, z3, z4 is selected with minimum dimensions, maintaining a given gear ratio in stages.

Cost of new and used

You can buy the Lesnik M all-terrain vehicle (gasoline engine, 1300 wheels) for 1.4 million rubles. A pro with an extended base will cost 2.9 million rubles. in the gasoline version and 3.4 million rubles. in diesel. Prices for diesel Extreme start from 4.8 million rubles. The manufacturer also offers many additional accessories for a fee (winches, heaters, hydraulic screws, storage boxes, etc.)

Used cars can be found both on portals like Avito and forums dedicated to all-terrain vehicles and special equipment. Their advantage is that you can personally communicate with the seller, request additional photographs and videos, and ask in detail about the operating conditions and condition of the all-terrain vehicle. The downside is the impossibility of verifying this information and the complete absence of guarantees.

Doomsday Rover. Test drive a crazy homemade product on caterpillar tracks

Our land is famous for the Kulibins! We have already talked about “Fantasy” by Minsk resident Boris Karavkin. And recently, Yuri Pidgaetsky from Molodechno decided to build an interesting homemade all-terrain vehicle on caterpillar tracks from a Moskvich and a Volkswagen. What came out of the symbiosis of components and assemblies of Soviet and German cars, read in our material.

“Come to Molodechno, we have made a tracked all-terrain vehicle here” - this message recently came to the editorial mail. The designer was unable to send the photos, so until the very last moment we had no idea what we were going to shoot.

And when we arrived at Yuri’s house, we were simply shocked by his all-terrain vehicle. Live it's something incredible! It feels like the car came to Molodechno straight from the set of films about zombies, the apocalypse or Mad Max.

Below is a tracked “trolley”, on top is a shortened body from Moskvich-2141, painted in military khaki color. In person the car looks extremely unusual. This has never happened before in our “Autoexotics” section!

“I’ve been interested in homemade products since childhood, I went to model design circles,” says Yuri Pidgaetsky. — I made a variety of homemade products - a children’s go-kart, a tricycle with low-pressure tires. And two and a half years ago I started making a tracked all-terrain vehicle. For what? I don’t really know myself - I’m just always itching to do something like that...”

Before the trip, we will study the technical component of the “monster”. The car was made without drawings - by eye. A durable frame is assembled from profile pipes and covered with tin. A shortened Moskvich body was later installed on it. Yuri says that he fussed with him the most.

The radiator and heater are located at the front. There is still room under the hood for various little things. So the car almost has two trunks.

There is no back row of seats. Instead, there is a huge trunk, under which the power unit and transmission are hidden. As you can see, the all-terrain vehicle turned out to be very practical.

The most interesting thing is hidden under the trunk floor. The 1.8-liter gasoline engine from the old Volkswagen Passat is located almost in the middle, but unlike a passenger car, it is located not transversely, but longitudinally. Next comes a 5-speed gearbox from the same car with a welded differential.

From it there is a kind of cardan to the rear Zhiguli axle. The exhaust pipes are welded from scratch, the fuel tank is homemade.

The rear axle differential is, naturally, free. Torque is transmitted to the rear rollers. They also have brake discs from an old Volkswagen Golf.

As you already understand, brake mechanisms are needed not only to stop the car, but also to control it. We pull the right control lever towards ourselves - we act on the caliper of the right roller, as a result the car turns to the right. Pull the left lever towards you and turn left. There is no brake pedal - to brake, you need to pull both levers.

Yuri took a week and a half to make the caterpillar from a conveyor belt and metal profile tubes. Regular car rims are used as rollers. Each caterpillar has a tension mechanism. According to the craftsman, the suspension is made from what was there - three struts with springs and shock absorbers are installed on each side.

The interior elements were taken from the same “Muscovite”. Everything works inside, including the radio and heater. Conventionally, the number of seats can be defined as 2+1 - the cabin may be cramped, but three people can fit. The gear shift pattern is reversed.

