Yenisei 1200 combine harvester: technical specifications, bunker volume, photo

Combine harvester Yenisei-1200

The Krasnoyarsk Combine Harvester Plant was founded at the beginning of the war - in 1941. In 1985, the Yenisei-1200 grain harvester began to be mass produced, which was improved over time, and then was replaced by a more modern model, the Yenisei-950. In 2013, a decision was made to close the Krasnoyarsk plant.

The base machine was equipped with a four-stroke diesel engine and two beater drums. The front drum processes the ears in the middle part - the main threshing takes place. And the second drum (the rear one) gets the top and bottom of the ear. This division of labor, coupled with an active straw walker, helps reduce losses. Depending on the size of the field and the type of crop, the combine is equipped with headers of various sizes.

In addition to harvesting wheat, rye and other grains, the self-propelled machine can also process fields of sunflower, rice, soybeans, and cereal plants, collect straw from the fields, and bread from the windrows. Additional equipment is used for this. So, you can install a chopper, stacker, spreader, pick-up.

Photo of the Yenisei-1200 combine

Device

Engine

The diesel engine, located behind the hopper on the roof of the threshing device and attached to the frame on shock absorbers, contains four in-line cylinders. The starting motor is used for starting. A hot air intermediate cooling system is provided in front of the water radiator.

On the left side of the crankshaft, the movement is transmitted to the clutch, and from it to the thresher. The left side of the rotating shaft transmits power to the hydraulic pump or chassis, as well as the fan, diesel generator and water pump.

Electrical system

A twelve-volt, single-wire DC system with the negative side is connected to the housing. It is designed to illuminate the cabin, operate the glass cleaner, fan, power control devices, external lighting and signaling devices. Some models have an electric starter to start the diesel engine. The battery is charged through the voltage converter included in the kit. Its output current should not exceed 5 amperes.

Steering

To make driving easier, a hydraulic system is used, consisting of a metering pump, a hydraulic cylinder and a gear pump. The metering pump (located under the driver's platform) is mechanically connected to the steering wheel. It is connected to the power pump by a cardan shaft. This system allows you to control the steering wheel both when the power pump is running and when it is turned off (or when the engine is turned off).

Hydraulics

The combine harvester has two hydraulic systems: for steering and the main system. The latter serves to control the reel, stacker and header, and turn on the vibrator for faster grain unloading.

In the Yenisei-1200N and Yenisei-1200NM models, the hydraulic system is also used to regulate the speed of the machine. The main part includes: a gear-type hydraulic pump, hydraulic vibrators with hydraulic cylinders, and a safety valve.

Transmission

On various modifications of the unit (see above), both mechanical and hydraulic speed variators can be used. Accordingly, the drive axle has a different design:

• The manual transmission, located on the left of the drive axle, is of the gear type; it has a brake on the input shaft, as well as a locking mechanism. Final drives are of planetary type. A permanently engaged clutch is located on the input shaft.
• The hydraulically controlled drive axle contains two-stage gear reducers, a hydraulic motor and a gearbox. The brakes are separate, disc, controlled by pedals. The three-range gearbox, attached to the axle beam, has sliding gears for changing ranges.

Attachments

The front-type header included in the kit is used for cutting ears. Its body is hingedly connected to an inclined chamber, which is hung on the threshing mechanism. There are three hinges - a spherical one in the center and two spring ones on the sides. With this design, the surface relief is copied both along and across the field. The header contains an auger, a cutting mechanism (with single forged steel fingers) and a reel with eccentrics. The rake fingers are on springs, and the drive is a chain drive with two circuits.

Depending on how the lower part of the ears is removed, a chopper-spreader or a stacker is used:

• The hinged stacker closes automatically using a hydraulic system. It has a mechanism for baling hay and a light alarm.
• The chopper-spreader is driven by a motor using a V-belt drive. It consists of a frame with a chopping drum, where plate knives are mounted on hinges. There is also a pallet to which the spreading device is attached on hinges.

Scheme of the Yenisei-1200 combine 1 - electrical equipment; 2 — cabin; 3 - bunker; 4 - motor group; 5 - hydraulic system; 6—accumulator; 7 — guardrail; 8 - thresher; 9 — driver’s platform; 10 - harvesting part.

Combine harvester stacker

mounted stacker is designed for collecting straw and chaff with subsequent unloading of them onto the ground in the form of stacks. The stacker consists of a chamber formed by two sidewalls, a bottom, a rear valve grille and an upper overlap.

The stacker is equipped with a straw filler, a chaff filler, a safety-unloading device and a valve closing mechanism.

The bottom is a platform with hinged two-section fingers. Two springs installed under the platform help position it in a vertical position when unloading the hay. The degree of tension of the springs is determined by the moisture content of the straw and chaff. At high humidity, the tension should be greater.

The straw packer mechanism, which compacts the straw 2-2.5 times, consists of a crankshaft, a rake with teeth and a slide. In order to enhance straw compaction, it is made up of two sections connected by a coupling. In this case, the crankshafts of the sections are shifted relative to each other by 180º.

