The KAMAZ-5490 two-axle truck tractor is the first model of the newest generation of Euro-5 standard trucks, developed jointly with one of the KAMAZ shareholders - the German automaker Daimler (owned by Mercedes, Fuso, etc.).
The use of the most modern Western technologies and components, with the participation of German specialists, made it possible to develop a long-haul tractor for Russian road and climatic conditions that meets all modern international requirements for efficiency, reliability, environmental friendliness, driver comfort and appearance.
Reliability and efficiency of KAMAZ-5490
High performance characteristics of the KAMAZ-5490 are ensured by the Daimler OM457LA engine, which consumes about 33 liters per 100 km, the ZF16S 2220 gearbox (available with automatic transmission), the Daimler HL6 hypoid drive axle, a cruise control system, solid steel cord tubeless tires and a set of aerodynamic cabin fairings and chassis.
European level security
A new level of tractor safety is guaranteed by the use of front and rear disc brakes with electro-pneumatic drive (EBS) with exchange rate stability function (ESP) and traction control (ASR), pneumatic rear suspension with electronic control system ECAS, front underrun protection, lighting equipment with LED technology.
instructions, 14TS-10, malfunctions, does not start, errors
The parking heater (in common parlance, autonomous heater) on KamAZ is used to heat the cab when the main engine is not running. Depending on the design, devices are divided into “dry” and “wet”. The first ones use a flame torch to heat the air that is supplied to the cabin, and the second ones heat the coolant of the car’s engine cooling system. In this case, the cabin is heated by a standard stove.
How does it work
The heater is an autonomous heat source and operates independently of the car engine. The device includes:
- burner;
- fuel pump;
- water pump;
- Control block;
- remote control panel;
- connecting wires.
The operating principle of the 14TS-10 heater is based on the transfer of heat from burnt fuel to a coolant pumped through a heat exchanger. The device is located under the hood and connected to the engine cooling system.
Before putting the autonomous heater into operation, an automatic check of the functionality of all its components is carried out. Having received information about the working condition, the control unit gives a command to ignite the device. At the same time, the circulation pump is turned on. There are 2 heater operating programs: “Economical” and “Pre-start”. The first one has lower power consumption, and the execution time is 8 hours. The second is more energy-intensive, but completed in 3 hours. You can stop the device manually at any stage of the cycle.
The fuel mixture is ignited after the combustion chamber is purged with air. A glow plug is used as a fire source, which remains in operation until the torch burns steadily. Diesel fuel is supplied to the combustion chamber by an electromagnetic fuel pump from its container or car tank. After heat is transferred to the walls of the heat exchanger, the exhaust gases are released under the car.
Automation ensures safe operation of the device and turns it off in the following cases:
- 2 unsuccessful startup attempts;
- flame torch failure;
- increase in network voltage more than 30 V and decrease below 20 V;
- heat exchanger overheating.
The first start-up and periodic switching on of the heater during the “Pre-start” program are carried out in the “Full” mode, and in the “Economic” mode - in the “Medium” mode. In this case, fuel consumption is 2 and 1.2 l/hour.
Malfunctions and their elimination
The organization of searching for defects is described in the operating instructions for the device. Malfunctions that arise during operation and require complete or partial disassembly of the heater must be carried out by specialists from repair organizations. All faults, except the inability to turn on the heater, are indicated by a blinking LED on the control panel.
Error codes
The heater is equipped with a monitoring system for the proper operation of components and individual elements. If a defect occurs, the automation classifies it and notifies the driver by the number of LED flashes. The list of possible malfunctions is summarized in a table indicating the necessary actions to be taken to restore the device to operability. Error codes correspond to the number of blinks of the indicator.
Malfunctions are collected into 10 groups based on the same causes of occurrence and methods for eliminating defects. The table is given in the heater operating manual.
Why doesn't it start
If, when you try to turn on the heater, the LED indicator does not light up and the start-up does not occur, then there may be several reasons for this situation, but they are all related to a lack of power:
- 25 A fuse blown;
- faulty electrical wiring;
- The contacts in the connectors have oxidized.
If there is power to the control panel, the cause of the malfunction may be a defect in any of the controlled elements. In this case, the defect code will be shown by a flashing indicator.
How to turn it on
Starting and changing operating modes of the “autonomy” are carried out from the control panel. To start the heater, you need to select a program using the mode key (3 or 8 hours) and turn on the power switch. The LED will light up and the control unit will begin executing the program. After testing is completed and the blower, pump and fuel pump are turned on, the burner will ignite. The program runs automatically and does not require driver intervention. At the end of the set time, the device will stop.
Restart is possible after a power failure; its subsequent activation - no earlier than after 10 seconds.
Repair
Despite the fact that the manufacturer recommends repairing breakdowns associated with disassembling an autonomous heater in specialized workshops, many drivers and car owners prefer to fix the faults themselves. The fairly high price of the work pushes them to this decision.
