✅ How to set the ignition on a Kamaz

When and why adjustment is needed

While the system is operating, the piston approaches top dead center, high pressure is generated in the chamber and fuel is supplied. If the injection timing is set incorrectly, the fuel mixture ignites late (late injection) or ahead (early injection). This leads to incomplete combustion of fuel and malfunctions in the operation of the cylinders, respectively, to a decrease in engine efficiency and increased wear of parts.

When the mixture burns ahead, the piston does not yet reach the top point, at which time the fuel enters the chamber. There is an excessive waste of energy in lifting it; the released gases and the burning mixture resist. With late ignition, combustion ends with the expansion stroke and the exhaust valve closing. As a result, the piston does not receive impulse, the energy is distributed between the pusher and the block walls, which leads to overheating.

Signs of early and late inflammation:

inability to start the engine;
high fuel consumption;
decreased throttle response and power;
uneven engine operation at idle speed;
malfunction of the fuel mixture quantity regulator.

Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the ignition system (I).

Late ignition: signs

At a late injection moment, the piston moves down from top dead center, and fuel is just starting to flow, the ignition follows. Signs of a problem:

The appearance of white smoke from the exhaust system. The later the ignition, the greater the amount of smoke observed.
The motor does not rev up correctly.
The operation of the power unit is observed to be too soft.
When the gas pedal is smoothly activated, the engine begins to shake at medium speeds, and when the torque increases, this effect abruptly disappears.
Fuel consumption increases, the engine heats up, and the truck pulls poorly.

How to set the ignition on a KamAZ

To check the condition of the SZ, special symbols have been developed - marks, or degrees.

If the system is adjusted exactly according to the marks, the unit will operate at nominal mode and have standard characteristics of the high-pressure fuel pump (HPF), power motor and fuel.

To check the SZ you need:

put the details according to the marks;
tighten the fixing devices;
start the engine.

The presence of a malfunction of the mechanism indicates a violation of the arrangement of components. The details are placed correctly like this:

Injection pump - from the side of the gearbox to the key;
coupling - in 2 positions, differing by 180° from each other;
clamping drive screw - top;
The fuel injection pump and clutch marks are opposite to each other.

To correct the situation, all elements are unscrewed, set to 180° and the engine is turned on again.

Setting up the ignition KamAZ 5320

If you know how to correctly set the ignition order on the 5320 model without additional equipment, you can quickly set up the mechanism in the field when it is not possible to get to the workshop.

As we already know, for rational operation of the engine, the SZ must be adjusted strictly according to reference marks.

In the truck model under consideration, the injection pump is placed on a key on the side of the box, and the coupling can be fixed in two positions with a difference of 180o. It can be assumed with a greater degree of probability that if the drive pressure screw is at the highest point, then the landmarks are located opposite each other - the system is set correctly. Start the engine to check after tightening the nuts.

If an incorrect adjustment is made, where the ignition fires earlier and where it fires later can be determined by the characteristic signs described at the beginning of the article. If you are wrong by 180o, the engine will not start and white smoke will come out of the exhaust pipe. In this case, unscrew the parts and rotate them 180o.

Euro 1

The settings set at the factory are more related to late injection. As an example for Euro-1, consider the KamAZ-740. If it is necessary to install a fuel injection pump and set the injection timing angle, do the following:

raise the cabin and snap the clamps onto the supports;
find the rod, lift it, rotate it 90° on the flywheel housing and release it into the housing slot;
release 2 bolts for fixation with a 17 mm wrench;
remove the protective shield;
insert a steel rod measuring 10x400 mm through the slot in the casing into the flywheel;
The crankshaft is rotated clockwise until it locks;
check the condition of the fuel injection pump drive shaft in the block-cylinder camber;
when the fuel injection pump coupling is positioned with the scale up, connect the starting point with the mark and fasten it with 2 bolts;
when the mechanism is in the reverse state, lift the locking device, turn the crankshaft 1 revolution and repeat the procedure.

Euro 2

For KamAZ Euro-2, the ignition installation procedure is similar to the previous one. The difference lies in the finishing phase. After bolting, the stopper is lifted, rotated 90° and installed in the groove to seat the part. A dirt shield is installed at the bottom of the flywheel housing. The cabin is in its original state. The clamps are located on top.

