Combine harvester Yenisei 1200: description and characteristics

The Yenisei rice harvester is a piece of equipment from the Krasnoyarsk Combine Harvester Plant, produced since 1981; the plant was closed in 2013.

The combine can be used to harvest grain and cereal crops, soybeans, sunflowers, and also collect straw. All these types of work have their own characteristics, so it is necessary to use suitable equipment manufactured at the same factory. Performance characteristics and descriptions of different models are presented later in the review.

History of the creation of the combine

In the photo of the Yenisei-1200 combines, it is difficult to distinguish them from similar foreign equipment. The line of equipment has an interesting history:

The combine was created by designers working at the Novosibirsk State Institute and the Krasnoyarsk Plant.
The development was based on the experience of the Niva, which is considered one of the most common in the Soviet Union.
Testing of samples from 1981 surpassed all analogues of that period in terms of technical characteristics.
Tests were carried out in the fields. The performance indicators of the machines were comparable only to the Niva and advanced foreign technology.

The result of the work was a class 3 combine with high efficiency.

The basis for the Yenisei was the Niva combine

At first, agricultural machinery was produced only by the Krasnoyarsk plant. Later, the production of equipment expanded. The reasons for the popularity of the line were:

The operation of combine harvesters on Russian fuel is of low quality.
Repairs that do not require special conditions.
Availability of inexpensive spare parts.
Degrees of maintainability of machines with durable, simple design.

During the production period of the equipment, various modifications were developed. During this time, the Soviet basic model grain harvester “Yenisei-1200” has been transformed into products of world quality standards.

Engine of the Yenisei 950 combine

This model uses a diesel engine without a turbine of one of two models (D-442-59I; YaMZ-236DK5). The latest version has 6 cylinders arranged in a V-shape. Fuel is injected into it directly. To cool it, three radiators are used at once, one of which is water-based, and the other two are oil-based. Engine power is 185 hp.

Loading from the bunker of the Yenisei 950 combine

Harvester modifications

Letters and numbers help to understand the features of modifications of the Yenisei-1200 line of machines:

The letter Z designates a tooth-type drum.
Ш – denotes a pin drum.
P stands for a crawler harvester used in rice fields.
H indicates a machine for working in areas with non-chernozem soils.
One is the number of drums with which the thresher is equipped.
M is an indicator of modernized machines.

"Yenisei-1200-1M"

The combine thresher is equipped with one drum. It is used in small areas. The disadvantage is the unproductive operation of equipment in wet places. The combine has the following characteristics:

productivity 8 tons per hour;
with a mechanism weight of 9 tons;
engine – 145 hp;
header width 650 or 410 cm.

"Yenisei-1200 RM"

The thresher is equipped with different types of drums (pin and beater). The model is recommended for use on swampy soils, thanks to the caterpillar movement of the equipment, on which sunflowers, soybeans, and rice are cultivated. The machine is manufactured specifically for difficult field work. The unit is equipped with the following characteristics:

weight – 4.5 t;
header width is 500-410 mm;
The engine power rating is 150 hp.

In an hour, the combine can collect up to 10 tons of products.

Modifications “Yenisei-1200-N”, “Yenisei-1-NM”

This is the basic model. “Yenisei combine 1200-1NM” has more than average cross-country ability and has a fingerless header. The modification differs in characteristics:

engine YaMZ-236 or D-422;
wheeled chassis;
header gripping area – 5-7 m;
engine power of 175 hp;
weighing 10.81 tons;
the amount of harvested crop is 10 tons per hour.

Combine harvester Yenisei 1200 1-NM

"Yenisei-1200-NMSh"

The modification has a wheeled chassis. He specializes in harvesting rice and soybeans. The design is similar to the Yenisei-RM modification. The combine has two configurations:

A threshing unit having a pin drum.
The unit is equipped with beater and pin drums.

"Yenisei 1200NMZ"

The configuration of this type of agricultural machinery contains toothed drums. The equipment is manufactured specifically for harvesting unripe grain, which is carried out only when using toothed drums.

"Yenisei-1200-1M-17"

A distinctive feature is the operation of the auger, which re-grinds the grain. The degree of cabin insulation is non-standard (increased) in relation to other models.

Engine

The Yenisei KZS 950 received a modernized four-stroke diesel engine model YaMZ 236DK-5, which was mounted on an under-engine frame. Fuel injection was carried out directly, which indicated the absence of turbocharging. The cooling process took place using a liquid method. For this, 3 radiators were used: 2 oil and 1 water device.

