The GAZ-53 truck is perhaps the only car that has not been produced for 20 years, but is still in use by most people and enterprises. This is all thanks to the high-quality assembly and the parts used from which the individual components of the truck were created.
This is what the original GAZ 53 looks like
The GAZ 53 four-speed gearbox consists of a cast iron body, a cover with gear shift forks, three shafts, gears, a third and fourth gear shift clutch, a reverse gear block and bearings.
The gearbox diagram is constructed as follows. The front end of the input shaft is fixed in the bearing of the engine crankshaft, the rear end of the shaft is connected to the secondary shaft through a needle bearing.
The intermediate shaft transmits all movements to the secondary shaft; depending on the selected speed, the gear ratio changes and, accordingly, the speed at which the car moves. The fourth gear is direct; in this gear, the clutch connects the primary and secondary shafts.
Example of a gearbox for GAZ-53
From the shank of the secondary shaft, through the propeller shaft, the movement enters the rear axle, which rotates the rear wheels.
Creation of the GAZ 53 checkpoint
The first releases of the GAZ 53 (with the index “F”) were equipped with a six-cylinder engine and a GAZ 51 rear axle. The gearbox was also taken from the 51st, but it was modernized. It should be noted that it is possible to replace the GAZ 53 gearbox with a GAZ 51, but it does not always make sense to do this. The fifty-first box has different gear ratios. In addition, it is designed for a less powerful engine and lower load capacity.
Due to the fact that the production of the GAZ 53F was discontinued in 1967, the old modification was replaced by the improved GAZ 53A.
This car was already equipped with a powerful V-shaped 8-cylinder engine, so a new rear axle had to be designed on the new model and the gearbox had to be improved.
An example of a GAZ 53F truck.
Old axles and boxes could not withstand the loads that the engine could handle.
Diagram of the GAZ-53 gearbox
Here we will talk about the gearbox of the famous GAZ 53 truck.
Design and diagram of a gearbox from a GAZ 53 truck.
The gearbox on this truck has four forward speeds and one reverse. It is mechanical, consisting of three shafts: drive, driven, intermediate. The GAZ 53 gearbox is designed for three strokes.
Thanks to the gearbox, it is possible to transfer the speed that the engine develops to the drive wheels, while changing the amount of traction force. If necessary, using the gearbox, you can stop transmitting these revolutions to the drive wheels. This corresponds to the neutral position of the gear lever.
Positions of the GAZ-53A gearbox shift lever.
Extraneous sounds when the unit is operating
The transmission may make different sounds depending on what mode it is in. If an extraneous sound is heard only when the clutch is fully depressed, then the reason is the bearing. It is located on the transmission input shaft. If you put the car in gear and drive, the grinding noise indicates broken or worn teeth on the gears.
Disassembling the GAZ-53 gearbox with subsequent troubleshooting and replacement of parts will help to identify the exact cause of the sounds. However, sometimes it is difficult to determine the breakdown upon inspection. Maximum attention is paid to the element located next to the noisy transmission. The box often howls. This is especially pronounced when driving at low speeds. For the 53rd LAWN, this sound is quite normal.
Technical characteristics of the GAZ 53 gearbox
The gearbox of GAZ 53A and GAZ 53 12 trucks has the following technical characteristics:
- Box type – mechanical;
- Type according to the position of the shift lever - three-way;
- Number of forward gears – 4;
- Number of reverse gears – 1;
- Weight – 56 kg;
- Filling capacity – 3 l.
Gear ratios:
- first speed – 6.55;
- second speed – 3.09;
- third speed – 1.71;
- fourth speed – 1;
- reverse speed - 7.77.
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Malfunctions of the GAZ 53 gearbox
Symptoms of a problem
A faulty gearbox can be judged by the following signs:
- noise in the gearbox area;
- the speeds do not turn on at all, or with great difficulty;
- One of the speeds does not turn on;
- one or more speeds are out of whack;
- There is a grinding noise in one or more gears while driving;
- The speed does not turn off, and the car drives in only one gear. The gearshift lever does not move to the neutral position.
Service
The GAZ 53 engine has a good service life. The motor has a high level of endurance. It ensures a long service life of the vehicle, practically does not undergo frequent breakdowns and does not fail.
To increase the service life of the engine, the engine should be regularly maintained. It includes the following work:
- Regular replacement of engine oil. The optimal indicator for replacement is when the vehicle travels more than 6 thousand km. Experts recommend using a mineral or semi-synthetic type of motor oil. Such fluids are suitable for UAZ and Volga cars.
- Adjusting the position of the block head, tightening the manifold fasteners. The latter is known as a spider. It is recommended to perform the procedure every 1-2 thousand km of vehicle mileage. If during operation the cylinder head gasket was replaced or another element of the system was repaired, the procedure is mandatory. It is worth considering that the tightening should be carried out when the engine has cooled down.
- Check and adjust the fluid level in the cooling system. This procedure can become a daily procedure. It is especially important to do this in the summer, since rising temperatures can cause the engine to overheat. Repairing the engine cooling system is expensive. Therefore, if you do not want to overpay for a mistake, you should take this item responsibly.
- Adjust the position of the valves. The performance of the motor and the amount of compression during operation depend on how the valve is installed. It’s worth noting right away that the gas distribution system is assembled with high quality, so there is no need to adjust the valves every day. Basically, the procedure is recommended to be carried out after replacing the cylinder head gaskets.
- Monitor the level of oil in the internal combustion tank. This mainly concerns owners of Volga and UAZ cars. A similar procedure is carried out to provide elements and mechanisms with the required amount of lubricating fluid during vehicle operation. For monitoring, a level is provided inside the container, which will allow you to determine the lack of oil in time and add it.
- Conduct an external inspection of the vehicle. The fact is that during trips various breakdowns can occur, one of which can lead to oil leakage from the engine. Many argue that this is one of the main engine problems that needs to be solved. If a leak is discovered, it is necessary to take measures to eliminate it as quickly as possible.
Where is the drive shaft of the box located?
On a GAZ-53 car, the drive shaft of the box is installed with the front part at the end of the crankshaft. The rear end is attached to the box housing, which is made of cast iron.
A roller bearing is installed at the end of the drive shaft, onto which the front end of the driven shaft is mounted, while the rear part rests on a ball bearing. The driven shaft contains gears for 1st, 2nd and 3rd gears, as well as a synchronizer, which serves to silently and smoothly connect pairs of gears.
Gearbox of a GAZ 53 car
The body in which all the elements of the GAZ 53 gearbox are placed is made of cast iron.
Transmission repair
Gearbox repair should be entrusted to specialists; experienced craftsmen know the intricacies of their business well. But the GAZ 53 gearbox is not very difficult to repair, and if desired, you can repair it yourself. Nowadays it’s not a problem to buy spare parts for the “gazon” box. They are available in almost any specialized auto store, and their prices are reasonable.
You can save a lot of money if you buy a used gearbox second-hand. You just need to agree with the seller about the possibility of returning the box if it is faulty.
At one time, the plant produced a lot of GAZ 53 and GAZ 3307 cars; used gearboxes are often sold, you can easily buy them. At the same time, their prices are sometimes simply ridiculous. By the way, the gearbox on the GAZ 66 is absolutely identical to the “53rd” gearbox, and they are completely interchangeable. Therefore, sales advertisements can also be viewed for the 66th model.
