The set of methods of exploration geophysics is called logging. Wells are explored using geophysical equipment designed for repeated use. The self-propelled logging hoist belongs to the auxiliary equipment for geophysical research.
Purpose and features
The logging hoist performs lifting and lowering operations during the development of gas and oil fields up to 7000 m deep, as well as exploration of injection wells.
The PKS lifting device has the following equipment:
- mechanical, hydraulic and electric winch drives;
- two- and one-section winch drum;
The PKS is attached to the chassis of Ural and KamAZ vehicles.
A lifting machine is used to transport machinery and equipment for research. The lifts have the following features:
- possibility of operation at low and high temperatures;
- equipment works in conjunction with laboratory stations;
- the ability to work comfortably in winter due to heated vans;
- adjustable speed of lifting winch;
- recording of operating data and parameters;
- the machines have innovative software.
The factories also produce modular self-propelled stations. They are designed for inspecting wells during drilling.
The self-propelled station consists of the following equipment:
- devices and meters that serve as sensors of geophysical parameters;
- ground units that record sensor readings;
- winch for lifting and lowering operations in a well.
Non-self-propelled
Non-self-propelled logging machines (PKN) are used when carrying out lowering and lifting manipulations to probe wells for the presence of gas and oil up to 7000 m deep. The cable diameter should be no more than 36 mm. Such a unit (PKN) is installed on a frame in the form of a sleigh or on a separate structure.
Non-self-propelled lift parts:
- frame;
- hoisting control system;
- hoisting unit (SPA);
- depth, speed and cable tension meter;
- set of spare parts and accessories.
Lifting machines are operated at ambient temperatures of -45…+50ºС and air humidity of 80% at +15ºС.
One of the large manufacturers of non-self-propelled logging machines in a constant-temperature van on helicopter suspensions and sleds is the Mytishchi Instrument-Making Plant.
The PKN-3.5M lift (helicopter version) is used when carrying out lowering and lifting operations during geophysical exploration in drilling rigs, which are made for oil and gas production at a depth of 4000 m.
The diameter of the logging cable that is wound on the drum is 12.5 mm. The cable traction force on the first 2 rows of winding the winch drum is 60 kN. The winch drive type is mechanical. The winding speed on the drum is 8500 m/h. Engine type - diesel D-243. The engine cylinder displacement is 298 liters. The maximum engine torque is 4.75 Nm.
Dimensions:
- width - 2500 mm;
- height - 3100 mm;
- length - 6500 mm.
The weight of the fully equipped unit is 8290 kg.
The lifting capacity of the helicopter suspension (which is used on Mi-26 helicopters) is no more than 10,000 kg.
The logging lift, non-self-propelled, of the sled type (PKN-3.5E) has an electric drive. Transported to the work site by helicopter. Geophysical logging of gas and oil wells up to 3000 m deep is carried out with equipment of this type.
The lifting logging non-self-propelled unit (PKN) has explosion protection and is manufactured with an electro-hydraulic winch drive. Used for work on offshore platforms. It lifts and lowers by cable the main technological instruments for working in wells up to 7 km deep.
Explosion protection class - Zone ll. PKN is approved by the Maritime Register of Shipping. The lift has a control and monitoring system for the work performed, as well as a dashboard for measuring the depth and rate of tension of the geophysical cable.
The lift has 3 compartments:
- laboratory;
- LPK drive compartment;
- compartment for LPK, technological complex and auxiliary equipment.
The laboratory compartment is equipped with a control panel for monitoring and controlling lifting and lowering operations.
The lifting machine is operated at an ambient temperature of -40…+40ºС and air humidity up to 90% at +30ºС. The vehicle has a spare explosion-proof engine.
The PKN-3.5G logging hoist is a container-type equipment with an autonomous power supply system. Delivered to the workplace by helicopter. It is used when carrying out hoisting operations in a well up to 3500 m deep. If necessary, this unit is equipped with a sled and placed on a container ship. It can be used as a self-propelled lift.
Non-self-propelled lifts are distinguished:
- mechanical strength;
- smooth movement of the lifting cable;
- with great effort;
- possibility of power supply from an external unit;
- stability.
Logo ru
Description
Scope of application: geophysical research in prospecting, exploration, production wells and work on the development and control of the development of oil and gas fields.
Tasks to be solved: carrying out a set of geological and geophysical measures in the well.
Lift body
The lift body is divided into two compartments: laboratory and lifting unit (hereinafter referred to as SPA) compartment. The body frame is welded steel or lightweight aluminum. The body painting is carried out after additional coordination of the body color scheme with the customer. The body ensures long-term operation in off-road conditions.
The body has a noise and thermal insulating partition separating the laboratory compartment and the spa compartment with a window. The window is sliding, equipped with a protective grille on the side of the SPA compartment.
The body has underbody boxes equipped with latches and locks, in which are installed:
- compartment for transporting a shipping container with radiation sources, with an opening from the top;
- onboard current generator;
- tool box.
The body is equipped with a rear bumper with a folding step, equipped with metalwork yews, which are secured in a special hatch when driving.
PKS - laboratory compartment
The laboratory compartment is of increased comfort and is made isothermal, soundproofed, has two external windows with double glazing and adjustable sun blinds.
The PKS is equipped with a microclimate maintenance system that ensures the temperature in the laboratory compartment over the entire operating range of ambient air temperature (air conditioning, exhaust hatch, heating from the engine cooling system, variable power fan heater up to 2 kW).
The PKS control system includes:
- instruments for monitoring the operation of the car engine (oil pressure, coolant temperature, battery charging current);
- a device for monitoring the speed of movement of the geophysical cable, the depth of descent of the device into the well, and cable tension; measured parameters are displayed on light digital indicators;
- device for setting boundary values of depths and tension;
- a device for stopping (including emergency) a car engine;
- engine speed controller;
- controls for lowering and lifting equipment.
The control system includes speakerphone communication.
The laboratory compartment provides space for a recording complex.
SPA compartment
The SPA compartment contains:
- drive winch;
- a cable laying device and a measuring system (a three-roller measuring system that includes tension sensors, depth quantization steps and a depth mark sensor) for the cable being used and reliable fastening in the transport position.
- hanging and measuring roller;
- fire extinguisher;
- spare wheel;
- wheel chocks;
- container for transporting downhole instruments.
Self-propelled
The PKS logging hoist is designed for professional use when working with various types of wells and complies with the main certification systems.
PKS-5
The self-propelled logging hoist PKS 5 is manufactured for work in the field. Used when carrying out lowering and lifting operations at a depth of 5000 m.
PKS-2
The PKS 2 lifting machine on the Ural, GAZ-33081, KamAZ chassis with 4x4 (6x6) wheels is used for lowering and ascent operations at a depth of up to 2 km and for drilling wells using a logging cable, the diameter of which is no more than 20 mm.
The LGK (SPA-2) winch is equipped with a braking system, which makes braking smooth and reliably holds the downhole tool at the necessary stops. The force on the brake handle is no more than 150 N. The winch automatically lays the cable on the drum.
PKS-3.5
Designed for lowering and lifting operations with wells with a depth of 3500 m. The power indicators of the equipment are average.
PKS-7
Lowering and lifting operations using the PKS-7 lift are carried out in wells up to 7000 m deep. The lift body consists of 2 compartments (laboratory and winch).
PKS-12
Suitable for working with the deepest wells - up to 12 km. This lift can also be used in a horizontal position.
Purpose, main parameters and characteristics
logging hoist (hereinafter referred to as the hoist) is designed for carrying out tripping and hoisting operations in the field during geophysical surveys in oil and gas wells up to 5000 m deep when working with a load-carrying geophysical armored cable with a diameter of 12.5 mm, according to the ST EAGO-010 standard -01.
The lift is installed on the chassis of off-road vehicles of the URAL type and is available in 4 versions:
| Slanted body | Straight body | |
| Car chassis URAL 43203-41 | I – Version PKS-5-1 | II – Version PKS-5-2 |
| Car chassis URAL 4320-1952-40 | III – Version PKS-5-1D | IV – Version PKS-5-2D |
Type of climatic version UHL 1 according to GOST 15150.
Main parameters and characteristics
1.1. The PKS-5 lift meets the requirements of technical specifications and a set of documentation, according to PKS –5.00.00.000.
1.2. The lift is completed in agreement with the customer.
1.3. Dimensions:
| Dimensions, in millimeters | I Sp. | II Sp. | III Sp. | IV Sp. |
| Length, no more | 8310 | 8310 | 9320 | 9320 |
| Width, no more | 2500 | 2500 | 2500 | 2500 |
| Height, no more | 3790 | 3700 | 3790 | 3700 |
1.4. Lift weight kg, no more:
I version – 14900; II version – 14850; III version – 18570; IV version – 18520.
1.5. The capacity of the winch drum is (5200 ±10) m of armored cable brand KG-75-180-1 ST EAGO –010-01.
1.6. The maximum traction force of the cable on the first two rows of reeling on the drum is at least 60 kN.
1.7. The traction force of the cable in the first rows of winding on the drum at the maximum speed of cable movement is not less than 14 kN.
1.8. The range of cable speeds at the average diameter of winding on a drum is from 80 to 8500 m/h.
1.9. The lift remains operational at ambient temperatures ranging from minus 40 to plus 40°C and relative humidity of no more than 90% at a temperature of plus 30ºC.
1.10. The lift equipment is powered from an external power supply with alternating current with a frequency of (50±1) Hz at voltages ( )V.
1.11. The lift winch has a braking system that provides smooth braking when lowering the downhole tool into the well and its reliable retention during necessary stops, while the force on the brake handle is no more than 150 N.
1.12. The design of the lift ensures automatic laying of the cable on the winch drum without vacuuming the coils and winding coil onto coil with the ability to adjust the winding pitch using a manual remote device.
1.13. The lift is equipped with a logging control panel on which the following is installed:
— cable tension indicator; — indicator of the depth reached by the downhole tool; — indicator of the speed of movement of the cable with the downhole tool.
1.14. The intercom provides reliable two-way audio communication with logging laboratory personnel, and a loudspeaker device for transmitting information to personnel at the wellhead.
1.15. Illumination of the driver's workplace is at least 60 lux.
1.16. The automatic anti-drag blocking system provides sound and light signals at a distance of 50 m when the downhole tool enters the wellhead.
1.17. The automatic tension locking system provides sound and light signals when the force on the cable is (14–60) kN.
1.18. The design of the winch provides for the possibility of lowering the cable into the well either forcibly or under the influence of its own weight. Free descent of the cable (with a load of 60 kg) into the well with the drum unbraked and the transmission turned off is ensured from a depth of no more than 200 m.
1.19. In terms of the appearance of the coatings, the external painting of the lift body complies with GOST 23852. The color painting is selected from light tones.
1.20. The lift operator's cabin is splash-proof with rain intensity up to 0.3 mm/min.
1.21. The lift doors open and close freely. Latches and locks keep doors closed while the vehicle is moving. The doors are locked in the open position.
1.22. The lift has no failures or damages when driven along country dirt roads or cobblestone roads over a distance of 400 km at a speed of (30 - 60) km/h.
1.23. Duplicate engine control devices are installed in the winch compartment. The car's pneumatic system is sealed.
1.24. The lift has places for fixed placement of downhole instruments with their protection from impacts during transportation, as well as places for placement of suspended and guide blocks, control and measuring sensors and other auxiliary equipment with the corresponding units for their fastening.
1.25. Electrical wires and cables in the lift are protected from possible damage to the integrity of the insulation, especially around sharp edges.
1.26. Electrical insulation resistance of lift circuits under normal conditions is not less than:
— for collector electrical circuits – 50 Mohm; - for other electrical circuits - 20 Mohm.
1.27. The microclimate maintenance system ensures the temperature in the driver's cabin is plus (20 ± 5) ° C throughout the entire operating range of ambient air temperatures.
On caterpillar tracks
In connection with the expansion of the oil industry, the need arose to search for new oil deposits. For this purpose, a crawler-mounted machine has been developed, which is used for geophysical and geological research in wells located in impassable and swampy areas.
Specifications:
- length - 8150 mm;
- width - 2780 mm;
- height - 3260 mm;
- cable diameter - 8.3 mm;
- exploration depth - 1000 m.
Such equipment has a winch and laboratory compartments.