Most often, the flame sensor fails and the fuel line becomes clogged. The work is simple and does not require the use of special tools.
Regular scheduled maintenance will help reduce the number of defects.
For this type of heaters, there are 2 types of maintenance: daily and seasonal. The volumes, timing and list of work performed are given in the technical documentation for the device.
How to install
The 14TS-10 heater is installed on the frame cross member under the hood in front of the radiator. The device is mounted standard: bolted. The boiler's pipes cut into the standard cooling system. Fuel supply is possible from its own tank installed outside the engine compartment, or from the fuel system. Exhaust gases are removed through a corrugated metal hose under the bottom of the car between the cab and the body (trailer).
This placement of the autonomous unit allows for maximum removal of exhaust gases from the cabin, minimizing the length of the cooling system pipes and obtaining an additional heat source in the engine compartment.
KAMAZ-5490: comfort from Mercedes
The new model range based on the Mercedes-Daimler component base is distinguished by attention to driver comfort: the height of the 2-bedroom cabin allows you to stand in it at full height, for the first time in the history of the brand, a standard air conditioner appeared, electric windows, heated seats with air suspension, an on-board computer, a navigator and media devices, there are spacious niches under the windshield for storing personal items. Externally and the interior of the KAMAZ 5490 cabin looks like a Mercedes Axor truck, on the basis of which it was developed.
The service interval for maintenance of the KAMAZ-5490 is 80 thousand km, the warranty is 200 thousand km / 2 years, the guaranteed total service life of the tractor is 1 million km.
Preheater 14TS-10
PZD 14TS-10 prepares the engine for operation by heating the coolant.
This type of preheater has several heating modes:
And also 2 heating programs:
In full mode, the pre-start program warms up the liquid to 70°C, in economy mode – up to 55°C. After reaching the highest temperature, the PZD switches to the “medium” mode, in which the liquid is heated to 75°C, and then to the “small” mode: in it the maximum temperature of 80°C is reached. Next, the heater goes into cooling mode.
- Heater weight – 10 kg
- Power consumption – 132 W (full) / 101 W (medium) / 77 W (small)
- Fuel consumption in different modes – 2 l/h (full), 1.2 l/h (medium), 0.54 l/h (small)
- Heating capacity – 15 kW/ 9 kW/ 4 kW
- The fuel used for work is diesel, the coolant is antifreeze or antifreeze.
- The adjustment is carried out automatically, remotely using a control unit.
Electrical diagram
The heater operates from a battery and is also powered by diesel fuel. It is the electrical circuits of the heater that provide automatic and remote control through the unit and control panel.
When overheated, the system automatically turns off. Also, when the voltage decreases to 20 W or increases to 30 W, the preheater turns off. In addition, the PZD switches off after two unsuccessful startup attempts; If the combustion stops during operation, the system turns off.
Connection diagram for the electrical circuit 14TS-10:
KAMAZ-5490-NEO: updated version
After two years of active operation of the new truck tractor in the KAMAZ-5490-T5 and KAMAZ-5490-S5 on Russian roads, including the highways of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the automaker decided to create an updated version of this 4x2 tractor, even better adapted to Russian, and even more so Siberian realities. The main differences between the new KAMAZ-5490 version NEO and the first models:
The main advantages of the newest KAMAZ-5490-NEO
- Extended wheelbase + load sensor. This optimizes the distribution of axle loads, reduces the risk of exceeding axle loads and makes it possible to transfer more cargo to the KAMAZ-5490-NEO.
- The front suspension has been strengthened. The use of 8-ton leaf springs and a reinforced stabilizer made it possible to increase the load and increase the service life. The use of maintenance-free silent spring blocks instead of bushings has led to a reduction in labor intensity and maintenance costs.
- New rear wheel fenders. Now it is possible not to dismantle the upper part of the wings when coupling with a semi-trailer. When traveling without a semi-trailer, splashes from the wheels no longer fall on the SSU and other components on the tractor frame.
- Enlarged fuel tank. The KAMAZ-5490-NEO base is equipped with a 695 liter tank. and spare tire holder. Instead of the holder, you can install an additional tank of 400 liters, which can be beneficial on international or long-distance Siberian flights.
What are users saying?
Reviews of the KamAZ “Neo” 5490 indicate that the car’s owners are generally satisfied with its technical side, but there are a number of complaints. Among the advantages, drivers highlight:
- beautiful exterior;
- excellent cabin equipment, including heated seats;
- presence of a ventilation hatch;
- traction diesel engine;
- informative dashboard.
Users also noted a lot of disadvantages. Among them:
- heavy steering;
- poor adhesion of tires to the road surface;
- narrow sleeping area;
- slow operation of the automatic transmission.