Now hold on to your chair—Yuri’s all-terrain vehicle can swim! Everything inside is sealed - the Moskvich does not sink. True, I haven’t had the courage to do full water tests yet. The car drove into the lake, but held on to the bottom with the back of the caterpillar. The front part of the all-terrain vehicle did not sink! In general, the car should float, but Yuri has no desire to fully float it yet - it would be a pity to sink such equipment.

The armor is strong and our tanks are fast - we are going to test the equipment in the fields! By the way, the all-terrain vehicle has not yet been properly tested - Yuri has driven it only a few times. So, together with the designer, we will test its capabilities, positive and negative qualities.

But first you need to get into the car, and for this you need to remember everyday life in the army. You have to climb onto a car the same way as in the army on an infantry fighting vehicle, that is, climb as you know how.

The first comment after our Instagram post was: “Will the all-terrain vehicle roll forward under emergency braking?” At low speeds we braked and did not roll over. Still, despite the considerable height, the center of gravity is located low - where the engine, rollers and tracks are. Before us, Yuri reached a maximum speed of 60 km/h, he braked, but not urgently - the car did not overturn. There is no desire to brake hard at high speed yet - first you need to install three-point belts and a safety cage. It seems like the car shouldn’t roll over, but in order to check this for sure, it’s better to first work on safety. Yes, just in case.

You sit behind the wheel, ugh - levers, very high. There has never been such a tall “Muscovite” in history! The cabin is very noisy while driving, but this cannot be said to be a drawback. The noise enhances the driving experience. You really drive like in a tank.

I always dreamed of driving tracked vehicles, but it’s a pity that I couldn’t steer anything in the army. It's time to catch up!

The clutch and throttle are the same as in a regular car, nothing special. It’s difficult to find the gears, the shift pattern is upside down, which blows your mind, there are also problems with clarity, but you can choose any gear, because the car starts at any speed, at least third for sure. There is no “lower gear” in the transmission; the lower row in this car is already done by default, so in first gear you can climb at a snail’s pace.

I switch on the gear (though I don’t know which one), sharply release the clutch pedal and press the gas - the car rears up slightly and takes off with a loud noise! To be honest, I don't even know how to describe the emotions. This is something incredible! There is very little snow, there are no special obstacles, but riding this “monster” just makes you want to scream with delight! Very unusual sensations. The engine is roaring, the tracks are knocking, my heart is bursting out of my chest - this is the most emotional test drive of my career! Words simply cannot describe how cool it is to ride this homemade tracked vehicle.

To turn, you need to apply considerable effort to the levers. But the maneuverability is not bad: we squeeze the gas to the floor, pull the left lever with both hands sharply with all our might - the all-terrain vehicle begins to turn the “nickels” in place! Moreover, homemade tracks do not fall off the rollers—the strength of the structure is felt.

I immediately remember the famous obscene video about the ensign and the tank crews: “Once, with a twist, he turned on the front - and off he went!”

Off-road performance? Ground clearance is 380 mm, there are no overhangs, but there are tracks. It’s a pity, for some reason there was very little snow in Molodechno - we couldn’t check how the car drives in deep snow. But again, there are enough emotions even without off-road obstacles. You’re just driving and your eyes are already popping out of your head!

But we drove along the ditch - the all-terrain vehicle drives through it very well. But for now, Yuri has no idea when the car will start to fall back. That’s why we didn’t take big slides - the driver was simply afraid to overturn the all-terrain vehicle.

Theoretically, everything should be fine - the center of gravity is low. But practically you need to make a frame, belts - and only then try to feel the stability limit of the all-terrain vehicle. There is a feeling that it is capable of a lot, but for now it’s just scary to break it - so much work has been put into the technology.

Finally, we try once again to feel this edge, but on the climb, the connection between the rollers and the engine is suddenly lost! The all-terrain vehicle rolls back and remains on the ice, which is covered with cracks along the edges. An attempt to put the car into gear and move off leads to nothing. All you can hear is the grinding of metal - the car is not moving. We've arrived!

