Characteristics and design features of MAZ 6312v9

Multipurpose universal carrier 6x4

MAZ-6312 is a family of heavy-duty vehicles with a 6x4 wheel arrangement; a universal platform that can be complemented by a variety of add-on options. The most widespread are MAZs of this model, equipped with an on-board platform and an awning. MAZ-6312 trucks often operate as part of a road train, with trailers, in particular, as grain carriers. Vans, tanks, CMUs and other variants of special superstructures are also installed on the MAZ-6312 chassis.

Features of design and operation

In 2009, the Minsk Automobile Plant carried out a major modernization of its popular families of cars. The changes in appearance were enough to make the appearance of Minsk cars much brighter and more modern. In addition, the updated radiator lining, bumper, side deflectors and fairings have significantly improved the aerodynamics of the cabins, significantly reduced splashing on the sidewalls, and made boarding and entry more convenient. Increased use of plastic and galvanized steel sheets has increased corrosion resistance. And the modernized dashboard, driver's seat and steering wheel made the interior more ergonomic and more convenient for work.

The cargo platform can be made in a wide variety of types. Typical cargo containers of various types can be transported on an open platform. Isometric vans are used to transport products that are not suitable for high temperatures. The body structure of channel and metal sheets is intended for use of the vehicle as a grain carrier (as a road train, together with a trailer of comparable load-carrying capacity).

The only complaint is the high loading height, which creates certain inconveniences. But in general, one cannot but give credit to the designers. The minimalistic, quite decent appearance allows us to compare the Belarusian MAZ with European “classmates” trucks.

Additional equipment includes: anti-lock and traction control systems (ABS and ASR) - they are available as standard; sensors for monitoring load capacity and axial load; power rearview mirrors; cruise control system; built-in audio system; Air conditioning is an option for an additional fee.

Video

MAZ-6312 is considered the best option for transporting various cargoes in the transit transport complex. The model is usually used as part of a road train. Drivers will enjoy the comfortable cabin, complemented by a sleeping area, making it easier to endure long journeys. The tractor is also available in a tropical version.

The scope of application of the MAZ-6312 is very wide thanks to the large range of available add-ons. When developing the car, the latest requirements in the field of reliability and safety were taken into account, which affected the quality of its elements.

Modifications of the MAZ-6312 for the Russian market were equipped with high-power power plants. The six-by-four wheel arrangement and the presence of three axles ensured uniform distribution of the cargo mass over the surface of the platform and reduced the load on each axle. In addition, this arrangement increased cross-country ability. Additionally, the vehicle was equipped with ASR and ABS systems, allowing you to stop a heavy truck on any surface and at any speed.

Currently, the MAZ-6312 series models are an excellent option for organizations involved in construction and international transportation. The affordable price of the car and high maintainability allow you to save a sufficient amount of money. In combination with a trailer, the model can transport heavy loads. At the same time, it also has a cargo compartment of increased capacity, which is not typical for truck tractors. The versatility and maneuverability of the truck allow it to be used in various conditions.

Modifications

1. MAZ-6312A8 - with a 330-horsepower diesel engine YaMZ-6582.10E3; 9-speed gearbox JS135TA9. The technically permissible carrying capacity of the vehicle is 14.05 tons; The technically permissible total weight of the road train is 48 tons. The curb weight of the car is 12.3 tons.

2. MAZ-6312A5 – with a 400-horsepower diesel engine YaMZ-6581.10E3; 12-speed gearbox JS200TA12. The technically permissible carrying capacity of the vehicle is 14.05 tons; The technically permissible total weight of the road train is 52 tons. The curb weight of the car is 12.3 tons.

MAZ-6312 log carrier with a hydraulic manipulator.

3. MAZ-6312A5-370 – with a 330-horsepower diesel engine YaMZ-6582.10E4; 9-speed gearbox JS135A. The technically permissible load capacity of the vehicle is 14.6 tons. The curb weight of the vehicle is 11.75 tons. 4. MAZ-6312W6-8421 - with a 360-horsepower Cummins ISLe360 diesel engine; 12-speed JS135A gearbox. The technically permissible carrying capacity of the vehicle is 14.28 tons.