In addition to the method described above, there is an amateur one. The video shows how you can easily set the TNDV with a simple 12 V light bulb, a socket and a drive (for connecting to the KamAZ power supply).

Connect the light bulb to the wire coming from the distributor and ground it to the ground of the truck.
Turn the distributor in the opposite direction.
When the lamp turns on, stop, fix the position of the housing, and tighten the fixing nuts.

Settings

Any automotive power plant has marks (degrees) designed specifically for setting the ignition. If the system is adjusted strictly according to the marks, the engine will operate in optimal mode, provided that the injection pump, engine and fuel meet the reference characteristics according to GOST. By and large, the indicators are a kind of guideline that allows you to understand how to set the ignition on a KamAZ.

On the car in question, the high-pressure fuel pump is placed on a key on the side of the box, and the injection pump coupling can be fixed in two positions with a difference of 180 degrees. As a rule, if the drive pressure screw is located in the upper part, then the injection pump and clutch marks should be placed opposite.

How to understand that everything is done correctly

The SZ must be adjusted correctly, otherwise the engine will run poorly. After the operations, it is turned on and checked. If signs of incorrect combustion appear, all manipulations are continued until a characteristic ringing sound appears when the gas lever is actively pressed. With a little cranking it goes away. This indicates that an accurate result is obtained. Correctly setting the injection point allows you to increase traction and reduce fuel consumption.

How do you regulate the ignition on your KamAZ?

How to set the ignition on a KamAZ - Correct ignition adjustment

If unforeseen situations arise with the operation of the truck, sometimes it becomes necessary to independently set the ignition on the KamAZ to solve the problems that have arisen. When problems arise with starting the engine, this may be due to the ignition system. An experienced truck driver will say that there is no concept of KamAZ ignition, although other drivers can rightfully use such a phrase. And now the car does not want to drive and you suspect a malfunction in the fuel injection pump. How to correctly set the ignition on a KamAZ. To do this, let's figure out how the ignition system works and what causes the problems that appear.

The concept of KamAZ ignition

Passenger cars with a gasoline engine begin their movement due to the appearance of an electric spark in the candles. Most heavy vehicles have diesel engines. For cars with a diesel engine, the ignition system is carried out by creating pressure (compression) and heating a flammable substance. For trucks, motorists call the “injection moment” the familiar concept of “ignition”, which came from the owners of cars with a gasoline engine, in which a spark ignites in the spark plug at the moment the engine starts.

Ignition system

There are a number of requirements for the launch system itself that are necessary for the normal operation of the car. These include:

creating a spark in the cylinder at a certain moment;
ensuring a rational engine starting moment, that is, the spark should appear with optimal advance, the interval of which varies depending on the engine speed and the current load;
a certain strength and energy of the spark, the quantitative value of the energy varies proportionally depending on the physical and chemical characteristics of the fuel mass.

Ignition can be carried out in the following ways:

through the microprocessor of an electronic device, where electrical energy is stored. The microprocessor controls the resulting energy and creates a spark;
contact method, where the process is controlled by a special distributor - distributor;
in a contactless way, where what is happening is controlled by a transistor switch that interacts with contactless sensors.

The processes are different, but the design itself has many similar parts. For example, spark plugs, a battery, a switch, devices for distributing and accumulating charges, as well as a 1703 KAMAZ belt.

Read more: Oka ignition system coil distributor lock how to set installation and adjustment video

Reasons for adjusting the ignition on KamAZ

The stage of supplying a flammable substance, which is carried out by the piston, is ignition. As the piston approaches top dead center, an increase in pressure occurs, this is due to air compression. It is at this moment that fuel needs to be injected. If the injection advance angle is incorrect, problems arise with the KamAZ ignition.

There are early and late injections.

Early injection is characterized by advanced ignition of the fuel, which occurs before the piston reaches top dead center. As a result, there is an increase in energy consumption to lift the valve.

Late injection - characterized by delayed ignition of the fuel, which occurs at the moment the exhaust valve closes. As a result, there is no impulse to the piston, and overheating of the engine system occurs.

The presence of an early injection moment is indicated by:

Rough engine operation
The car doesn't pull well
The amount of fuel used increases
Sometimes white smoke appears (affected by feeding too early)
The presence of a ringing sound reminiscent of valves during a sudden change of gas or when the load on the engine increases.