YaMZ 236DK-5 had 6 cylinders arranged in a V-shape. The main shaft distributed force in 2 directions. In one direction the power went to the clutch and chopper, in the other to the pumps, fans and grain unloading auger. The transmission torque was provided by belts. At the same time, the technical side of the main elements of the engine has not undergone major changes.

Technical characteristics of the YaMZ 236DK-5 engine:

working volume – 11.15 l;
rated power – 136 (185) kW (hp);
rated speed – 2000 rpm;
cylinder diameter – 130 mm.

Specific fuel consumption was 220 kW/hour. The fuel tank capacity was 300 liters.

Description of the combine, technical characteristics

The grain harvesting unit is equipped with the following devices:

a hopper equipped with a vibration exciter;
tachometer;
stone catcher;
picker;
alarm system;
unit for threshing grain.

If the combine has special equipment, it is used for harvesting cereals, sunflowers, and legumes. The machine is produced in several models with significant differences. To study the principles of machine operation, it is possible to read the manual for using the Yenisei 1200 combine in books sold by printed publications.

Design of the Yenisei KZS 950 grain harvester

This model belongs to the 4th class self-propelled combines. Power transmission is provided by complex belt transmissions. The gearbox has a locking system and four speed settings.

Most of the system's performance is provided by hydraulics. It is this that allows you to adjust the operation of the unloading auger, changes the position of the header and makes it easier to turn the steering column. At the same time, it also participates in the operation of the wheels.

The design features and the possibility of its adjustment allow the combine to be used for harvesting grains, legumes or oilseeds. At the same time, the Yenisei 950 combine can be used both on medium-yielding and high-yielding fields. An important condition for performing work for this model is low humidity. If the humidity level increases, the Yenisei 950 combine harvester may not be able to cope with the load and will require periodic operator participation for cleaning and other types of maintenance.

The Yenisei 950 combine harvester involves the use of additional equipment to expand functionality. In this case, the reaping parts can be used in different widths: 5; 6 and 7 meters.

This model of combine is equipped with a thresher with one beater drum, which allows it to be used in fields with grain crops, sunflowers, cereals and herbs for direct and separate harvesting. The operator's cabin has a central location offset above the conveyor. The combine hopper is also located in the center of the device.

Harvesting sunflowers using a Yenisei 950 combine

Specifications

The Yenisei 1200 combine harvester has certain technical characteristics that ensure its long-term trouble-free operation. The dimensions of the Yenisei 1200 combine are expressed in the following figures:

The minimum turn is 15 m in diameter.
The length is 10,490 mm.
Its width is 7,710 mm.
Height – 3,800 mm.
The engine has 4 cylinders (12 cm in diameter).
The grain unloading speed by the auger is 17 kg per second.
The highest speed is 18 km per hour.
During grain collection, speeds range from 1 to 8 km per hour.
The cut size of the grain crop is made at the level of 5-18 cm.
The header has a reach of 6.5 m.
The drum (diameter - 5.5 m) has a speed of 1,250 revolutions per minute.
The maximum productivity of the equipment is 9 tons per hour.
Average fuel consumption per hour is 140,145 liters.
The motor power is 103 kW.
The grain bin has an internal volume of 4.5 m3.
The equipment has two engines (SMD-22 or D422-50).

The combine performs several types of work.
It is easy to find out how much the Yenisei 1200 combine weighs. It weighs 9,730 kg, which allows the modified technology to remain popular and in demand for a long period.

Engine

The majority of combine harvester models have a reliable and simple SMD-22 engine, which has proven itself:

This is standard diesel equipment with diesel injection, turbocharging, four cylinders. Each of them has a diameter of 120 mm and a piston stroke of 140 mm.
The engine has a large number of spare parts, has good maintainability, and operates regardless of the season on domestic fuel (diesel).
It is located on the roof of the threshing machine and is attached to the frame with shock absorbers.
The main engine is started by the starter.
The motor cooling method is liquid, produced by a water radiator.
Some modifications are equipped with air cooling systems (intercoolers).

The European engine quality standard is confirmed by the long-term operation of the unit. To keep it in working condition, it is important to use high-quality engine oil.

checkpoint

Modifications affect the type of combine harvester transmission. They consist of a hydrostatic or mechanical gearbox. The mechanism is classic:

It is equipped with loudspeakers and a clutch.
The mechanism is installed on inexpensive modifications of agricultural machines.