It turned out that the cardan had broken. Moreover, it broke during the first test. However, you don’t even need to worry about it - Yuri already has a solution to the problem. The next driveshaft will be so strong that it can withstand anything.

It's normal for new equipment to fail. So far, only one weak point has been discovered in the all-terrain vehicle; there are no other “snots”. And that's very good! The machine was created from scratch by one person, has not yet been tested - and only the drive breaks. In the evening of the same day, the designer repaired the all-terrain vehicle and drove out of the ditch.

The result is complete delight. You are simply amazed at the talent of Yuri Pidgaetsky, who made such a machine from scrap materials! He had some spare parts, but had to buy some - in the end he spent about $800 on construction. For this money you can’t even buy a frail ATV, but here you have a whole “monster” - an all-terrain vehicle on caterpillar tracks. Bravo to its creator!

Chassis

One of the developers’ goals was to assemble the simplest possible structure, where there would literally be nothing to break, and the necessary repairs could be carried out in the field. Many chassis and suspension elements were taken from other domestic cars. For example, the axles and driveshafts are taken from the UAZ-469, the gearbox and steering wheel are from the VAZ-21083. The engine is taken from a VAZ-21114, the radiator of the cooling system is from a Chevrolet Niva. This made it possible to reduce the cost of the car, simplify its operation and repair, and at the same time eliminated all possible problems with the availability of spare parts. Parts for VAZ and Niva can be found in any city or town where there is an auto shop.

The front axle is without a gearbox and is rigidly attached to the body, that is, there is no front suspension. There is also no transfer case or additional drives, which makes it possible to reduce the weight of the all-terrain vehicle and reduce the likelihood of breakdowns. Also in the front part there is protection for the steering mechanism, a socket for attaching an electric winch and a socket for connecting it.

The rear suspension is spring. The rear axle is also without a gearbox. The center differential is locked to improve cross-country ability. Also in the rear part there is a place for mounting a boat motor (hydraulic propeller).

The use of low-pressure tubeless wheels ensured high maneuverability, excellent shock absorption when driving over rough terrain and buoyancy when crossing water obstacles. Buoyancy and shock absorption are provided by a large volume of air, and the ability to move unhindered on ice and snow is provided by increasing the support area and, therefore, reducing pressure on the surface. The “mud” tread pattern provides traction when driving on sand, wet clay and other soft and sticky soils.

Main features of the chassis:

The base model does not have a front suspension, which simplifies the design and reduces the likelihood of breakdowns.
Wheels up to 1600 mm high provide excellent visibility and the ground clearance necessary for an all-terrain vehicle.
The use of Russian components guarantees a minimum price, as well as the availability of spare parts and qualified repairs.
The opportunity to purchase a model with full suspension and imported parts expands the range of buyers.

DIY gearbox repair

Repairing a gearbox with your own hands is a very difficult task. So, this mechanism is very complex and consists of many parts. When making repairs with your own hands, you can often even disassemble without knowing that you can easily lose a whole bunch of small parts inside, for example, needles instantly fall apart and get lost. Planetary gearbox repairs are best left to the professionals.

Like all gearboxes, it can be either single-stage or multi-stage. If you are going to purchase a mechanism of this type, then it is best to buy it from trusted manufacturers, since repairing it yourself is very difficult, and if it often fails, then a lot of money will be spent on it. In this article we tried to collect general information on planetary-type devices used for the production of cars. It must also be said that this type of device is being very intensively introduced into many areas and industries due to its very significant advantages.

Homemade centrifugal clutch

For one reason or another, it may be necessary to assemble a homemade clutch for a walk-behind tractor. This task is quite real, but before you begin, you need to understand the features of the device.

The principle of operation of any type of clutch is the continuous friction of its components. And this naturally leads to parts wearing out and the device becoming unusable. Undoubtedly, the easiest way out in this situation is to buy a new mechanism, but the main disadvantage of this solution is its cost. The finished part is quite expensive, and this is the main reason why many owners of walk-behind tractors make the clutch for the walk-behind tractor with their own hands.