5. MAZ-6312V9-420 (430.470) – with a 412-horsepower YaMZ-651 diesel engine; 16-speed gearbox ZF S2520TO (available options: JS200TA(14), TMZ 14.180(12). The technically permissible total weight of the road train is 56.5 tons.

Main features of a truck • The driver is obliged

• in the process of design development

Other technical characteristics in numbers (common to all modifications)

• Overall dimensions of the car: length – 7.3 m; width – 2.48 m; height – 2.66 m; wheelbase - 4.4 m.
• The external overall turning radius of the vehicle is no more than 10.6 meters.
• The volume of the fuel tank is 500 liters of diesel fuel.
• Tire size – 315/80R22.5.
• Load distribution: front axle – 7.5 t, rear axle – 19 t, gross vehicle weight – 26.5 t.
• Refueling capacities: engine lubrication system – 32 l; cooling system – 48-50 l; gearbox - 7.5 l; final drive housing, middle axle and rear axle – 13 l (in each mechanism); power steering – 6.5 l; washer fluid reservoir – 10 l; cabin suspension system – 0.75 l; transfer case housing - 4.5 l.
• Internal dimensions of the cargo platform: length - 7.750 x width - 2.48 m x height of standard tilt structure - 2.45 m.
• The volume of the platform with a standard canopy design is 49 cubic meters, the platform area is 20 square meters, the sides are steel in the base.
• Recommended trailers produced by the Minsk Automobile Plant: trailer MAZ-870100-1010 and its modifications, trailer MAZ-870110-1010 and its modifications, trailer MAZ-837810-014 and its modifications.

MAZ-6213 grain carrier.

MAZ-6312 engines

YaMZ-6582.10E3 , like YaMZ-6581.10E3 , is an eight-cylinder liquid-cooled diesel engine with a V-shaped cylinder arrangement, 4-stroke, with direct diesel fuel injection, turbocharging and air-to-air intercooling of the charge air. The fuel supply system is manufactured by YAZDA: high-pressure fuel pump (HPF) 179-20 type “Kompakt-40” with a microprocessor electronic control system. There is a set of sensors: crankshaft speed, charge air pressure and temperature, coolant temperature, diesel fuel temperature, degree of air filter clogging.

Structurally, the engine is based on the Yaroslavl “classic” - the YaMZ-238DE2 engine with common cylinder heads. It differs in a number of technical characteristics due to the installation of electrically controlled fuel equipment with a Compact-40 injection pump and an electronic regulator. As well as changes in the design of a number of engine components and parts, with a closed crankcase ventilation system.

The power of this engine is 243 kW / 330 hp, at a speed of 1900 rpm; the working volume is 14.86 liters. Cylinder diameter – 130 mm; piston stroke – 140 mm. The compression ratio is 17.5:1. Maximum torque – 1274 N·m (130 kgf·m), at 1100-1300 rpm. The minimum specific fuel consumption is 200 g/kWh (147 g/l.h.). Overall dimensions: length 2300 mm / width 1045 mm / height 1100 mm. Motor weight – 1645 kg. In the YaMZ-6581.10E3 modification, the power is increased to 294 kW / 400 hp, and the maximum torque is increased to 1766 N m (180 kgf m).

YaMZ-651 - belongs to the family of modern heavy six-cylinder in-line diesel engines YaMZ-650 with a displacement of 11.12 liters, licensed for production by Yaroslavl Motor. Compared to the 8-cylinder YaMZ-6581.10, which is similar in characteristics - the successor to the “veteran YaMZ-238”, the YaMZ-651 has almost 38% higher liter power, 2.4% lower fuel consumption, 260 kg less weight and 5 .5% more torque. Thanks to the in-line, rather than V-shaped arrangement of the cylinders, it simplifies the installation of equipment necessary to comply with the current environmental standards of the European Union: Euro-4 and Euro-5 (the engine is based on the previous generation Renault engine, so it initially complied only with “ Euro-Z").

