Tractor Belarus-1523: review, technical characteristics and features

The MTZ 1523 tractor model came out of the production lines of the Minsk Plant in 2009. The development of the model was the result of a set of improvements and upgrades to the MTZ 1221 tractor. The purpose of creating the machine was to maintain a competitive position in the global tractor market, as well as to produce a universal high-performance machine with wide use, including all types of soil cultivation and agricultural work, plus the use of the tractor in municipal, construction and other industrial sectors. The use of hydroelectric drives in the design of transmission units and machine equipment made it possible to improve the ergonomics of tractor control and its operational performance. The frame of the machine has a traditional semi-frame design of a wheeled tractor. MTZ 1523, 1523V became the two basic versions of the series. The 1523B machine is designed for long-term use in reverse mode. It features an additional reverse control station with a swivel operator's seat and redundant controls: clutch, fuel supply, brake, rear steering column. The subsequent evolution of the model in modification 1523.3,1523В.3,1523.4,1523.5 is to increase the environmental standard of the machines.

The tractor belongs to the third traction class with power from 148 to 155 hp. depending on the model modification. With its performance and use in wide-cut tillage units, the machine successfully competes with tractors of a similar class of the KhTZ T-150, T-150K brands. At the same time, the fuel consumption of the MTZ 1523 is 30% less, and the machine also differs significantly in the level of comfort and ergonomics of the operator’s workplace.

Lubrication table

Position number on the maintenance diagram	Name of lubrication points	Name, brand and designation of the standard for lubricants and liquids				Number of lubrication points	Lubrication frequency, months
		Lubrication during operation at temperatures		Refueling during operation, l	Lubrication during storage (up to 6 months)		basic	substitutes
		from -40°С to +5°С	from +5°С to +50°С
21	Diesel crankcase	Motor oil: Basic
		M-8DM GOST 8581-78	M-10DM GOST 8581-78	12,0	12,0	1	500
		Duplicate
		M-8G2K GOST 8581-78	M-10G2K GOST 8581-78,	250
		M-10G2 modernized TU 38.401-58-169-96	500
27	Fuel pump	Motor oil, the same as in a diesel crankcase		0,25*	-//-	1	When installing a new or repaired pump
37	Air cleaner tray	Pre-settled and filtered used motor oil		1,5	1.5	1	500
22	Power transmission housing	Basics				1	During seasonal maintenance
		Transmission oil TAp-15V; TSp-10; TSp-15K GOST23652-79		40	40
		Duplicate
		Transmission oil TAD-17 and GOST 23652-79
11	Wheel gear housing (Belarus 82R)	Same	Same	3,7	3,7	2	Same	Same
24	FDA wheel reducer housing	-//-	-//-	1,8 (2,0)**	1,8(2,0)**	2	-//-	-//-
24	FDA housing	Same	Same	1,6 (3,7)**	1,6 (3,7)**	1	-//-	-//-
24	Housing of the upper conical pair of FDA (82.1)	-//-	-//-	0,25	0,25	2	-//-
24	Intermediate support for FDA drive	-//-	-//-	0,15	0,15	1	-//-
Drive pulley	-II-	-II-	0,50	0,50	1	-//-
26	Hydraulic unit housing and power steering unit	Basics
		Motor oil M-10G2 modernized TU 38.401-58-169-96
		M-8G2K GOST 8581-78	M-10G2K GOST 8581-78
		Duplicate
		Industrial oil “Hessol Nudraulikoil”; "Bechem Staroel No. 32", HLP 32, I-3A GOST 20799-88		21.5 (UK) 17.5 (m/g cable)	21.5 (UK) 17.5 (m/g cable)	1	-//-
23	Power steering building	Same	Same	6,0	6,0	1	-//-
31	Clutch release bearing	Main lubricant: “Litol-24” GOST 21150-75 Backup lubricant: “Bechem” LCP-GM multi-purpose, plastic		4-6 injections with a syringe (0.02)	4-6 injections with a syringe (0.02)	1	125
Front wheel hub bearings	Same		0,4	Same	2	During seasonal maintenance
32	Front axle steering knuckle	-//-		10-12 injections with a syringe	-//-	2	500
34	Adjustable Brace Gear	-//-		1	1000
35	Rear linkage rotary shaft bushings	Same		Until grease appears from the gaps	-//-	2	1000
35a	Tie rod joints	Same		0,015	-//-	4	500
HSC hydraulic cylinder joints (if installed)	Same		Same	-//-	250
36	Bearings of the FDA king pin axle with planetary spur gearboxes	Same		0,03	0,03	4	125

* At temperatures from -15°C to -20°C, dilute up to 30% of the filling volume with spindle AU GOST 1642-75 or industrial I-12A GOST 20799-75 oils.
At temperatures down to -55°C, dilute up to 15% of the filling volume with winter diesel fuel. ** Filling tanks for FDA with planetary helical gearboxes are given in parentheses.

Note: If in winter there is no motor oil of the required grade, it is allowed to use summer grades of oil with the addition of 15% (by weight) of winter grade diesel fuel.