Do-it-yourself crawler all-terrain vehicle: manufacturing features, drawings:

It's no secret that in our vast country there are areas where it is completely impossible to move normally on the roads due to their poor quality. In this case, a special vehicle, which is characterized by high maneuverability, comes to the rescue.

We are talking about an all-terrain vehicle. But, unfortunately, it is almost impossible to purchase a vehicle that is light, economical and inexpensive.

Therefore, many craftsmen with engineering and technical skills decide to create a tracked all-terrain vehicle with their own hands, taking into account their needs and capabilities.

How can tracked all-terrain vehicles be used?

Such homemade tracked devices come in different sizes and are used for a variety of purposes. With their help, heavy loads are moved, which are placed either in the body or in a special trailer. If a crawler all-terrain vehicle, made by yourself, is used for a summer residence, then in this case various construction materials are most often transported.

In addition, such a vehicle has transport versatility, and if any unforeseen circumstances arise, you can quickly, without any difficulties, get to a certain destination over rough terrain.

What to pay attention to when creating a homemade all-terrain vehicle?

If you decide to make a crawler all-terrain vehicle with your own hands, you must clearly understand for what purpose it will be used. Be sure to consider the following points:

Weather conditions during operation.
Dimensions. The width affects the cross-country ability of a self-made crawler all-terrain vehicle, the length is calculated based on the number of seats or the presence of a luggage compartment, and the height should be optimal when creating the amphibious properties of the unit.
Motor power. The more powerful the engine, the easier it is to overcome hard-to-reach sections of the road.
Target. Depending on the purpose for which the mobile device is intended, its design may vary.
Number of wheels. Most often, a homemade tracked all-terrain vehicle, made with your own hands, has wheels from two to eight pairs, which are necessary to support the caterpillar track.

Create a drawing

The most important stage is making a sketch of a tracked all-terrain vehicle. Do-it-yourself drawings with the location of the mechanisms of the unit and its components are drawn after this. They must be very accurate. When creating such a vehicle, they usually use both homemade parts and ready-made factory-produced elements. They are drawn separately, with the calculation of the compatibility and performance of parts and assemblies.

Design features

A crawler all-terrain vehicle, created with your own hands, must have an engine. Basically, this element is taken from cars, most often domestic ones. You can also borrow it from a motorcycle. The chassis consists of rubber tracks, a tension system, suspension, and rollers. Car tires are often used to make tracks. The chassis base consists of a bathtub, frame or any other metal frame. For the control system, various components are taken or ready-made control elements of motorcycles or cars, as well as tractors, are used. A homemade tracked all-terrain vehicle, made with your own hands, has a power system, which is represented by a fuel tank, gasoline or diesel. Gas equipment is used much less frequently.

Manufacturing technology

Lightweight tracked all-terrain vehicles are made by hand using a certain technology. Their creation begins with the construction of the body, which must have high strength and complete waterproofness.

The base of a homemade transport must be rigid, so steel pipes are used that can withstand any physical stress arising from movement. Then they begin to make the tracks. To do this, take ordinary sheet rubber and create ring rubber.

Small aluminum blades are placed on its outer side using rivets, and the necessary limiters are installed on the inner side, the step width of which is equal to the width of the tire tires.

The next stage is that the bridges are removed from the car through holes that were specially made in the body for this purpose. Rubber couplings are used as protection.

The rubber band is attached so that the wheels are located directly in the center of the stops. In addition, additional wheels are also attached. They are necessary to maintain the track tension.

To complete the work, heavy-duty glass is installed in the cabin of the all-terrain vehicle, which was made by hand.