YaMZ-651.

The power of this engine is 303 kW / 412 hp. Maximum torque – 1911 N m (195 kgf m), at 1200-1400 rpm. Motor weight – 1150 kg. The service life before major repairs is 15,000 hours, or 1,000,000 km. The YaMZ-651 engine is equipped with a Common Rail fuel supply system manufactured by GRS Bosch, with a maximum injection pressure of 1600 bar, and a cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system with a catalytic converter. Yaroslavl gearboxes in tandem with YaMZ-651 are not installed on MAZs, opting for imported 16-speed units from ZF.

The Cummins ISLe360 8.9 is a turbocharged inline six-cylinder diesel engine with a displacement of 8.9 liters and an output of 265 kW / 360 hp. (at a rotation speed of 2100 rpm). This is a time-tested power unit, tested on trucks of many brands in the world, as well as on other energy-intensive equipment. This diesel engine has proven to be an extremely reliable engine. In addition, it is significantly lighter in weight than most comparable power units, and is also known as the “quiest” in its class.

The Cummins ISLe360 8.9 is equipped with a powerful HX-40 turbocharger with an adjustable exhaust tract. It provides maximum torque at low revs and high power output at high revs. An additional power take-off shaft is provided to drive auxiliary equipment. Electronic engine control (fuel system type: CommonRail) allows you to achieve excellent engine performance, achieve high fuel efficiency, and provide perfect diagnostics and control.

The monolithic cylinder head is equipped with an integrated intake manifold and fuel delivery system. The air-to-air charge air cooling system provides an increase in power and a reduction in harmful emissions into the surrounding atmosphere. The environmental standard of these Cummins diesel engines is Euro-4 and Euro-5.

The maximum torque is 1550 Nm, at a speed of 1400 rpm. Cylinder diameter: 114 mm. Piston stroke: 145 mm. Compression ratio: 16.6±0.5:1. Garabite dimensions: 1150 mm – length; 890 mm – width and 1020 mm – height. The net weight of the Cummins ISLe360 8.9 engine is 707 kg.

Fuel consumption of YaMZ-236 and 238 engines

For many decades, the Yaroslavl Motor Plant has been producing irreplaceable and unparalleled engines YaMZ 236 and YaMZ-238. Such popularity of motors is explained by their reliability and maximum maintainability. The units are installed on special equipment belonging to the class with a large load capacity. This includes MAZ, ZIL, agricultural machinery, Kamaz, etc. Over several decades, a large number of modifications of engines of this brand have been produced, so today they can be installed on both used and recently released vehicles.

Let us immediately note that regardless of the specific purpose of the special equipment on which the YaMZ-236 or YaMZ 238 engine is installed, fuel consumption will remain an important indicator when purchasing a device for replacement or installation on new equipment. It seems that there is nothing difficult about finding out what expenses are provided. The manufacturer always notes this information in the technical description. However, for some reason the real indicators turn out to be erroneous.

Fuel consumption per 100 km , meaning not what is indicated in the instructions, but real, depends on many factors:

• changing speed limits when vehicles move;
• the type of roads along which vehicles most often travel, for example, if the movement is uphill, the load on the engine increases, and fuel consumption increases accordingly;
• wear of the motor and components;
• fuel quality;
• vehicle weight. If, for example, the URAL is heavier than the tractor, then the consumption in the first case will be greater;
• temperature and climatic environmental conditions;
• serviceability and integration of systems of the entire engine compartment and other vehicle components.

Transmission

Inexpensive and fairly reliable JS gearboxes, produced by the Chinese companies Shaanxi / Shaft, have been purchased by the Minsk Automobile Plant since 2006 and are used on many models of MAZ trucks. They have proven themselves well, but, of course, ZF boxes look preferable.

Gearbox ZF 16S2520TO (number of gears 16 forward / 1 reverse), manufactured by German (“ZF”). Such mechanical 16-speed gearboxes have passed repeated and serious tests of time. They excel in difficult operating conditions, at low speeds, where precision control is critical. The verified European standard of ZF gearboxes allows you to achieve perfect synchronization with a diesel engine of any brand. Refers to a series of gearboxes with a double intermediate shaft. ZF gearboxes are known for being highly reliable and durable in use.