The presence of a late injection timing is indicated by:

The presence of white smoke, the amount of smoke increases with increasing lag. Often appears on the engine at low temperatures
Increasing the number of revolutions
The motor runs smoothly
When you press the pedal smoothly, the engine shakes at medium speeds, after which it stops shaking at high speeds.
The car does not pull with enough force
Fuel consumption increases
The engine temperature increases.

These signs can help identify ignition errors, which will help determine the direction of rotation of the drive during adjustment.

The result of ignition with early and late injections is incomplete combustion of fuel, malfunction of the cylinders, and subsequently rapid wear of parts and the engine as a whole.

Various types of ignition

The operation process of the entire KAMAZ vehicle noticeably depends on the moment of injection. If the car begins to ignite early, then the piston is not able to reach the highest position before fuel enters the cavity of the working chamber. Signs of this phenomenon include:

rigid functioning of the power apparatus;
the presence of a ringing sound when pressing the gas pedal, which intensifies as the temperature rises on the power device;
presence of weak traction;
increased fuel consumption.

During retarded ignition, the piston moves down from its top point and the fuel simultaneously begins to move. The spark lags behind the entire process and completes it. Signs of a late start are as follows:

presence of white smoke coming from the exhaust system. The more serious the problem, the greater the amount of white smoke;
incorrect speed of the engine unit;
too soft functioning of the power apparatus;
shaking of the engine while smoothly pressing the pedal (increasing torque significantly reduces this effect);
increased fuel consumption;
motor overheating;
poor vehicle traction.

Standard parameters set at production most often determine the delayed injection timing. For the high-quality functioning of a vehicle, it is necessary to shift the moment of spark appearance to an earlier stage. The procedure is as follows:

injection is set when the engine reaches the normal temperature required for operation;
the drive moves until the mark reaches the top;
the screws intended for fixation are lowered to the mark with the value “17”;
The high pressure fuel pump coupling turns.

To adjust the early ignition, the drive must be turned to the right, and to calibrate the later ignition, in the reverse order. It is important to debug in millimeter increments. The bolts must be tightened as work progresses. After the ignition is set, you need to start the engine and check the settings. If the detected power does not satisfy the driver’s needs, then tuning activities continue.

Read more: Car roof rails, what are they and what are the types for, as well as installation features and selection tips

Install the ignition on KamAZ

We will answer the question posed using the KamAZ 740 as an example. To do this, we will describe the ignition procedure of the KamAZ 740, which is similar to many models of this class.

Installation of the KamAZ 740 ignition is carried out in several stages:

getting started we'll start by raising the truck cab
we will fix the cabin on supports to protect the person’s work
find the flywheel on which you will find the rod, it is located on the back of the flywheel on the top left side.
lift the rod and rotate it ninety degrees, then return it to its original place
find two bolts on the flywheel housing, unscrew them, you will need a seventeen mm wrench.
To continue working, remove the mudguard
through the slotted passage of the casing into the flywheel we insert a hard alloy rod 400 mm long and 10 mm in diameter
perform rotational movements with the crankshaft until movement is blocked
if the injection pump coupling is located with the scale up, you need to ensure that two marks coincide: zero with the mark on the fuel pump flange, secure with two bolts
if the part is positioned in the opposite direction, lift the stopper and rotate the crankshaft one 360 degrees. After this, repeat the steps described above.

Calibration KamAZ-740

On 740 truck models, injection timing is determined in conjunction with the installation of the high pressure fuel pump. This requires the following steps:

raise the cabin to the point where the locking device makes a click;
lift the flywheel rod slightly and rotate it ninety degrees, then place it in a special recess on the shell;
unscrew the bolts in the lower third of the cabin and dismantle the shield protecting against contamination;
install a steel rod with a cross-section of 10 mm and a length of at least 400 mm through the gap in the flywheel;
turn the crankshaft from left to right until its movement is blocked;
evaluate the current placement of the fuel injection pump shaft, which is located in the cylinder block; the KAMAZ EURO-2 crankshaft can be replaced if faults are identified);
align the zero point of the drive coupling with the mark on the pump flange if the coupling is located with the working marks upward. After this, secure the mounting bolts;
turn the crankshaft if the placement of the part is opposite.