Operating rules

The basic rule for operating a Forester is to follow the recommended tire pressure, reduce it when entering rough terrain and increase it when driving on hard surfaces. The all-terrain vehicle is equipped with Trekol tubeless tires measuring 1300 or 1600 mm. Internal pressure should not exceed 0.6 kgf/cm2 when driving on asphalt and concrete roads, 0.45 kgf/cm2 when driving on dirt roads and 0.25 kgf/cm2 on sand or virgin snow. When driving through swampy areas, it is recommended to reduce the pressure to 0.06 kgf/cm2. Failure to comply with these rules will worsen the cross-country ability, cause vibrations in the cabin, and also lead to damage to the tire. The pressure is regulated by a centralized tire inflation system controlled from the passenger compartment.

Cabin of the Lesnik all-terrain vehicle

Load capacity must also be observed. If on dense soils and hard surfaces the Forester can “carry” up to 500 kg, then when moving on soft soils and afloat it cannot be loaded with more than 300 kg.

Features of structural materials and schemes

However, a fixed component is not always necessary. In differential systems, each element rotates. Planetary gears like this include one output controlled by (controlling) two inputs. For example, a differential that controls an axle in a car is a similar gear.

Such systems operate on the same principle as parallel shaft structures. Even a simple planetary gear has two inputs, the fixed ring gear being a constant input of zero angular velocity.

General rules of use

When driving an all-terrain vehicle, you need to understand that the vehicle is designed for off-road and swampy terrain, so you should not accelerate on asphalt, because the car may lose control. Before leaving, be sure to check the pressure in the tires, clutch and brake pedals.

Periodically you need to check the fastenings of all components and mechanisms that may become loose over time. It is recommended to drive with a full fuel tank, because... The car's consumption is high, so that somewhere in the wilderness you won't be left without fuel.

It is not recommended to overload the machine: you cannot carry more than the specified load capacity.

The number of passengers must correspond to the equipped seats. It is strictly forbidden to drive an all-terrain vehicle while intoxicated.

Do-it-yourself crawler all-terrain vehicle: manufacturing features, drawings:

We are talking about an all-terrain vehicle. But, unfortunately, it is almost impossible to purchase a vehicle that is light, economical and inexpensive.

Therefore, many craftsmen with engineering and technical skills decide to create a tracked all-terrain vehicle with their own hands, taking into account their needs and capabilities.

How can tracked all-terrain vehicles be used?

In addition, such a vehicle has transport versatility, and if any unforeseen circumstances arise, you can quickly, without any difficulties, get to a certain destination over rough terrain.

What to pay attention to when creating a homemade all-terrain vehicle?

If you decide to make a crawler all-terrain vehicle with your own hands, you must clearly understand for what purpose it will be used. Be sure to consider the following points:

Weather conditions during operation.
Dimensions. The width affects the cross-country ability of a self-made crawler all-terrain vehicle, the length is calculated based on the number of seats or the presence of a luggage compartment, and the height should be optimal when creating the amphibious properties of the unit.
Motor power. The more powerful the engine, the easier it is to overcome hard-to-reach sections of the road.
Target. Depending on the purpose for which the mobile device is intended, its design may vary.
Number of wheels. Most often, a homemade tracked all-terrain vehicle, made with your own hands, has wheels from two to eight pairs, which are necessary to support the caterpillar track.

Create a drawing

Design features

General design features

Lesnik-M, unlike Lesnik, has a glass half-cabin, a protective compartment for the engine and a stove. The details of the body configuration differ slightly.

Lesnik M-Server differs from Lesnik-M by a body made of duralumin metal, with interior ventilation and a completely insulated engine compartment. The design of the transmission, as well as the material for the production of body parts, are the same in all trim levels.

The most expensive and important part of an all-terrain vehicle is the special ultra-low pressure wheels.

The tires on them come in different types; they are selected individually depending on where the equipment will be used.

The snowmobile body is made of a profile pipe, covered with aluminum sheets, painted with special anti-corrosion paints. The engine and gearbox are installed in the middle of the frame, which allows the swamp vehicle to maintain its center of gravity when overcoming water obstacles.

What are clutches

Clutches are clutch units in a gearbox that transmit torque. They are made of high-strength steel in the form of a disk onto which the cover is glued.