Hydrostatic (three-speed) gearboxes are produced in foreign countries. For their manufacture use:

hydraulic motor;
gear reducers;
sliding gears.

Aggregates and components of agricultural tires

The main systems of the combine include:

reel
apparatus for cutting spikelets;
breaker beater;
screw;
hinged mechanisms;
feeder;
power unit;
drum set for threshing grain;
cabin;
deco;
chopper;
straw walker;
grain bin;
fan;
sieve.

The combines have a classic chassis with steerable rear units and driven front ones.

Cabin

The machine has a large cabin, the ceiling and sides of which are stitched with soundproofing material:

The side panels include vents and seals.
The ceiling is made of soft materials.
The cabin is provided with air supply

The steering column is made by adjusting the angle of inclination.

Hydraulics

The machine is equipped with 2 hydraulic systems, which control the steering wheel and the main system. To control the stacker, reel mechanism, and header, the main system is used. It turns on the vibrator, which increases the speed at which the product is loaded. The hydraulic system is formed by:

pump;
vibrator;
safety valve.

The working fluid is pumped out of the tank through the hydraulic system into the drain.

Operator's cabin

Providing steering control

The operation of the unit is carried out by the controls of the Yenisei-1200 combine harvester with a hydraulic system consisting of:

steering wheel;
dosing pump;
pump;
cylinder;
The pump and metering unit mechanisms are connected by a cardan shaft.

Attachments:

Agricultural machines are equipped with a header that has a front mechanism that cuts the ears. Its body is attached to the camera using hinges. The design follows the contours of the field.
A chamber attached to the threshing structure.
An auger and reel are attached to the header.

In addition, various types of stackers are installed on the machine:

The mounted unit, which closes hydraulically, is equipped with a pressing mechanism and a light alarm.
The chopping and spreading mechanism, operating thanks to a V-belt drive from a motor drive, includes a metal frame and a drum to which plate knives are attached. And the spreading unit is attached to the pallet.

Reaper

The unit is one of the main working units. To ensure maximum reduction in crop loss, the designers provided for the mechanism to copy the landscape unevenness of the field. The basic combine harvester and its modifications use a header (“ZHN-10”):

Its reel is eccentric with 2 sections and five blades.
The drive operates through a clinometer-type variator with chain circuits from the gearbox.
The unit operates using four hydraulic cylinders.
Support on the ground occurs with the help of two support wheels.

Description of the model Yenisei 1200 (1200, 1200-1, 1200N)

The reaping part includes a header and an inclined chamber mounted on the thresher. The header body is hinged on the inclined chamber at three points on a central spherical hinge and two hinged spring blocks and is balanced by these springs. Thanks to this, the soil relief is copied in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The cutting apparatus, auger, reel and drive mechanisms for these working parts are mounted on the header body.

The reel is universal, with an eccentric mechanism and spring tine fingers. It is driven by a double-circuit chain transmission from the upper pulley of the reel speed variator.

The feeder chamber consists of a housing and a chain-slat conveyor. The body is pivotally connected to the receiving chamber of the thresher. The cutting apparatus has single forged steel fingers with notched liners.

The thresher includes a receiving beater, a double-drum threshing and separating device, a straw walker, cleaning, transport devices, drives and mechanisms for adjusting the working parts. The receiving beater blades are located tangentially.

The threshing and separating device consists of a first threshing drum, a concave of the first drum, an intermediate beater, a separating grid of the intermediate beater, a second drum, a concave of the second drum with a guide grid and a breaker beater. Threshing drums - beaters. The technological process of threshing and separation in a double-drum thresher occurs in two stages. The first stage of threshing of the grain mass takes place in the first threshing apparatus, the drum of which, at a reduced rotation speed and increased gaps between the whips to the concave slats, threshes the ripest, largest and most easily processed grain with minimal damage. The second stage occurs in the second threshing apparatus, the drum of which operates in a more rigid mode (increased rotation speed and smaller threshing gap).

The rotation frequency of the threshing drums is changed by a hydromechanical device. The variator of the first drum is located on the left side of the thresher, the second on the right. The variators are controlled by hydraulic cylinders from the combine operator's workplace.

The threshing and separating device is equipped with a mechanism for reverse scrolling of the first drum. Four-key straw walker. The separating surface of the first cascade of straw walker keys has been changed (unlike the keys of the SKD-6 straw walker).

The cleaning system includes a screen, a double-sieve mill with an upper sieve extension and a fan. The gaps of the sieve blinds and extension, as well as the rotation speed of the fan impeller, are adjustable. The combine (unlike the SKD-6) is equipped with a cleaning system reinforced with a wind grill. Includes new screens, extension, modified rear screen hangers. The combine thresher is equipped with a post-threshing device.

Grain and grain elevators are scraper elevators with top feed. Grain tank with increased capacity. It has distribution and unloading augers, a vibrator to speed up the unloading of grain. The hopper lid is detachable. The unloading auger is moved from the transport position to the working position and back by a hydraulic cylinder without a latch, and is equipped with a damper controlled from the operator’s workplace. The inclined part of the unloading auger has been extended. The auger drive is autonomous, directly from the engine. Mounted straw stacker, with double-acting hydraulic cylinders, with mechanical filling of the chamber and straw pre-pressing, with a capacity of 9 cubic meters. The drive of the straw filler is V-belt.

The combine is equipped with a motor unit with a four-cylinder SMD-22 engine. which includes an engine air cleaner air intake, a muffler, quick-detachable air ducts, air cooling systems, a clutch with a plate connection between the flywheel and the drive discs, and a threaded connection of oil lines to the oil cooler. The engine is installed on the roof of the thresher behind the hopper parallel to the axis of the drive wheels and mounted on the sub-motor frame on shock absorbers. Started by starter motor.

There is a drive wheel axle with a left-hand gearbox and a single-circuit variator for the chassis drive. A widened steering axle was introduced.

A cabin with a softened ceiling, a door, seals and oversized side windows is located on the driver's platform. Equipped with a soft seat and an additional folding one, a ventilation system with purified air supply, an electric windshield wiper, electric lighting, a thermos for drinking water and a first aid kit. A heater-cooler can be installed in the cabin. The ceiling and panels are covered with soundproofing material. All the main combine controls, instruments and control lights are located in the cab. The steering is hydrostatic. Steering column with adjustable tilt angle.

The electrical equipment system is single-wire, direct current, voltage 12 V. Alternating current generator with built-in rectifiers. The hydraulic system consists of two independent systems (main and steering). There is an autonomous overflow section.

The hydraulic system lifts and lowers the header and reel, moves the reel on supports, cleans the air intake, accelerates the unloading of grain from the bunker using a vibrator, moves the unloading auger from the transport position to the working position and back, changes the speed of the combine and the rotation speed of the reel, closes the stacker valve and turning the steered wheels.

Advantages and disadvantages

The machines harvest with maximum preservation of grain crops over large spaces, since they were created for large farms. Using this technique on small areas has no effect. If we compare these agricultural machines with foreign competitors, John Deere, Klaas, Sampo, Case, they lose in terms of the number of grain collected. However, they win in the main thing, economic indicators, since foreign technology for the Russian Federation turns out to be expensive. The main advantages of Siberian combines include:

The cost is much lower than foreign analogues.
Powerful engine for field work on any soil, even rough terrain.
The engine may use low quality fuel.
There is no need for special maintenance.
Tracked and wheeled models, working on various soils.
Individual modifications can harvest several types of grain crops.
Equipped with the necessary units.
Easy to repair, even in field conditions.

Krasnoyarsk technology also has some disadvantages:

It has low reliability.
There is not enough comfort in the driver's workplace.
Low effect from the operation of equipment in regions of high humidity.

It is difficult to work in such conditions for a long time.
There are advertisements on the Internet about where you can buy a used Yenisei 1200 combine harvester. Prices for agricultural machines range from 150 thousand rubles (80s) with major repairs. Later units from 2008 from 1200 to 4 million rubles. They are often sold together with spare parts and attachments. The final prices for combines depend on the availability of documents, equipment and technical condition. Facebook

Device

To fully understand how the Yenisei combine harvester is harvested, you need to know more about its structure.

The diesel engine is installed on the thresher, or rather directly on its roof. After which it is further strengthened and special shock absorption is used.
The shaft responsible for the intermediate function gives impetus to the movement of the pumps, the running gear and, accordingly, the generator.
The equipment is equipped with a 5-amp battery. The electric starter is responsible for starting the entire work process.
Due to the cylinder, which is hydraulic in this device, and the dosing pump, all activated functions of the combine are smooth.
The header is the main equipment tool.
A chamber mechanism, which is also inclined, with a header attached to it.

Reliability in fastening is achieved through hinges working in conjunction with springs, whose main function is shock absorption.