The MTZ 1523 tractor model came out of the production lines of the Minsk Plant in 2009. The development of the model was the result of a set of improvements and upgrades to the MTZ 1221 tractor. The purpose of creating the machine was to maintain a competitive position in the global tractor market, as well as to produce a universal high-performance machine with wide use, including all types of soil cultivation and agricultural work, plus the use of the tractor in municipal, construction and other industrial sectors. The use of hydroelectric drives in the design of transmission units and machine equipment made it possible to improve the ergonomics of tractor control and its operational performance. The frame of the machine has a traditional semi-frame design of a wheeled tractor. MTZ 1523, 1523V became the two basic versions of the series. The 1523B machine is designed for long-term use in reverse mode. It features an additional reverse control station with a swivel operator's seat and redundant controls: clutch, fuel supply, brake, rear steering column. The subsequent evolution of the model in modification 1523.3,1523В.3,1523.4,1523.5 is to increase the environmental standard of the machines.

The tractor belongs to the third traction class with power from 148 to 155 hp. depending on the model modification. With its performance and use in wide-cut tillage units, the machine successfully competes with tractors of a similar class of the KhTZ T-150, T-150K brands. At the same time, the fuel consumption of the MTZ 1523 is 30% less, and the machine also differs significantly in the level of comfort and ergonomics of the operator’s workplace.

Description of the MTZ-1523 model

The MTZ-1523 tractor was developed for different weather conditions and soils of different structures. An analogue of the 1523rd model is the Belarus-1525 version. The predecessors of the agricultural unit were low-power versions of MTZ-82 and MTZ-1221.

Based on the basic model MTZ-1523 with a traction class of 3 tf, several modifications have been developed that differ in the power of the installed engines, fuel consumption, and some design features:

Model, indicators	1523B	1523.3	1523.B3	1523.4	1523.5
Engine power, hp	148	150	150	150	153
Diesel environmental standard	Stage 0/ Stage I	Stage II	Stage II	Stage IIIA	Stage IIIВ
Transmission	Sync. 24forward/ 12ago	Sync.	Sync.	Sync.	Sync/hydro Mechanical
Model features	Reversible control station for long periods of reversing	Stage II	Reversible control station for long periods of reversing	Stage IIIA	Stage IIIВ

Specifications

Total information
Structural weight, kg	5700
Weight as shipped from the factory, kg	5800
Operating weight, kg	6000
Maximum permissible weight (total), kg	9000
Base, mm.	2760
Dimensions, mm	4710x2250x3000
Front wheel track (min), mm	1540
Front wheel track (max), mm	2115
Rear wheel track (min), mm	1520
Rear wheel track (max), mm	2435
Smallest turning radius, m	5,5
Ground clearance, mm	380
Agrotechnical clearance of the tractor under the sleeves of the front and rear axle shafts, not less than, mm	620
Front tire sizes	420/70R24
Rear tire sizes	520/70R38
Specific ground pressure, kPa	150
Fuel tank capacity, l	130
Additional fuel tank capacity, l	120
Movement speed: transport; working, km/h max	32.380001; 14.92
Engine
Brand	MMZ
Model	D-260.1S
Type	4-stroke, diesel with turbocharging and intercooling of charge air
Number of cylinders	6
Cylinder diameter, mm	110
Piston stroke, mm	125
Working volume, l	7,12
Rated rotation speed, rpm	2100
Rated power, kW (hp)	114 (153)
Maximum torque, N.m	596
Torque reserve factor, %	15
Specific fuel consumption at operating power, g/kWh	227
Specific fuel consumption at rated power, g/kWh	220
Electrical equipment
Generator nominal power, kW	1.15
Rated voltage of electrical consumers of the on-board electrical network, V	12
Rated voltage of the electric starting system, V	24
Transmission
Clutch	constantly closed
Transmission	mechanical, synchronized, stepped
Gear shift	synchronized clutches
Number of gears: forward/reverse	16/8 or 24/12 (on request)
Travel speed, km/h: forward/backward	1,7-32,3/2,7-17,1
Rear PTO:	independent, two-speed, with hydro-mechanical control system
independent I, rpm	540
independent II, rpm	1000
synchronous, rpm path	3,8
Power at the rear PTO in 1000 rpm mode, kW	100
Front axle
Bridge type	Solid beam
Wheel gear type	Planetary-cylindrical
Differential type	Self-locking
FDA drive	Cardan shaft
FDA control	Electro-hydraulic with three operating modes
Rear axle
Bridge type	Composite
Wheel gear type	Planetary
Differential type	Lockable, conical, closed
ZM drive	Constant
Brakes
Workers	Disc, operating in oil
Rear wheel workers	Disc, operating in oil
Parking	Disc, operating in oil
Rear wheel parking	Disc, operating in oil
Pneumatic drive for trailer brake control	Single wire, interlocked with brakes
Cabin
Type	Cylindrical, with a protective rigid frame
Heater	+
Additional seat	upon request
Steering
Type	Hydrovolumetric
Swing mechanism type	Two hydraulic cylinders and steering rod
Hydraulic mounted system (HNS)
GNS rear	+
— type of rear GNS	Separate-aggregate
— load capacity on the hinge axis of the lower links of the rear/front hydraulic pump, kgf	6500/2000
Hydraulic system
Pump type	Gear
Pump displacement, cm3/rev	32
Maximum pressure, MPa	20
Pump capacity, l/min	55
Hydraulic system capacity, l	35
Chassis system
Type	Wheeled
Wheel formula	4K4

Dimensions

The overall dimensions of the agricultural unit are quite impressive and are LxWxH: 4710x2300x3000 mm. The structural weight of the Belarus tractor without fuel and technical fluids is 5.8 tons. Track parameters: rear wheels - 1800 mm, front wheels - 1610 mm. Base 2850 mm.