The ZF 16S2520TO gearbox consists of the following main components: a main four-stage gearbox, a front two-stage gear divider and a range factor. All forward gears in the main gearbox are activated by synchronizers, and the reverse gear is activated by a gear clutch. The highest gear is overdrive. The multiplier is planetary and is automatically switched using a pneumatic valve by a synchronizer when the lever is moved in neutral from the 3-4 gear position to 5-6 and vice versa. The gear divider is mechanical and consists of two pairs of cylindrical gears and a synchronizer. The divider control is pneumatic. The weight of the gearbox is 290 kg. Maximum torque – 1850 N.m.

Fuel consumption per 100 km MAZ 6303

Currently discontinued, but remains in demand in many farms due to its high load resistance, productivity and relatively low cost. They were probably the reason that the Minsk Automobile Plant produced a whole series of diverse modifications of the model with the indexes A5-320, A5-321, A5-326, A5-329 and A5-335.

Suspension and chassis of MAZ-6312

The front suspension of the car is leaf spring; rear suspension - four-cylinder pneumatic, with anti-roll bar. The wheels are disc, tires have a standard size of 315/70R22.5. The brakes are drum, equipped with ABS - anti-lock braking system, as well as traction control. The brake system is equipped with a pneumatic drive.

Cabin MAZ-6312

MAZ acquired a modern cabin with European level of comfort and equipment earlier than KamAZ. After restyling in 2009, all trucks of the MAZ-6312 family are equipped with spacious double and double-berth cabins, with comfortable modern adjustable seats. These seats are available in two versions: with air suspension or with four-point sprung mounting. The steering column is adjustable in two planes. The steering of the MAZ-6312 is exceptionally simple and convenient, thanks to the hydraulic power steering. The cabin has numerous compartments and shelves for things and documents, as well as a convenient tool box.

The use of modern materials has made it possible to significantly strengthen the heat, vibration and sound insulation of the truck cabin. During the cold season, a comfortable air temperature for work is quickly achieved and well maintained here. The noise and vibration loads of the engine do not bother you while traveling: in the MAZ-6312 cabin you can talk without raising your voice.

Comfortable operation

One of the most important advantages of the technology in question is its comfort. Despite its massiveness and large load capacity, this truck is very easy to maneuver.

Power steering does all the hard work. The steering wheel can be turned even with one hand while driving - it gives in easily and without jerking.

The MAZ-6312 cabin is extremely comfortable. It has a very large amount of free space, so both the driver and the passenger can comfortably sit in it.

two sleeping places available The length and width of the shelves will allow even people with non-standard anthropometric parameters to rest comfortably.

The seat is equipped with a special mechanism for adjusting it. Therefore, even a short person can drive the truck without difficulty - the steering wheel has the ability to mechanically adjust the position.

There is no need to reach for all sorts of buttons and levers. The instrument panel is located directly in front of the driver. The steering wheel spokes are thin enough not to obscure the readings of the sensors on it.

The basic configuration of the cabin includes springs under each seat, heated seats, and seat belts . During operation, the first thing the driver notices is the almost complete absence of noise inside.

We reviewed the technical characteristics of the Ural-63685 car in the following review. In the article we talked in detail about the BAW Tonik truck.

By clicking on the following link https://spez-tech.com/tehnika/gruzovie-avto/isuzu/elf-harakteristiki-i-raznovidnosti.html, you will find out the speed and other technical characteristics of the Isuzu Elf car.

The designers paid close attention to this point, which is why driving the MAZ-6312 is very comfortable and convenient. The cabin is made of metal, but thanks to special insulation it does not heat up in the summer and does not cool down in the winter.

Reviews from owners and drivers

There are only good reviews about all the engines that MAZ-6312 cars are equipped with: their power is quite enough for any operating conditions, the traction is confident, with a reserve, and the car demonstrates acceptable diesel fuel consumption. Unpleasant moments are associated with the faulty assembly of the car and some indicators of its reliability.