The final stage of setting the ignition is tightening the bolts on the drive coupling and lowering the seating groove. Next comes the installation of the protective cover.

Ignition installation for KamAZ Euro-2

This car model has a diesel 8-cylinder V-shaped engine. This model has increased sensitivity to changes in the ignition timing angle.

You can set the ignition on KamAZ Euro-2, you can use the recommendations for KamAZ Euro-1, but at the final (last) stage you need to perform the following operations:

lift the flywheel lock
change position ninety degrees
lower into the shock absorber bushing
install the mudguard and secure it
return the cabin to its original position
lift the clamps to the upper position.

There is a statement by experts that the optimal ignition timing is achieved when the mark is aligned with the edge of the index arrow.

Ignition installation KamAZ Euro-3 fuel injection pump Bosch

The main difference between KamAZ Euro-3 and KamAZ Euro-2 is the presence of an ignition switch. The ignition switch activates the on-board network to the battery and generator and turns off after the engine starts. Has three positions:

initial (no current in the system, mechanisms do not work)
position 1 (engine is switched off, but individual components are working)
final (starting the engine).

The first position indicates the inoperative state of the vehicle's devices is disabled; when switching to position 1, it becomes possible to turn on some mechanisms (audio system, optics) that are included in the ignition system when the drive engine is turned off. The final position is responsible for starting the engine.

The ignition switch can perform an anti-theft function; when the engine is off, it locks the steering wheel.

Turning the drive clockwise enhances early injection;
Turning the drive counterclockwise normalizes late injection.

Is the injection angle adjusted correctly?

It is necessary to check the correct ignition settings by turning the engine on and off. If there are signs of incorrect engine operation, you must repeat the described steps until the desired result is obtained. Correct installation is indicated by the absence of extraneous noise and the speed at which the motor starts. You can verify correct operation by using the idle speed. The rotation speed should be 600 rpm. Do not forget about safety precautions while working. Make sure the fuel supply system is turned off and you have secured the vehicle.

What could be better for you and your car?! And the increase in your truck's fuel consumption will be felt quickly, the moment you make a quick visit to the gas station and pay the check. Keep an eye on the health of your iron “friend”!

Features of the ignition installation on KamAZ: how to set the parameters correctly

The question of how to correctly set the ignition on a KamAZ truck worries many drivers. Since a significant part of the Kama Automobile Plant's tractors are driven by diesel units, there is a problem with adjusting the injection timing. Starting the engine and its further efficient operation depend on the accuracy of the adjustment and the correct placement of the piston in a position that ensures optimal fuel injection into the cylinders. And the correct functioning of other components, such as the KamAZ 43118 transfer case, etc., also depends on the correct operation of the engine.

Features of injection timing adjustment

What is the injection moment on KamAZ

The design of the ignition system of diesel trucks is somewhat different from their gasoline counterparts, where the task of igniting the mixture of gasoline and air is assigned to spark plugs. For a diesel engine, the term “injection timing” is more appropriate. In order for the power unit to start working, it is necessary to create high pressure in the chamber. After this, the fuel supply is turned on. The system begins to work when the piston approaches the top “dead” point.

If the system parameters are set incorrectly, engine parts may malfunction or overheat. It all depends on how the fuel mixture ignites - late or advanced.

Risks of untimely injection

If the piston has not reached the top position, but fuel is already flowing in, the mixture begins to burn ahead of schedule. This leads to unnecessary energy consumption, since the piston must reach the end, and the combustion gases and the mixture itself prevent this. This situation can be judged by the following symptoms:

the engine becomes rough;
when the accelerator is activated, a ringing sound occurs;
the exhaust looks like white smoke;
fuel consumption increases.

Late ignition is characterized by the flow of fuel when the piston leaves the upper position. In this case, the main signs of a malfunction are:

a significant amount of whitish smoke from the exhaust pipe;
decreased cravings;
engine heating;
increased fuel consumption;
incorrect speed dial;
vibration of the unit at medium speeds.

If any of the symptoms are observed, the KamAZ ignition must be adjusted as quickly as possible.

Adjustment procedure

The question of how to set the ignition on a KamAZ, it would seem, is not applicable to a unit that has just come off the assembly line.
After all, the developers should have taken care of the correct installation of parts. In fact, each engine has its own characteristics. It depends on its purpose, configuration, adaptation to certain operating conditions. The type of fuel also matters a lot. Therefore, individual adjustment of injection timing is very important for the further use of the machine. On each engine you can notice special marks or degrees. They are intended to guide the driver who is solving the problem of how to set the ignition on a KamAZ.

In order for the engine to operate in normal mode, it is necessary that the characteristics of both the injection pump, the fuel, and the unit itself meet the requirements of the regulations. It is the marks that help determine how to set the ignition on a KamAZ correctly.

On the machines of the Kama plant, the pump that supplies fuel under high pressure is installed using a key on the side of the box. The pump coupling can be secured in two positions, the difference being 180 degrees. When the screw holding the drive is at the top, the marks of the injection pump and the pump coupling should be found opposite.

So, to check the ignition system, you need to:

install the elements according to the marks;
fix all elements;
start the engine.

If the above malfunctions are observed, it means that the components are placed incorrectly and the operation should be repeated: loosen the elements, check the installation at 180 degrees, secure the components and start the engine.

The coordinated operation of the engine is important for the functioning of the vehicle as a whole: the KamAZ gearbox shafts will not be able to perform their task if problems are observed in the operation of the unit itself.

Potential risks of untimely injection

If the piston has not yet reached the top point, the mixture begins to burn prematurely. This causes a sharp increase in energy consumption, and the formation of combustion gases and the presence of a mixture interfere with the normal flow of the process. This situation can be observed due to a number of factors:

the engine is running rough;
a ringing sound is produced;
The exhaust is characterized by white smoke;
there is a sharp consumption of fuel.

If fuel arrives at the moment the piston leaves the upper position, delayed ignition is observed. Then other points are observed:

whitish smoke begins to come out of the exhaust pipe;
cravings decrease;
the motor heats up sharply;
fuel consumption also increases;
the set of revolutions becomes incorrect;
Vibration appears at medium speeds.

All of the above symptoms require adjusting the ignition of the KamAZ-740. Moreover, this procedure should be performed as quickly as possible.

Ignition adjustment on Euro standard units

Euro 1

Factory settings are usually configured so that injection is late. To explain how to set the ignition on a KamAZ, let’s take the KamAZ-740 diesel unit as an example. The procedure for installing the injection pump and adjusting the injection angle will be as follows:

raise the cabin and secure it;
find the rod, lift it slightly, turn it at a right angle on the casing and lower it into the slot on the body;
loosen the two fixing bolts using a wrench (17 mm);
remove the protective panel;
insert a special steel rod through the slot into the flywheel;
Rotate the crankshaft clockwise until it stops.

Then you need to check the condition of the injection pump shaft. If the coupling scale is at the top, the reference point is set at the mark, and the assembly is secured with bolts. If the mechanism is in a different position, you need to turn the crankshaft and repeat the operations.

Ignition adjustment for Euro-2

For Euro-2 units, the procedure for setting the ignition on a KamAZ will be completely similar. The only point: after securing the bolts, you need to lift the stopper, turn it at a right angle and install it in the recess. Under the flywheel housing, you need to secure protection against dirt. The cabin is then restored to its original state. The latches are located on top.

Features of Euro-3

The main difference between Euro-3 is the KamAZ ignition switch, which serves to turn the unit and the entire system on and off. Among its features are the following:

You can disconnect the network from the main power source after starting the engine;
the presence of a lock allows you to control the start of the ignition system;
Using this mechanism, short-term activation of the starter unit is possible. This happens when you turn the key;
The lock has several working positions. When the key is set to position I, systems and mechanisms are activated, powered by the ignition, but independent of the engine. When the key is moved to the final position, the unit itself starts;
The KamAZ Euro ignition switch can also activate a device that locks the steering wheel when the engine is turned off. This allows you to avoid theft.

In conclusion

Despite the fact that the diesel power unit has a simple and understandable design, the elements of its fuel system are considered high-precision devices. In this regard, the installation of a high-pressure fuel pump requires special attention and optimal determination of the angle of injection of diesel fuel through the nozzle into the working cylinder at the compression stage.

Even an error of just one degree can lead to engine failure, which will require an emergency overhaul. Reliable KamAZ Euro trucks are popular in various areas. How to set the ignition on different modifications is discussed above. Knowing the features of this procedure, it is quite possible to adjust the timing of fuel injection on your own with minimal investment of time and equipment.