Engine

Belarus MTZ-1523 is equipped with a productive 155-horsepower six-cylinder eco-friendly turbocharged diesel engine of its own production. Cooling is dual-circuit liquid with a radiator. Thanks to an oil-liquid heat exchanger, the oil is cooled, the thermal regime is regulated by thermostats and a fan. Thanks to the spacious fuel tank, autonomous operation of 1.5-2 shifts is ensured.

Engine MTZ-1523

Transmission

Speeds are switched in a manual transmission using synchronized clutches: 16 forward/8 reverse in 4 ranges. The tractor is able to operate effectively in reverse mode for a long time. The forward speed range is 1.73-36.30 km/h, in reverse mode: 2.72-17.1 km/h. The tractor's clutch is a friction double-disc, permanently closed, reinforced design with a hydrostatic drive.

Gearbox control

Chassis

The wheel arrangement of the tractor is 4x4, the chassis is all-wheel drive, a special ballast is placed on the front beam, which improves the maneuverability and controllability of the agricultural unit. The front axle has an improved design and is equipped with planetary-type wheel reducers. The rear axle has a locking differential. The ground clearance is 380 mm, which allows you to successfully carry out certain agricultural and other work.

The front wheels of the Belarus tractor are slightly smaller than the rear wheels: 420/70R24, the rear wheels - 520/70R38. The track size is adjustable: front wheels 1540-2115 mm, rear wheels 1520-2435 mm. Due to the equipment of the unit with wide-profile tires, the pressure on the soil is within the acceptable limits for equipment of this class of 150 kPa. Thanks to its small turning radius of 5.5 m, the MTZ-1523 tractor is considered a highly maneuverable machine in this category.

Cabin, controls

The tractor is equipped with an ergonomic sealed cabin, which is designed and manufactured using the latest technology. Modern design, comfortable interior lining, comfortable safety spherical windows, protective screen - on a comfortable adjustable seat with excellent all-round visibility, the driver is reliably protected from noise, vibration and temperature changes. In terms of comfort, the tractor cabin is no worse than the interior of a car.

Cabin MTZ-1523

Special rear-view mirrors, electric windshield wipers, heating, air purification and ventilation, a convenient control panel, powerful lighting equipment - the tractor driver has comfortable working conditions in the workplace, and is not afraid of any natural disasters.

To control the MTZ tractor, the following elements are used:

• steering wheel
• speed and range shift levers
• control units: differential lock, front axle connection, hydraulic suspension system, PTO
• pedals: clutch, fuel supply, brake system
• parking brake handle
• levers for switching the hydraulic system distributor and PTO modes.

The dashboard contains sensors and indicators that monitor the operating parameters of all Belarus tractor systems.

Hydraulics

To control additional implements with increased lifting capacity, an electro-hydraulic system based on Bosch-Rexroth technology is used. Thanks to automation, it is possible to work in three adjustment modes: positional, force, mixed.

Without leaving the cab, the operator can adjust soil processing parameters, perform various manipulations and settings, and control attachments.

The load capacity of the rear implements is 6.5 tons, the maximum weight is 9 tons. Thanks to the synchronization of the braking systems of the tractor and trailed equipment (dry three-disc brakes with hydrostatic control), it is possible to reduce the braking distance by 1.5 times. The optimal characteristics of the independent power take-off shaft allow the connection of additional devices at two frequencies: 1000/540 rpm.

Installation of additional implements is carried out using a universal mounted system at the rear of the machine. The drive is carried out from the PTO, and the operation of the pneumatic systems is ensured by the pneumatic system of the agricultural unit.

The Belarus 1523 tractor can be easily combined with a variety of mounted and towed devices of the native brand and from other manufacturers:

Disc harrow

Forage harvester

Three-row hiller

Plow PKM 6-40R (with spring protection) Semi-trailer

Round baler

Rotary mower

Seeder Stubble cultivator

• plows 4, 5, 6 furrows
• trailers and semi-trailers, tractor, dump, special
• sowing units
• stubble seeder-cultivator
• dotted seed drills
• pneumatic seeders
• trailed forage harvester
• platforms for transporting feed
• cultivators of various modifications
• harrows
• distributors and scatterers of mineral fertilizers
• mowers of various modifications
• baler
• special equipment.

Engine

The tractor is equipped with a turbocharged six-cylinder diesel power unit D-260 with a cylinder operating order of 1-5-3-6-2-4. The abbreviation “1S2” in the modification of the unit indicates that it is equipped with intermediate cooling of the air inflated by the turbine. The motor is operated with a reserve factor of the rated torque of 15-25%. The engines are equipped with six-plunger in-line fuel pumps of the Motorpal brand, manufactured in the Czech Republic or Yazda, Russia. The unit is also equipped with two types of turbochargers of the brand “Turbo” - Czech Republic and OJSC “BZA” - Belarus. Automatic regulation of the thermal regime in the cooling system is carried out by two thermostats.