The pre-pressing chamber is limited at the top by a cutter and at the bottom by a tray; it narrows towards the outlet. The straw coming off the straw walker keys is captured by the rake teeth (which describe an elliptical curve), removed and pushed through the narrowed part of the prepress chamber and the stacker chamber. Here its volume increases and it cannot return back to the prepress chamber. The teeth of the cutter also contribute to this. The degree of straw compaction is automatically adjusted by a safety clutch located on the drive shaft.

Harvester stacker: 1—straw farm; 2 - crankshaft; 3 - rake; 4 and 6 - front and rear belts; 5 - upper ceiling; 7 - clamp; 8 — bearing; 10 - sensor; 11 — rear valve grille; 12 - latch; 13 — bracket; 14 - sidewall; 16 - spring; 17 — bottom; 18 — rotary axle of the bottom; 19 — spring axis; 20 - tray; 21—straw comb; 22 — suspension; 23 - crankshaft; 24 — suspension pipe; 26 — cut-offs; 27 — backstage; 28 — straw filler teeth; 29 — bottom thrust.

Filler mechanism

The chaff and chaff coming through the extension of the cleaning sieve onto the tray are exposed to the chaff filler, which acts in the same way as the straw filler, but unlike the latter, the four-link mechanism of the chaff filler is less loaded, therefore it is made in one section. The chaff and waste are collected at the bottom of the front part of the chamber and do not mix with the straw. The straw and chaff fillers are driven by a single chain circuit from the rear counter-drive shaft.

Specifications

The table shows the characteristics of the Yenisei-1200M model, which has been the base model for a long time. The letter "M" at the end means that the model is modified.

Technical characteristics of the Yenisei-1200 combine:

Not available:

Modifications

1200-1 and 1200-1M

The one added to the marking indicates that the thresher of the unit has one drum, and not two, as in the basic model. Its threshing mechanism is autonomous. Purpose – work in fields where the humidity is not very high.

Photo of the Yenisei-1200-1M combine harvester

1200Р and 1200РМ

This machine with a caterpillar spring undercarriage is designed to serve for harvesting rice. It also copes well with other crops (cereals, soybeans, sunflowers) where the climate is characterized by high humidity. Two more features: a highly active straw walker (with an increase in separation area) and equipping the thresher with two different drums. One of them is a hammer type, the other is a pin type. The rotating mechanism of the bridge is friction type.

1200НМШ and 1200-1НМШ

These units are also good at harvesting rice and soybeans. But the soils must be either dry or slightly moist (after all, there are not tracks here, but wheels). The double-drum model, like the combine described above, also has a pin and beater drums, while the single-drum model has only a pin drum.

1200-N

This variation, equipped with wheels from the T-150 tractor, has excellent maneuverability. They made it specifically for the non-chernozem zone (the letter “N” in the marking indicates this).

The chassis of the unit is equipped with a hydraulic drive and a reinforced axle (MK-23) of the driving wheels, and the tires are characterized by high cross-country ability. The header has a fingerless cutting mechanism.

1200NM and 1200-1NM

Since 2003, this improved modification with two beater drums has become the basic one. The powerful and productive machine is a transitional link between the 1200 series and the 950 series (Ruslan). The unit began to be produced to replace the outdated Yenisei-1200M17 model. Accordingly, Yenisei-1200-1NM is a single-drum version of this combine.

Distinctive features: powerful motor, hydraulic transmission, reinforced drive axle developed by factory designers, improved grain tank. The thresher's separation area has increased by one quarter, as the straw walker keys have become longer.

Photo of the Yenisei-1200-1NM combine

1200NMZ and 1200-1NMZ

It uses not beaters, but toothed drums (one or two, depending on the model). This configuration works well when you need to remove not fully ripened grain, but only one that has reached waxy ripeness. Humidity is allowed to be high or medium.

1200-1M-17

The Yenisei-1200-1M-17 combine has a soundproofed cabin, improved ventilation and an increased separation area. In addition, there are other positive properties that distinguish this modification. We are talking about a distribution auger of the pre-threshing device across the entire width of the thresher, which allows you to evenly distribute the fine straw heap, as well as a belt drive for the unloading auger.

Design and operating features

Yenisei 1200 has a classic construction scheme. The combine's chassis is equipped with a reinforced front axle, which adds strength to the structure. The Yenisei 1200 1NM is available only in a wheeled version, despite the presence of tracked modifications in the line. The equipment is equipped with low-pressure tires that increase the contact area with the surface. Due to this, the cross-country ability of the combine increases. Smooth running is ensured by metering pumps and hydraulic cylinders. The design of the chassis allows the steering wheel to rotate freely even when the power pump is turned off and the engine is operating at idle speed.

There are 2 types of transmission available for the combine: with hydraulic and mechanical drive. The last option involves installing a gearbox on the drive axle. The transmission in this case has a classic design with planetary gearboxes and a clutch; the main operating principle is the interaction of gears. Other elements of a manual transmission include a first shaft brake and a locking mechanism. This transmission is usually installed on cheaper modifications. Most Yenisei 1200 1NM models have a hydrostatic transmission supplied from abroad. It consists of a 2-stage gear reducer, a hydraulic motor, and gears. Hydrostatic transmission is considered more efficient and reliable.

Technical characteristics of modifications

Distinctive characteristics of the models:

The video shows the Yenisei-1200 combine harvester at work: