Rules and recommendations for choosing oil for a MAZ car

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26.03.2020

The MAZ rear axle gearbox is designed to reduce the speed in the transmission, as well as transmit torque to each drive wheel. The differential is located in the gearbox housing. It is responsible for the proportions of torque distribution.

Viscosity level

Manufacturers offer gear oil for the rear axle, which has different viscosity ratings. Manufacturers comply with international specifications that apply to gear oil. The recognized unified classification SAE J306 has been used throughout the world for a long time. It was developed by scientists from America. It is important to familiarize yourself with all the parameters and indicators that index the viscosity level of transmission oil.

If the manufacturer indicates the letter W with the marking, then gear oil can be poured into the rear axle all year round. It will not freeze when the temperature drops and there is severe frost. The absence of a designation indicates a product for the summer period. It is important to remember that gear oil is divided into seasons, so you need to pay attention to this parameter when choosing.

Manufacturers began to produce thickened or all-season products. It differs in chemical composition. The marking is indicated by the corresponding index.

How to make the right choice?

To choose oil for the rear axle gearbox, you need to take into account important recommendations and tips. It is important to read the manufacturer's recommendations. It is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the rear axle. If the oil is chosen incorrectly, the parts will wear out faster and fail.

There are other important recommendations:

Thanks to these recommendations, drivers will be able to choose the right oil for a MAZ truck, ensure the normal functioning of the units, and also extend their service life.

Suspension and chassis parameters

The MAZ 5337 is equipped with an improved suspension system. Semi-elliptical springs are attached to the front suspension, to which hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers are connected. The rear axle is also equipped with two semi-elliptic springs and springs with sliding ends.

The wheel design is discless, with steel hubs. The size of the tires installed on it is 11.00R20. The characteristics of the braking system describe it as multi-level, which is driven by a pneumatic drive, facilitating the driver’s actions. Pneumatics provide separate braking of the front and rear wheels. The brake system, as follows from the characteristics, consists of:

Front spring MAZ-5337

• service brakes with a drum mechanism and cam release devices;
• a pneumatic parking brake, which is activated in the rear wheel chambers;
• spare brakes for extreme situations;
• auxiliary brakes that slow down engine speed;
• a combined system that includes trailer brakes when moving as part of a road train.

Features of changing oil in the rear axle gearbox

Transmission oil needs to be changed every 35 thousand km. mileage This is the main requirement for a MAZ truck, which is operated under heavy load conditions. It is important to regularly check the level as well as the condition.

If the oil drops below the recommended value, it must be replaced. Other factors can be identified that indicate deterioration in the characteristics of the lubricant:

These signs indicate that water has entered the oil or additives that perform important functions have been destroyed. The transmission oil in the rear axle gearbox is changed immediately after the trip so that it is warmed up. All work must be carried out on an inspection pit or a spacious overpass.

To fill the rear axle gearbox with oil, it is recommended to use a special supercharger or lever grease fitting. These devices can be purchased at specialized automotive stores. They are replaced with a large plastic syringe, on which an elastic tube is placed and tightly fixed. It is recommended to carry out work on changing the oil in the rear axle gearbox in the summer.

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Areas of use

Thanks to such characteristics as compact size, high maneuverability and low fuel consumption, MAZ 5337 is widely used in many areas of the economy, for example:

• for transporting goods on any route, including in urban conditions;
• transportation of bulk cargo and packaged goods;
• cargo transportation at logging sites.

Installing specialized equipment on the chassis of the MAZ-5337 vehicle allows it to be used:

• in repair work of public utilities;
• on construction sites with crane equipment;
• with manipulators when laying communications;
• when extinguishing fires;
• tanks for transporting various liquids;
• at airfields in the form of fuel tankers.

Special modifications of the MAZ 5337, adapted to low temperature conditions, operate in the Far North at gas and oil industry enterprises.

What kind of oil to pour into the lubricant box. Caring for the Yamz gearbox. Wheels and tires

In the summer, for MAZ engines, a universal oil option can be called DS-11, as well as M12 made on its basis and its variation M12V, and M10V will also do. In winter (as soon as the temperature drops below +5°C) it is worth switching to DS-8 with the required percentage of additives. The engine will not suffer even if you use Dp-11 in summer and Dp-8 in winter with low-sulfur diesel fuel.

The exact timing of replacements is calculated for each car separately, but the standard according to which the oil is changed in a MAZ (engine) is considered to be when the first replacement is carried out after the first 5 thousand kilometers, and all subsequent ones are done at intervals of 10,000 km.

The replacement itself is performed in the following sequence:

We drain the “working off”; — fill in the flushing oil and let the engine run at low speeds for 25 minutes; — drain the flushing oil; — change the oil filter; - add fresh oil.

For most MAZ models, the oil in the axle is the same as in the gearbox, although some cars “like” more specifics. For example, the box and bridge of the 6422 “prefer” TAD17 or TM5. But, we repeat, it’s worth trying and finding instructions specifically for your car, and ours will try and find the oil you need.

For correct and durable operation, machine components must be lubricated on time, so we will look at what and how much oil should be poured into a KamAZ gearbox with and without a divider.

The amount of oil in the old-style KamAZ gearbox - five-speed without a divider - is 8.5 liters. Checking the lubricant level should be done as often as possible and at least once a month. Once a year, a complete oil change should be carried out in the KamAZ gearbox, provided that the mileage does not exceed 90 thousand kilometers. When this figure is reached, replacement must be performed earlier. For vehicles operating in difficult conditions, this figure is halved. This is due to the rapid depletion of oil life with frequent gear changes, as well as long-term operation in low gears. The oil in the KamAZ gearbox is checked using an indicator attached to the filler plug. In speed distribution mechanisms produced by ZF-KAMA, level control is carried out through control holes located on the crankcase.

Do you need a KAMAZ gearbox?

The presence of a divider increases the amount of oil used in the KamAZ gearbox. Ten-speed gearboxes require 12 liters of gear oil. Replacing it is a simple process, so most drivers know how to change the KamAZ gearbox oil.

This procedure is performed as follows. First, the filler plug is unscrewed. Then the two drain plugs at the bottom of the crankcase are unscrewed. In units equipped with a divider, the plug should be unscrewed from its crankcase. Before draining, you need to start the engine and warm up the oil to reduce its viscosity. Because drain plugs have magnets to trap metal particles, they should also be thoroughly cleaned.

History of creation [edit | edit code]

On May 19, 1981, the first MAZ-5432 truck tractor was assembled on the main conveyor. The car was equipped with a YaMZ-238F engine (V8, 14.86 l) with a power of 280 hp. The load capacity of the tractor was up to 21 tons, the total weight was up to 34 tons. The car differed from previous models in its new cabin with a large sleeping compartment, equipment and the presence of a transverse stabilizer in the front suspension. In many official sources, this day is considered to be the beginning of mass production of Minsk heavy trucks of the new (third) generation. However, production of the MAZ-6422/5432 family began in 1978 precisely with the 6422 model. And moreover, although the first production MAZ-5432 rolled off the main assembly line in an official setting, it was assembled, like other trucks of the new family, in experimental workshop of the plant, where the assembly of these trucks continued until the mid-1980s, until they finally occupied the main assembly line of MAZ.

In September 1983, the Minsk Automobile Plant was awarded a gold medal at the Plovdiv International Fair for the MAZ-5432 road train with the MAZ-9397 semi-trailer.

In 1985, the MAZ-5432 was replaced by the MAZ-54322 truck tractor with a more comfortable cabin. In 1988, the MAZ-54321 model was added to it, which received new YaMZ-8421 and YaMZ-8424 engines with a power of 360 and 425 hp. In the same year, cooperation began with the German company MAN, whose 360-horsepower engines were first installed on MAZ-54326 tractors [2]. At the same time, they began to produce the MAZ-54323 with a YaMZ-238B engine with a power of 300 hp. [3].

ZF gearbox oil for KamAZ

The instructions for use determine which oil to fill into the ZF KamAZ gearbox. Domestic-made lubricants have a lower price, but for use in expensive imported mechanisms it is better to use branded oil for the ZF gearbox of KamAZ. For these purposes, you should choose Titan Cytrac Man Synth 75W-80 or Titan Cytrac LD 75W-80. Castrol EP 80W and Mobil GX-A 80W are also perfect. A high-quality brand of gearbox oil will extend its service life and reduce wear on parts. Therefore, the best choice is to use the oil in the KamAZ ZF gearbox specified in the specifications for this box. These are GL-4 and MIL-L2105 grades. Viscosity is also determined by the temperature conditions of the environment. For cold climates 75 W-90(80), for the middle zone - 80W-90, and for hot weather - 85W-90.

The transmission on the YaMZ 2361 is mechanical (5 steps), equipped with synchronizers in several gears. This device is produced by the Yaroslavl Motor Plant. They are equipped with heavy-duty MAZ vehicles. Depending on the configuration, YaMZ can be found on Ural vehicles and MARZ buses.

Appearance of the gearbox

The main technical characteristics of the transmission system should be considered.

A unit such as the gearbox on the YaMZ 236 is equipped with a clutch housing made of reliable materials. The amount of fuel in the gearbox housing is about 5.5 liters. The transmission system includes a heavy-duty input shaft. The secondary shaft of the gearbox on the YaMZ 236 is supported by one part on the existing bearing (roller), and the other on the ball bearing. It should be noted that the roller bearings have intermediate shaft bearings.

Longitudinal section of the gearbox

There is a special creeper. Thanks to it, it is possible to reduce the speed limit. The oil pump is efficient. The oil intake is covered with a mesh. This element has a magnet, which is necessary to attract metal microparticles that may be present in the oil. This system also includes a pressure reducing valve. Its main function is to maintain the outlet pressure at an optimal level during movement.

In the top cover of the YaMZ 236 gearbox there is a mechanism that allows changing speed modes while moving. It is typical for special equipment that a gearbox (KOM) is installed, designed for a long service life. On a number of trim levels there is an electronic speedometer drive.

The weight of the gearbox together with the crankcase exceeds 240 kg. While the weight of the YaMZ 236 power unit reaches 1000 kg. Oil should be added to the YaMZ 236 gearbox through a special hole, which is securely closed with a plug.

What and how much to fill

It is best to fill the gearbox with gear oil recommended by the manufacturer. Information is indicated in the technical documentation, and it is very important to focus on compliance with the API class.

Almost all modern automakers require the use of oils of at least GL-4 and GL-5 in their transmissions, gearboxes and transfer cases, which contain extreme pressure and other additives and are adapted to work in the most severe conditions.

If you don’t know what kind of oil and how much is poured into the gearbox of your car, look for it in the table. We have collected information on approvals for various vehicles from many available sources.

If the car has 2 or 3 axles, then the total amount of fluid is indicated.

LSD (Limited Slip Differential) - self-locking differential, or limited slip differential.

Possible breakdowns

Gearbox malfunctions on YaMZ 236 can be as follows:

In case of any of these manifestations, it is advisable to independently check the oil level in the box and how tightly all the fastening nuts and bolts are tightened. If this is not the problem, the vehicle should be sent to a service center for diagnostics. Here, technicians must use special equipment to check the integrity of the components of the gearbox (clutches, bearings, bushings, etc.) and evaluate the operating ability of the oil pump.

MAINTENANCE OF YAMZ-236 GEARBOX

During maintenance, check the fastening of the gearbox to the engine and the condition of its suspension, maintain a normal oil level in the box and replace it in a timely manner during Maintenance 2.