Modification	Engine make	Power hp	Fuel consumption g/kWh	Environmental standard
1523	D-260.1	148	227	stage I
1523B	D-260.1	148	227	stage I
1523.3	D-260.1S2	150	250	stage II
1523.3B	D-260.1S2	150	250	stage II
1523.4	D-260.1S3A	150	250	stage III A
1523.5	D-260.1S3B	153	222	stage III B

Transmission and chassis

The power transmission of torque from the engine to the tractor transmission is provided by a dry double-disc permanently closed clutch with a hydromechanical drive. The gearbox is mechanical, synchronized constant mesh with 16 forward gears and 8 reverse speeds, providing forward speeds in the range of 1.74-32.58 km/h and reverse speeds of 2.73-15.61 km/h. The unit has four forward shift ranges with four speeds in each range and two reverse ranges with the same number of speeds. The power of the tractor and the layout of the tractor transmission allows towing a load of up to 15 tons on a slope of up to 12̊.

In the custom configuration, a box of a similar type is installed with 24 forward gears and 12 reverse speeds, providing forward speed in the range of 1.7-36.3 km.h. and reverse speed in the range of 2.5-17.1 km.h. The unit has four ranges of six speeds in each range and two ranges of reverse speeds with six speeds each.

The rear axle has a traditional design:

• main gear bevel with helical teeth
• differential lock
• final drives with pairs of spur gears
• planetary final drives

Front drive axle of portal type with removable sleeves:

• main gear bevel with helical teeth
• final drives with planetary spur gearboxes

The FDA drive is carried out from the gearbox through an electrohydraulic-controlled friction clutch and cardan transmission. Automatic control is carried out by an electro-hydraulic distributor. The chassis of the tractor with a rigid frame suspension is equipped with pneumatic tires measuring 420/70R24 on the front wheels and 520/70R38 on the rear. It is possible to pair the wheels on the rear drive axle of the vehicle using a spacer. The minimum turning radius of the tractor with braking is 5 meters. The height of the clearance allows you to ford with a depth of up to 0.85 meters.

Equipment

Belarus 1523 is equipped with:

• four pairs of outlets for hydraulics, as well as a drain outlet without pressure;
• a towing device whose height can be changed;
• pendulum type tow hitch;
• cross member;
• single-line pneumatic system.

On request, the tractor can be equipped with:

• air conditioning;
• burst couplings that quickly release;
• second seat in the cabin;
• spacers, with the help of which the rear wheels are doubled;
• manual gearbox;
• front power take-off shaft;
• automatic hitch;
• hinged front mechanism.

Brakes, steering and PTO

The car has eight disc brakes operating in an oil bath. Drive - hydrostatic interlocked with pneumatic drive of the trailer. Parking brake with a mechanical drive of wet friction connected to the main brake mechanism of the tractor.

The rear two-speed PTO MTZ 1523 operates in an independent mode with rotation of 540 and 1000 rpm. and in synchronous mode 3.8 and 6.2 rpm of path. Upon request, the tractor can be equipped with a front PTO with independent drive.

The hydrostatic steering is equipped with: a left-hand rotation gear pump with a displacement of 14-16 cm3 per revolution providing a pressure in the system of 16 MPa, a gerotor-type metering pump with a capacity of 160 cm3/rev. The turning mechanism is equipped with two 50x200mm hydraulic cylinders.

Hydraulics

The MTZ 1523 hydraulic system is equipped with an integrated block of the BOSCH brand, which provides power, positional and mixed position control of agricultural machines. The system's gear pump NSh-32-3 is of right rotation with a maximum capacity of 55 liters per minute, providing a pressure of 20 MPa. The BOSCH integrated block includes a four-position three-spool valve and an electro-hydraulic spool regulator HER-23LS, operating from an on-board electrical network with a voltage of 12 volts. The mounted system is equipped with a pair of hydraulic cylinders Ts90x250. Before installing the integral unit, the tractor was equipped with a BOSCH distributor and a BOSCH EHR4 regulator. The tractor is equipped with a lift-type towing device TSU-3V, adjustable in height.

Cabin structure

The design of the MTZ 1523 cabin ensures comfortable work for the operator. It is equipped with:

Salon MTZ 1523

• protective steel frame;
• spherical safety glass providing a wide view;
• air-heating heating system;
• excellent sound insulation;
• sun blinds;
• convenient side levers;
• electric glass cleaners that allow you to work in the rain;
• rear view mirrors;
• A comfortable seat with a backrest that can be adjusted in height.

An important element of the cabin layout of the Belarus 1523 tractor is the accessibility of all control levers. When switching to reverse mode, the operator's seat easily rotates 180 degrees. The dashboard contains indicators for monitoring all components and the MTZ 1523 control panel. Switches for controlling additional systems are located in the upper part of the cabin.

Electrical system and equipment

The on-board electrical system has a voltage of 12 volts, the starting one is 24 volts. The tractor is equipped with two parallel-connected batteries with a voltage of 12 volts and a capacity of 120 A/h each. Discharge current when starting the engine is 880A. A generator with a built-in current rectifier and voltage regulator supplies a voltage of 14 volts. On tractors with a D-260.1 engine, a unit with a power of 1150 watts is installed, and with a D-260.1S2 engine, a generator with a power of 2000 watts is installed.