There are two types of frictions:

Fixed, they are in conjunction with the gearbox housing; metal discs have a lining.
Rotating clutches move with the gears. These elements are made of soft material (for example, graphite-coated cardboard).

Layout example:

3 calipers 2108 are installed on one shaft.
On the rotating carriage there is a disk from 2108, as well as sprockets (32 teeth).
A gasket is mounted in one support; it ensures the transfer of fluid to the caliper.
The driven sprocket is placed between the disk and the support.

The maximum number of revolutions is 360 per minute. The drive sprocket receives torque from the internal combustion engine.

How to build your own all-terrain vehicle

A snow and swamp-going vehicle on ultra-low pressure wheels can be made at home with your own hands.

Supporting Drawings

To make an all-terrain vehicle, you will need a graphic drawing that will indicate the dimensions and location of all components and assemblies. An important stage is the design of the frame and the correct equipment of the cabin with a berth.

During the work process you will definitely need drawings.

Required parts and tools

To make an all-terrain vehicle, you must have the following tools and materials:

engine with exhaust system and attachment;
axles with differentials;
Gearbox and transfer case;
cardan shafts;
engine cooling radiator;
steering;
tires;
metal pipe;
a set of locksmith tools;
drill;
welding machine.

During the work process, you may need easily accessible tools and small consumables.

Options for homemade turning mechanisms

Rotation mechanisms are differentiated into 3 types:

Fixing the block at a point that maintains a constant speed during a turn, while the crankshaft and gearbox do not change the torque parameters.
By the number of calculated turning radii. The speed of one caterpillar remains constant, the speed of the second decreases.
When the lagging and advancing caterpillars reduce their speeds.

When creating mechanical transmissions, the second and third types are more practical.

They implement an automatic reduction in the speed of the all-terrain vehicle.

The first type has a disadvantage: turning occurs by changing gears, because otherwise the power plant will not cope with the load and will stall.

Simple planetary gear

Planetary is a two-stage gear transmission in which there are fixed axes. Thanks to this design, within the axis of rotation it is possible to add and expand angular velocities (or torque). A planetary gear consists of gears of different diameters: one axis is fixed, the other is stationary. The gears on the fixed axle contact each other through toothed wheel elements that are mounted on the moving axles.

Based on the number of gear elements, transmissions are differentiated into:

single row;
double row.

The first ones come with fixed axes and planetary ones. According to the layout of the axles, final drives are divided into coaxial (located on the same line) and non-coaxial.

For 6x6 all-terrain vehicles

6x6 vehicles have excellent cross-country ability. Such tracked units are reliable, durable, and easy to operate.

Required blocks:

Quite a powerful power plant.
The suspension should be soft and reliable.
The wheels in such a car are all driven, with two pairs of steering wheels.
Cross-wheel differentials can be locked.
Each wheel has an independent suspension.
“6x6” weighs around a ton, engine power is 30-50 hp.

Functions of the centrifugal clutch

There are several types of mechanism, but the most interesting in the context of the operation of household agricultural units is the centrifugal clutch for a walk-behind tractor - it is this kind of automatic clutch that is used in the power systems of walk-behind tractors and cultivators.

The operation of this type of device is based on a friction clutch. The functions of a centrifugal clutch for a walk-behind tractor include such important tasks as:

stable torque transmission;
reduction of vibrations resulting from the movement of parts of the structure;
smoothness in gear shifting;
the ability to connect gears without impact;
turning the gearbox on and off;
disconnecting the transmission from the flywheel.

The presence of a clutch allows the crankshaft to be temporarily disconnected. An engine equipped with this device starts and stops without sudden movements.

This mechanism performs one of the main functions

Adjusting clutches gas 71 — logbook PTZavr amphibian 6x6 2012 on DRIVE2

We drove for a bit and the right clutch started slipping. At first I thought there was not enough effort, since half of the springs were removed from the basket. But on the last trip it was determined that the friction clutches simply needed adjustment. When the clutches operate, the discs wear out and the free gap between the release bearing of the disc basket will decrease and the moment comes when the basket is partially pressed, then significant slipping begins, which increases at a high speed since the discs are constantly spinning and the friction there is dry and intensive wear occurs. Reminder for those who drive these gearboxes: Check the periodic free play on the release bearing arm. It should be 8-12 mm across the hole.