The oil level in the gearbox housing must not be lower than the lower edge of inspection hole 3 (Fig. 122). Drain the oil from the gearbox housing while hot through the drain hole closed with plug 4. After draining the oil, clean the magnet of the drain plug. After draining the oil, unscrew the bolts and remove cover 2 of the oil pump intake, clean and rinse the mesh, and then replace the cover. When installing the intake cover, be careful not to block the oil line with the cover or its gasket.

Rice. 122. YaMZ-236P gearbox plugs: 1-oil filler hole; 2-oil pump intake cover; 3-oil level inspection hole; 4-drain hole

When towing a car with the engine not running, the input and intermediate shafts of the gearbox do not rotate, the oil pump in this case does not work and does not supply lubricant to the bearings of the secondary shaft gears and to the conical surfaces of the synchronizers, which will cause scuffing of the sliding surfaces, wear of the synchronizer rings and leads to failure failure of the entire gearbox. To tow, disengage the clutch and engage direct (fourth) gear in the gearbox or disconnect the gearbox from the transmission.

Towing a vehicle over a distance of more than 20 km without disconnecting the driveshaft or squeezing the clutch with the direct transmission engaged is not allowed.

For smooth and easy gear shifting and protection of the teeth of the intermediate shaft and six gears of first gear and reverse gear from end wear, as well as protection of rings. synchronizers from wear, properly adjust the clutch and prevent it from “driving.”

The MAZ gearbox is a gear shift mechanism that is included in the transmission device along with the divider.

Switching device and circuit

The design and diagram of the MAZ gear shift depends on the gearbox model. There are 5-speed, 8-speed and 9-speed gearboxes.

5 speed

The design of a five-speed gearbox in a MAZ includes such elements as:

The mechanism that changes gears is located inside the vehicle. When the lever of the switching device changes its position, the articulated joint engages with the recess, which is located on one of the axes. At this moment, the end of the hinge is in rigid engagement with the fork device. The forks fit into the hole on the forward drive gear (gears No. 1, 2, 3, 4) or in the fifth gear position (reverse). A short circuit begins in the torque circuit, causing the secondary axis to begin its movement.

MAZ-MAN [edit | edit code ]

On October 23, 1998, the MAZ-MAN joint venture began operating a line for assembling long-haul tractors MAZ-MAN-543265 and MAZ-MAN-543268 (4×2) with engines of 370 - 410 hp. for operation as part of 44-ton road trains. They were based on converted MAZ-5432 chassis with MAN diesel engines, cabs from the F2000 series and 16-speed ZF gearboxes [4].

The MAZ-500 dump truck is one of the basic vehicles of the Soviet era. Numerous processing and modernization of technology gave birth to dozens of new cars. Today, the MAZ-500 with a tipper body mechanism has been discontinued and replaced by more advanced models in terms of comfort and efficiency. However, the equipment continues to be used in Russia.

How much oil is in a box of maz

MAINTENANCE OF YAMZ-236 GEARBOX

During maintenance, check the fastening of the gearbox to the engine and the condition of its suspension, maintain a normal oil level in the box and replace it in a timely manner during Maintenance 2.

The oil level in the gearbox housing must not be lower than the lower edge of inspection hole 3 (Fig. 122). Drain the oil from the gearbox housing while hot through the drain hole closed with plug 4. After draining the oil, clean the magnet of the drain plug. After draining the oil, unscrew the bolts and remove cover 2 of the oil pump intake, clean and rinse the mesh, and then replace the cover. When installing the intake cover, be careful not to block the oil line with the cover or its gasket.