The lighting and light signaling system of the machine includes:

• pair of front road headlights with low and high beam
• four working front and four rear lights
• two front marker lights with turn signal
• rear marker lights with turn signal and stop signal
• license plate light, road train sign light
• cabin lamp, hazard warning lights

The audible alarm system is triggered when the oil pressure in the engine decreases, the operating temperature of the engine increases, and the pressure in the tractor pneumatic system drops. To connect towed machines to the tractor's electrical system, it is done through a nine-pin combined socket.

Control and signaling devices of the operator’s place of work:

• voltage indicator with additional battery charging alarm
• fuel level indicator with reserve level alarm
• coolant temperature indicator with alarm for emergency temperature rise
• engine oil pressure indicator with alarm pressure level alarm
• air pressure indicator in the pneumatic system with emergency pressure level alarm
• oil pressure indicator in the machine's transmission hydraulic system
• high beam alarm
• tractor and trailer turn indicator
• parking brake light
• air filter clogged lamp
• HPI oil pressure lamp
• liquid level monitoring lamps in the main cylinders
• foot for engaging differential and FDA locks

The combined indicator is equipped with indicators:

• arrow speed indicator
• arrow indicator of engine speed
• illuminated PTO speed indicator with colored segments

Aggregation

The tractor has wide application possibilities in soil-cultivating units and other agricultural machines, and is also used for attaching special drive equipment to the tractor on the rear and front linkages.

Aggregated storage car	Specific resistance of average soils kN/m, at a speed of 5 km/h	Machine working width
Ploughshare plow	12-14	2-2,5
Disc harrow	1,6-2,1	Up to 12
Ploughshare hoe	6-10	3-4
Cultivator	1,6-3	To 10
Seeder	1,2-1,8	Up to 12
Reaper	1,2-1,5	Up to 15
Trailed combines:
silage harvesters	2,6-3,3	Until 3
beet harvesters	6-12	Until 3
potato harvesters	10-12	Up to 2.7
A change in speed of 1 km/h changes the resistivity by up to 1%

Advantages and disadvantages

The production of the machine, its subsequent operation and maintenance are focused on the economic trend of the general globalization of the world market. High-tech machine components require repairs in the manufacturer’s service network, which has the appropriate specialized material base and personnel qualifications. The MTZ 1523 tractor is a complex, high-tech machine that requires appropriate professional training and operator qualifications.

The engine of the machine is equipped with a powerful radiator that eliminates overheating at maximum speeds and loads. Taking into account the additional fuel tank, the tractor has a sufficient standard fuel capacity. The work place has convenient placement of controls and good noise and dust insulation providing comfort. The cab with spherical glazing provides maximum visibility to the driver of the car. The rear linkage of the tractor is equipped with a sufficient set of universal coupling and traction devices for quick and reliable connection with the machines used.

The release of the MTZ 1523 machine is the result of the company’s strategy of participation in the formation of the global market for agricultural machinery. The course is confirmed by certification of all manufactured equipment in accordance with European Union standards. In 2000, the Minsk Tractor Plant confirmed the level of production quality by receiving a document of conformity according to ISO-9001. World standards were confirmed by a certification audit carried out by the German company TUV-Thuringia.

MTZ 1523 is a universal wheeled agricultural tractor designed to perform a fairly wide range of work. The model is used to prepare the soil for sowing, sowing, processing seedlings, and helps with harvesting and transporting it. In addition, the MTZ 1523 tractor is in demand in industry, construction, forestry and public utilities.

The production of this equipment is carried out by the Minsk Tractor Plant and is intended for operation in different climatic and soil zones.

TRANSMISSION OIL FOR MTZ TRACTOR GEARBOX

Transmission oil is a lubricant used to lubricate gearboxes, transfer cases, main gears of drive axles, steering mechanisms with gear and chain drives of all types.

The marking is made by combining the first letters T (means transmission). According to GOST 17479.2-85, in the designation of gear oil it is allowed to use the abbreviation TM and numbers that indicate a certain group of oil containing additives and viscosity classes. For example, TS-3-1N means gear oil belonging to the third group and fourth viscosity class.

COMPOSITION AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES To produce gear oil, extracts of petroleum (remaining after selective cleaning) and distillate oils are mixed with anti-wear and extreme pressure additives containing phosphorus, chlorine, sulfur and molybdenum disulfide.

Changing the oil in the tractor gearbox

Until the time when cars appeared, which were characterized by highly loaded transmissions, nigrol (TEP-15) was used to lubricate the above units.

The viscosity of TM ranges from 6-20 mm²/s at a temperature of 100 °C. For open gears, it is advisable to use oils with high viscosity additives (from 50 to 500 mm²/s at 100 °C).

For drive axles and hypoid transmissions, hypoid oils must be used. They contain additives that begin to interact with the material and create compounds that form extreme pressure coatings. The use of oils not intended for hypoid gears is strictly prohibited. The reason for this is the high probability of failure of the unit.

The key functions of transmission oil are to lubricate the internal components of the transmission and provide heat dissipation.

Typical operating temperatures: from -40 to +150 °C. Within the established temperature limits, the lubricant has a high viscosity index and good fluidity, due to which it can be used for equipment operating in severe frost conditions.

Because gear oil lubricates the internal mechanisms of the gearbox, it must be resistant to oxidation and foaming. If the latter happens, it will lose its thermal conductivity, and air plugs will disrupt its lubricating properties.

Transmission oils can have 2 types of base: mineral or synthetic. Mineral-based oils are less resistant to temperature changes and should be replaced more frequently. Synthetic ones have better performance characteristics. According to experts, they can be mixed to obtain average values. It is important to take into account that the final mixture must have a homogeneous structure with transparency and the absence of any impurities. Otherwise, you should avoid using it to avoid damage.

HOW TO CHOOSE AND WHAT TO PAY ATTENTION Any equipment and various mechanisms must be lubricated regularly. The same statement applies to agricultural machinery. High-quality tractor spare parts with proper lubrication will ensure extended service life. In addition, the wear of components will be significantly reduced. For MTZ tractors, you should choose transmission oils recommended by the manufacturer, which, in accordance with the standards, have certain physical and chemical properties.

When choosing the right type of lubricant, you should take into account the type of gearbox. After this, it is recommended to pay attention to viscosity indicators. The climatic conditions in which the tractor will operate play a huge role. Experienced drivers take into account the SAE classification when choosing. If the tractor will be used in hot summers, then you need to choose class 140 SAE. For moderate climates, SAE class 90 is suitable.

Oil changes are usually carried out at intervals of 60 thousand kilometers, regardless of wear of parts. In this regard, the use of seasonal oil in our latitudes is unprofitable from an economic point of view and it is recommended to replace it with all-season oil.

GENERAL RULES FOR LUBRICATION OF TRACTOR ELEMENTS As is known, the service life of a tractor depends on whether all rubbing parts are properly and promptly lubricated with the required grade of oil. All lubrication parts should be filled with the oil and within the period indicated by the tractor manufacturing plants on the metal plates mounted on the body, or in the attached printed instructions. Ignoring these rules may trigger negative consequences.

The use of high-viscosity TM in transmission mechanisms can lead to the fact that during rapid rotation of gears, lubricant will not have time to get between the rubbing parts. Thus, strong resistance to internal friction forces will lead to a decrease in transmission efficiency.

When changing the oil in MTZ tractors, you need to ensure that dust, dirt and other foreign bodies do not get in. When filling with liquid oil, they most often use a mug with a spout, a blower, a mechanized oil filler and a piston syringe.

If there is not enough oil in the tractor, further operation should be stopped until the situation is corrected.

The lubricant should be stored in a clean container that is tightly closed with a lid. It must be signed, indicating the name and variety. Do not leave the container open, as this may cause contamination with mechanical impurities or water ingress.

OIL CHANGE Replacement procedure in a gearbox with fluid couplings:

First you need to unscrew the plug and drain the waste oil, then put the cap back in its original place. Fresh TM should be filled through the filler filter. First of all, fill the tank, then the gearbox itself until the liquid level reaches the middle of the measuring glass. A special hole is used for filling. In this case, a supercharger and a threaded tip are used, which are supplied with the tractor. Replacement in manual transmissions and other transmission units:

First of all, you should unscrew the plugs from the transmission housings and pour out the used lubricant, then return the plugs to their place. Now the washing liquid is poured there. Then start the engine and wash the units while the tractor is moving for three to five minutes. The tractor is stopped and the engine is turned off. At this stage, new oil should be poured into the crankcases. In this case, special superchargers are used. Places that require the supply of thick lubricant are equipped with grease fittings and channels. Each grease fitting requires a certain amount of lubricant. If the lubricant does not pass into the bearing due to contamination of the channels, they must be cleaned with a hydraulic punch. To do this, unscrew the grease nipple and screw in the hydraulic punch fitting in its place. It is filled with oil and, with the help of a pressure screw, it passes through clogged channels and cleans them. In this situation, the lubricating fluid has a pressure of 80 to 100 MPa.

The damaged thread where the oiler was placed is repaired with a tap.

If the tractor is operated at low temperatures, the parts must be lubricated immediately after stopping operation so that they do not have time to cool down. The oil will then flow more intensively to the lubricating parts.

History of creation

The MTZ-1523 tractor was developed and produced by the open joint-stock company Minsk Tractor Plant. This company owns the well-known Belarus brand.

a number of changes were made :

• a cabin of increased comfort with a durable frame;
• front axle of improved design;
• modern shape of the hood and fenders.

The climatic design of the U1 v model in accordance with GOST 14254-96 ensures the possibility of outdoor operation in almost any region of the Russian Federation.

Features of the package

The areas of use of MTZ-1523 are very wide. It is suitable for work in the agricultural and livestock industries, construction and urban utilities.

Wide range of operating possibilities is due to the possibility of using various additional equipment to expand the functionality of the tractor. You can complete the car with:

• mounted, semi-mounted and trailed equipment;
• cleaning complexes;
• mechanisms for loading and unloading, etc.

However, special equipment can only perform work effectively if it is in exceptionally good condition. Therefore, it is extremely important to ensure timely maintenance and replacement of worn components and parts.

Specifications

"Belarus-1523" belongs to the category of energy-rich vehicles with a traction class of 3 tf. The tractor has a classic layout with a front longitudinal engine, which is mounted on a frame in front of the cab and covered by a hood with removable sides.

The power transmission is located directly behind the power unit and consists of:

1. The clutch is a dry type, double-disc with hydrostatic drive.
2. Manual transmission.
3. Rear axle with locked differential.
4. Front axle of portal type with wheel reducers of planetary-cylindrical type.
5. Power take-off shaft for driving attachments.