Full size

We remove the gearbox. In order to adjust it you need to remove it.

Full size

Finalization. The hook fixes the clutch in the pressed position. Very convenient, you can twist it. But you can’t remove the drum, the discs will crawl apart.

Full size

Let's sort it out.

Full size

And these are the same washers that need to be reduced. I sharpened several pieces of different thicknesses in advance.

Full size

Put it back together and you're done.

8 months Tags: DIY repair

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Choosing an engine

Not every engine is suitable for an all-terrain vehicle; the main requirement for it is the presence of forced cooling, since all-terrain vehicles usually develop low speeds; a regular motorcycle engine, for example, will overheat. Therefore, if you decide to use such a power unit, then take care of its cooling, at least with the help of a fan and a simple casing that organizes the movement of air flow.

Of course, the engine must have sufficient power to ensure the all-terrain vehicle can drive in any conditions. The required maximum motor power can be calculated using the formula: nmotor. max.=10 -3 Nsp.mp; (neng. max. - maximum power, Nsp - specific power per ton of weight, which should be in the range of 20 - 35 hp).

If the machine is intended to be used all year round, it is preferable to use a four-stroke engine. Such engines start easier and operate more reliably at subzero temperatures than their two-stroke counterparts (although their specific power is somewhat lower). There are no specific recommendations on the type of engine - gasoline or diesel; each has its own pros and cons.

Another option for making a caterpillar

Before you make a caterpillar with your own hands, you need to choose a technology for carrying out the work. It is also possible to use the method presented below. The propulsion frame can be welded using pipes that have a rectangular cross-section. It is recommended to connect them using a frame, this will make the structure collapsible. The splined part can be borrowed from the Buran, this will make it possible to make drive shafts; the splined part of the shafts, which are borrowed from the Oka, must be welded to them. It will also be necessary to use brake discs. When working on the front shafts, you need to install brake mechanisms on them. Some part of the gearbox housing needs to be cut off.

Making a caterpillar with your own hands will allow you not only to save money, but also to move through snowy areas without any problems. This design can be used for a long time without the need for repairs.

Tackles

A trolley is a movable platform that protects the chassis of equipment from unnecessary mechanical loads. The platform is used when it is necessary to drive a snowmobile into a garage. For its manufacture, a metal pipe of medium diameter (6×6 mm), rollers and a bearing system are used. The wheels are installed with rubber coating and metal discs. Their diameter must correspond to the weight of the equipment.

Snowmobile skis consist of a base, a shock-absorbing part, a rod, a fork and bipod, and a link leg.

Skis can be made in different designs from different materials. If plastic linings are used for the base, they are supplemented with expanders. The extensions are mounted with fastenings to the snowmobile chassis. The plastic design is suitable for small equipment. For large and medium-sized snowmobiles, you will need metal skis.

To give the skis a shape, cut out the base from a cardboard stencil. At the same time, a bend is formed in front. The amount of bending is done at your own discretion. A ski track with a large bend glides poorly and collects snow. And this creates unnecessary braking. Therefore, you should not make it too large. The approximate size of the ski track is 2.5 cm wide and 100 cm long.
A pipe is welded along the edges of each part. This gives additional rigidity to the product and protects it from stones that come along the way.
Where the bend passes, the pipe is welded along the contour.
Shock-absorbing parts are fixed to the skis. Bolts are used as fastening elements.
The platform and the nose of the skis are connected by a hydraulic pipe. The top part is ready.
For the lower part, the hydraulic pipe is fixed at 4 points and compressed.
Then the polyethylene pipe is attached with self-tapping screws, having previously cut it. Instead of a polyethylene pipe, you can use polypropylene.