Methods for checking correct ignition adjustment

The main problem when solving the problem of how to set the ignition on a KamAZ is the correct installation of parts. Immediately after completing the necessary manipulations, the engine must be turned on and checked for signs of improper combustion. If there are any, all operations must be repeated from the beginning until a characteristic ringing sound appears when the accelerator is activated.

Further enhancement of traction and fuel economy depend on the correctness of actions to solve the problem of how to set the ignition on a KamAZ.

Peculiarities

After all the parts are aligned to the marks, you need to tighten the fixing elements and start the engine. The car should start without problems the first time. If the truck does not start or white smoke comes out of the exhaust system, then the alignment is not done correctly by 180 degrees. You will need to unscrew the required parts and rotate them 180° and restart the engine.

If there are no marks or there are unnecessary marks, it is advisable to place the elements approximately in the middle of the adjustment marks. To understand how to correctly set the ignition on a KamAZ, it is necessary to take into account the signs of late and early injection.

Ignition Kamaz Euro 2

Turbocharged V-shaped Kamaz engines react very sensitively to setting the ignition timing. The mark on the high pressure fuel pump (HPFP) should be set in this way. So that fuel injection occurs 4 mm earlier, before the piston reaches top dead center (TDC). In practice, this can be accurately determined by placing a mark along the edge of the indicator arrow fixed on the injection pump. That is, if you rotate the engine along the way, and the mark aligns with the peak of the indicator arrow, at this moment fuel is injected into the combustion chamber.

Then the mark continues to move, and at the moment of alignment with the edge of the indicator arrow, the piston reaches the TDC position at the moment of compression of the fuel in the first cylinder.

And now I would like to tell you in more detail how to do this in practice without error. The position of the piston at TDC is fixed using a stopper located on the flywheel housing.

But since in one revolution of the injection pump shaft the piston passes twice to the TDC position, and we need to determine the TDC position at the moment of fuel compression in the first cylinder. If you do not remove the high-pressure fuel pump, then simply move the mark on the injection pump coupling to the index arrow, release the stopper somewhere in this place, and rotate the flywheel in one direction or the other until the stopper fits into the groove of the flywheel. It is most convenient to rotate the flywheel using a lever, which must be inserted into the holes located in the end of the flywheel.

In this position, the piston will have the TDC position at the moment of compression of the fuel of the first cylinder. Having loosened the bolts of the injection pump drive coupling, align the mark with the edge of the index arrow. In practice, this position of the mark has been verified to be the optimal ignition timing angle. Shifting the mark in one direction or another leads to improper operation of the engine, it begins to smoke and develops poor speed. It is much more difficult to determine the position of the TDC of the piston at the moment of compression if the injection pump has been removed from the engine and needs to be reinstalled. The difficulty is to determine the TDC position of the piston of the first cylinder at the moment of compression. Since the crankshaft makes two revolutions per revolution of the fuel injection pump drive shaft, the piston comes to TDC twice, and we need the moment at which the fuel is compressed. You can, of course, remove the injector and plug the hole with a paper plug; the compression created in the cylinder during compression will push the plug out. At this moment, the stopper will fall into the groove of the flywheel, which will be the position of the piston of the first cylinder at the moment of fuel compression. But this method is not good enough, as it is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Personally, I go by the position of the valves. At the moment of compression, the valves become motionless until the piston reaches TDC, and after passing TDC, the valves are also closed. At the second position of the piston at TDC, one valve closes, and when passing TDC, the second valve begins to open. And to verify this, simply open the valve cover of the first cylinder.

Adjusting the KAMAZ ignition by light bulb

In the case when you do not know how to install the ignition, and at the same time there is no spark amplifier in the car, it is possible to adjust the KAMAZ ignition using a light bulb. To set the ignition using this method, you must first set the cylinder piston to the TDC position. To install the ignition using this method, any twelve-volt lamp for the distributor and car body can be used.

A control lamp is used for regulation.
Using this lamp, the distributor is adjusted.

After turning on the ignition, you need to rotate the distributor in different directions until the lamp starts to burn. When this moment comes, you need to stop rotating the distributor, securing the latter. If the engine performs well but there are significant marking discrepancies, improper engine assembly or timing chain stretch may be suspected.

Source