The tractor chassis consists of front and rear wheels of different diameters. MTZ-1523 is equipped with dry three-disc brakes with hydrostatic control; actuators are installed on the drive gears of the final drives. Changing the direction of movement is carried out by turning the front wheels using hydrostatic steering.

Engine

The MTZ-1523 “Belarus” tractor is equipped with a six-cylinder in-line turbocharged diesel engine of its own production.

The power unit of the D-260.1 model has the following technical characteristics:

1. Working volume – 7,120 cm3.
2. Engine power:
3. Nominal - 155 hp. or 114 kW.
4. Operational - 148 hp. or 109 kW.
5. Specific fuel consumption – 161.8 g/hp ×h.
6. Crankshaft speed:
7. Nominal - 2100 rpm.
8. Maximum – 2275 rpm.
9. Idle speed – 800 rpm.
10. Maximum torque – 587 N∙m.
11. Diesel weight without operating fluids is 650 kg.

The power unit is equipped with a three-stage air cleaner. The engine can be equipped with one of two turbochargers of the TKR-7 or S2A “Schwitzer” K27 brand, which provides air injection into the cylinders. Starting is carried out by an electric starter using an aerosol device.

Preliminary pressure in the fuel line is created by booster pumps with an eccentric drive; at the stage of preparation for launch, a piston pump is used. The tractor is equipped with two diesel fuel tanks with a total volume of 270 liters. One of the tanks is located under the cabin floor, the other is on the right side.

The cooling system is a dual-circuit liquid type with a radiator installed in front of the power unit. The antifreeze circulation is ensured by a centrifugal pump; the thermal regime is maintained by two thermostats and a fan with a viscous coupling.

lubrication system is combined with a gear oil pump. Oil purification is carried out using a centrifugal unit and a filter element. Cooling of the liquid lubricant is carried out by a built-in heat exchanger, which is built into the engine.

Transmission

The choice of driving mode is carried out using a synchronized manual gearbox with constant mesh gears.

The gearbox has 16 forward gears, distributed between 4 ranges. In reverse mode, there are eight gears, which are equally divided between two ranges.

Main elements of the gearbox:

• housing with crankcase;
• hydraulic system;
• control mechanism;
• low gear shaft;
• gear block;
• transmission unit;
• intermediate shaft.

The parts in the gearbox are lubricated with transmission oil located in the crankcase. The gearbox oil is changed periodically in strict accordance with the operating instructions.

The power unit and transmission allow the tractor to reach speeds from a minimum of 1.74 to a maximum of 32.58 km/h when moving forward and up to 15.61 km/h when reverse. This allows the tractor to be used for a wide range of agricultural operations.

Chassis (transmission) and controls

The MTZ model 1523 tractor is equipped with a working and parking brake system. The actuators are installed on the drive gear shafts of the final drives.

The service brakes are divided into right and left and are operated by two pedals using a hydrostatic drive.

The parking system is activated by a fixed lever using independent mechanical rods. There is a pneumatic drive for the brakes of the trailer or towed equipment, the compressor of which is also used to inflate tires.

The transmission of the MTZ-1523 tractor is mechanical and includes the following elements:

1. The clutch is a dry double-disc clutch, permanently closed. The control is a pedal, the drive is hydrostatic.
2. Rear axle, the design consists of a main gear, a differential with a locking function, two final drives and final drives.
3. The front axle, the drive axle, is in the form of a cast beam, in which there is a main gear housing with drive and driven gears.

The chassis of the Belarus-1523 tractor is highly reliable and easy to use. The wheels are mounted on hubs, the design of which allows changing the track of the agricultural machine. On the front axle, the distance is increased or decreased by rotating the disk 180°, on the rear axle - by moving the unit along the axle shaft. To improve cross-country ability, it is possible to install dual wheels.

Steering

tractor "Belarus" hydrostatic, which can significantly reduce the effort when performing maneuvers.

The system consists of the following elements:

• dispenser pump;
• double-rod working cylinder;
• pump driven by a diesel engine and hydraulic system;
• oil containers with fine filter.

The mount is designed in such a way as to be able to control the movement of the tractor in reverse mode from the rear operator's workplace.

Documentation

Therefore, refueling of diesel fuel is not required during the work shift. In addition to the main control post on the tractor, there are control posts on the instrument panel, the top panel of the cab roof, the pedal for controlling the clutch and suspension-type brakes with hydrostatic boosters in the drives.

There is a large capacity oil tank.

Without leaving the cab, the operator can adjust soil processing parameters, perform various manipulations and settings, and control attachments. Cooling of the oil inside the structure is carried out through the use of an oil-liquid heat exchanger, which is mounted in the housing.

The Belarus MTZ engine is equipped with a powerful, powerful six-cylinder, environmentally friendly turbocharged diesel engine of its own production. Minimum ground clearance - mm. Control occurs using a friction clutch with an electric-hydraulic drive.

More on the topic: Kuhn on MTZ-80 do-it-yourself drawings

Trade marks

The tractor has 3 pairs of free outlets for servicing hydraulic equipment using the attached high-pressure hoses. Gear and range shift levers.