“At 3000 km the check light started to light up. Diagnostics showed that the EGR valve is faulty. Tell me, is this normal? It would be fine for another 30 thousand km, but not for 3 thousand. The officials threw up their hands and offered to sew it up to Euro-2. I didn't like this idea. At 10 thousand km, the front heater (heater) stopped working. Fortunately, by that time it was warmer outside and I didn’t have to urgently repair it. Then, at about 15 thousand km, problems began with the cooling hoses - they fell off twice, and both times I had to buy 30 liters of coolant. And recently clicks have appeared - mainly on uneven surfaces. I examined everything I could, but found nothing. There is a suspicion that this sound is made by the springs,” says one of the owners.

Some owners and drivers criticize the cabin, which, although quite modern, still does not reach the level of comfort and equipment of similar European-made cars. The paintwork is called insufficient quality, the brakes are weak, and the electronics are tight.

Absolutely all owners criticize the headlights of these cars. Not only for poor lighting, but also for the fact that water gets into them. Therefore, often right at the car dealership, when buying a car, dealers immediately offer to buy other, good headlights. Those who refuse very soon find out from their own experience what this proposal meant - moisture gets into the headlights, they fog up, and then the reflectors gradually begin to peel off and the cartridges begin to rust. Attempts to combat this phenomenon (with sealant, hair dryer, etc.) take time and do not always give the desired result.

The vehicle's cross-country ability is not bad, especially considering that this is not an all-terrain vehicle, but a long-haul asphalt truck. It easily overcomes both loose snow and moderate mud. With handling, everything is also in order - it holds the road normally - both normal and winter - snowy. “Off-road, on snow and ice, with good tires, the MAZ-6312 feels confident, but due to glitchy electronics, it’s somehow dangerous to send it to distant places where there is no specialized service,” says one of the owners. .

It is puzzling and indignant that many machines come from the factory unstrung - we have to check almost every connection ourselves. But this still needs to be done at the factory, during assembly. In terms of price, the MAZ-6312 is relatively inexpensive, at least significantly cheaper than its European classmates. But it requires more attention, and minor annoying breakdowns happen much more often. According to one of the carriers, “I also have a Mercedes, a Daf and an Iveco Yu. Yes, these cars also require regular attention, but this attention began after 600 thousand km, and the MAZ-6312 had already been sorted out by 250 thousand km, one might say.”

Conclusion. The driver is obliged

Let us remind you that the cars of this brand have an eight-speed gearbox with a divider, due to which the number of gears increases to sixteen. If you are one of those people who is tired of living the life of a simple worker, you want to change something, but don’t know how, then this material is just for you.

Cost of the MAZ-6312 car

In 2022, the price of a new MAZ-6312 truck starts at: 4,150,000 rubles – chassis; 4,430,000 – flatbed truck; 4,400,000 – tented; 4,950,000 – “grain truck” version, with a dump body for double-sided unloading; 5,000,000 – with a refrigerated van; 5,150,000 – tank truck (fuel tanker); 5,800,000 – with a powerful “scrap/metal truck” body.

Used cars of this model are widely represented on electronic bulletin boards. Prices range from 1,200,000 to 3,000,000 rubles, depending on the year of manufacture, technical condition and equipment.

Loading platform

The standard version of this truck is equipped with a metal cargo platform with folding sides. Additionally, the design of such a body can be equipped with an awning frame that protects the transported cargo from external factors. The length of the structure is 7300 millimeters and the width is 2480. The height with the awning is 2450 millimeters.

A similar platform, but without an awning, has a modification equipped with a crane-manipulator installation. Thanks to the presence of such a device, you can independently carry out loading and unloading operations.

Among other superstructures for the MAZ-6312, tank trucks, vans, dump bodies, grain trucks, log trucks, timber trucks and many others, including truck cranes and concrete mixers, are offered. All this made it possible to significantly expand the scope of application of this truck.