Rice. 122. YaMZ-236P gearbox plugs: 1-oil filler hole; 2-oil pump intake cover; 3-oil level inspection hole; 4-drain hole

Wash the gearbox with industrial oil I-12A or I-20A according to GOST 20199 - 88; Pour 2.5 - 3 liters of it into the gearbox crankcase, set the gear shift lever to the neutral position, start the engine for 1.8 minutes, then stop it, drain the flushing oil and fill with fresh oil. It is strictly forbidden to flush the gearbox with kerosene or diesel fuel to avoid failure of the oil pump due to insufficient suction vacuum and, as a consequence, failure of the gearbox. In case of complete overhaul of the gearbox, lubricate the oil pump with the oil used in the gearbox before installation.

When towing a car with the engine not running, the input and intermediate shafts of the gearbox do not rotate, the oil pump in this case does not work and does not supply lubricant to the bearings of the secondary shaft gears and to the conical surfaces of the synchronizers, which will cause scuffing of the sliding surfaces, wear of the synchronizer rings and leads to failure failure of the entire gearbox. To tow, disengage the clutch and engage direct (fourth) gear in the gearbox or disconnect the gearbox from the transmission.

Towing a vehicle over a distance of more than 20 km without disconnecting the driveshaft or squeezing the clutch with the direct transmission engaged is not allowed.

To prevent premature wear of the rubbing pairs, it is recommended to warm up the gearbox before starting the engine at an ambient temperature below -30°C. If this is not possible, then drain the oil from the crankcase while the engine is stopped for a long time, and before starting the engine, heat this oil and pour it into the box through the hole in the top cover.

For smooth and easy gear shifting and protection of the teeth of the intermediate shaft and six gears of first gear and reverse gear from end wear, as well as protection of rings. synchronizers from wear, properly adjust the clutch and prevent it from “driving.”

MAZ-500 dump truck: history

The prototype of the future MAZ-500 was created in 1958. In 1963, the first truck rolled off the assembly line of the Minsk plant and was tested. In 1965, serial production of cars was launched. The year 1966 was marked by a complete replacement of the MAZ truck line with the 500 family. Unlike its predecessors, the new dump truck received a lower-engine engine layout. This solution made it possible to reduce the weight of the machine and increase the load capacity by 500 kg.

In 1970, the basic MAZ-500 dump truck was replaced by the improved MAZ-500A model. The MAZ-500 family was produced until 1977. In the same year, 8-ton dump trucks were replaced by the new MAZ-5335 series.

Switching device and circuit

The design and diagram of the MAZ gear shift depends on the gearbox model. There are 5-speed, 8-speed and 9-speed gearboxes.

5 speed

The design of a five-speed gearbox in a MAZ includes such elements as:

The mechanism that changes gears is located inside the vehicle. When the lever of the switching device changes its position, the articulated joint engages with the recess, which is located on one of the axes. At this moment, the end of the hinge is in rigid engagement with the fork device. The forks fit into the hole on the forward drive gear (gears No. 1, 2, 3, 4) or in the fifth gear position (reverse). A short circuit begins in the torque circuit, causing the secondary axis to begin its movement.

8 speed

The eight-speed gearbox (Gearbox-202) includes:

After the vehicle moves and picks up the required speed, you can change gears in the following order: 4H-4B-5H. In order to activate the second speed, you need to wait until the crankshaft speed increases to 2000 rpm. This indicator can be monitored using a tachometer.

In order to engage reverse, set the switch lever to the down position.

9 speed

The design of the 9-speed gearbox 238 with a range-shifter includes the following parts and mechanisms:

Before driving, you must disengage the clutch. Before moving off, you need to check the location of the lever; it must be lowered. Switching speed modes is carried out in several stages. At the first stage, it is recommended to use the following switching pattern: 1B-2B-3B. During further movement, you can switch to the pattern: 4H-5B-5H.

Specifications

MAZ-5551 - technical characteristics and features of vehicle parameters:

Refueling tanks of MAZ units

Wieland LLC - Wholesale trade of lubricants 220073, Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Skryganova st., 6, room 2411

tel./fax: 256 • 17 • 90 256 • 17 • 91 256 • 17 • 92

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