Total weight - kg. Availability of spare parts and low cost of repairs. Indicators are concentrated here: gearbox oil pressure;. It is interlocked with tractor brakes.

MTZ 1523 | 02-Controls

The characteristics of the tractor provide the latter with good cross-country ability and the ability to ford a depth of up to 0.85 m. There is a large-capacity oil tank.

The agricultural machine has good maneuverability: the minimum turning radius is no more than 5 m when braking the rear inner wheel. The brakes are disc brakes and operate in oil. Electrics The generator produces a power of one kilowatt, the rectified voltage value is 14 volts. New tractor, MTZ 1523! Duty!

Device

Confident control of the tractor under any load is ensured by hydraulic steering, which includes a metering pump and two differential hydraulic cylinders, as well as ballast weights installed in front of the tractor.

Thanks to the BOSCH microprocessor control module built into the hydraulic system of the model, the machine works effectively with any additional equipment, regardless of its position relative to the tractor body. The tractor's hydraulic circuit with a capacity of 35 liters is powered by a pump with a capacity of 55 liters per minute.

Hydrostatic brakes attached to the main gears of the final drives operate in a container with oil.

The hydromechanical synchronized transmission unit of the stepped type with 16 forward and 8 reverse gears and a dry double-disc clutch allows the transition between speed ranges without interruption of torque.

Overall weight indicators and dimensions

The tractor belongs to the category of middle-class agricultural machines. MTZ-1523 “Belarus” has the following overall dimensions and weight parameters:

• The length in the transport position of the rear suspension system is 4710 mm.
• The width at the ends of the rear wheel axle shafts is 2250 mm.
• Maximum height – 2960 mm.
• Base – 2850 mm.
• The track on the front wheels is 1610 mm, on the rear wheels – 1800 mm.
• Minimum ground clearance – 388 mm.
• The weight of the tractor without operating fluids and fuel is 5800 kg.
• Total weight – 7200 kg.

Performance characteristics

The MTZ 1523 Belarus tractor belongs to the 3rd traction class of machines designed for energy-intensive work over large areas. It has a classic layout with overall characteristics, in mm:

• length – 4710, with a hinged mechanism – 5795;
• medium width – 2250;
• height – 3000, with climate control – 3165;
• wheelbase – 2860;
• ground clearance – 380.

The MTZ 1523 tractor in operation
MTZ 1523 Belarus is also characterized by:

• operating weight – 6250 kg;
• maximum permissible weight – 900 kg;
• turning radius – no more than 5 m;
• fuel tank capacity - 250 l.

Tractor MTZ-1523 - electro-hydraulic circuit

The technical characteristics of MTZ 1523 ensure its versatility in use. The Belarus 1523 tractor stands out among other models in this class:

• improved design and increased comfort at work;
• hydraulic control system for the operation of attachments;
• high-quality reverse gearbox, allowing the tractor to operate in shuttle mode.

Steering metering pump for tractor MTZ-1523

Modifications

The manufacturer is constantly working to improve the base model and offers several versions of the tractor. Currently, the consumer is offered five modifications:

• MTZ-1523V "Belarus" . The main difference from the base model is the presence of a reversible control post, which is used when performing work with the tractor moving in reverse for a long time. It is equipped with a gearbox with an increased number of gears to 24 – forward and 12 – reverse.
• MTZ-1523.3 "Belarus" . Equipped with a diesel engine model D-260.1S2 (environmental standard Stage II). Rated power – 150 l. With. with specific fuel consumption – 250 g/(kWh).
• MTZ-1523V.3 “Belarus” is a version of the tractor with a reversible control post and a D-260.1S2 power unit.
• MTZ-1523.4 "Belarus" . A D-260.1S3A engine was installed, brought to the Stage IIIA environmental standard. The power unit has increased torque to 660 Nm.
• MTZ-1523.5 "Belarus" . Equipped with a diesel engine model D-260.1S3В, rated power 153 hp. with reduced fuel consumption up to 222 g/(kWh). The engine meets the requirements of the European environmental standard Stage IIIB.

Minsk Tractor Plant is modernizing its products in accordance with market needs. There is a clear tendency to make changes to the engine design in connection with the tightening of environmental requirements for agricultural machinery. The manufacturer's engineers are working to improve the ergonomics of the operator's workplace.

Application

MTZ tractors combine all the main qualities of successful equipment. They are very easy to use and operate, reliable and low maintenance. The company also specializes in the production of attachments, special models of tractors for working in the forest and various agricultural works.

The BELARUS-1523 tractor, produced by the Minsk Tractor Plant, is a general-purpose agricultural wheeled tractor that ensures the operation of machines as a basic energy source. MTZ-1523 is capable of performing a variety of tasks. It can be used for sowing grain crops, harvesting grass and straw, arable work, and for cultivating and harvesting row crops. The aggregation of machines is carried out using mounted three-point and towing devices as part of machine-tractor units.

Basic faults and repairs

One of the priority features when choosing a MTZ Belarus tractor is the ability to quickly perform the necessary repairs in the field. During the operating period specified by the manufacturer, the unit is characterized by stable operation, regardless of the intensity of use. The maintainability of components and mechanisms is quite high.

According to numerous reviews from machine operators, the price-quality ratio is optimal. And malfunctions and breakdowns are most often caused by improper operation, negligence in work, illiterate maintenance, and incorrect use of attachments.