Small-sized drilling rig - how not to screw up the well?

Recently, an increasing number of people are seeking to acquire private houses outside of large cities. They often do not have a central water supply. For this reason, there is a need for individual water supply. Those who are connected to the central water supply system have complaints about the quality of the water supplied. The problem in both cases can be solved by a small-sized drilling rig, with the help of which it becomes possible to dig a well to gain access to clean artesian waters.

What is a small drilling rig

The mini drilling machine is designed for the same tasks as a conventional drilling rig. It can drill deep into the soil and install casing pipes. A drilling rig is also needed for repairing and eliminating water wells.

What are the advantages of a mini drilling rig:

• Possibility to drill for water anywhere on the site.
• Passage through gates of any width.
• Maneuvering between obstacles.
• Maintaining beautiful landscaping.
• Bypassing the ban on the use of special equipment.

Small-sized installations have a small mast height compared to conventional ones. This means that the rods and pipes are also short. But the threads on them are standard, installation takes no less time. Purge is also performed as standard. All this increases the drilling time for water.

The cost of drilling a MGDU is higher than with conventional special equipment. This is due to labor costs and high material consumption (due to loss of length at joints).

Figure 1: Dimensions of the site for drilling MGBU

Pros and cons of portable installations

Using small-sized equipment, it is possible to drill to a maximum depth of 30 m with a water-bearing well diameter of up to 125 mm. It is also suitable for other work: installing poles, piles and fences.

Drilling with a portable drilling rig has the following advantages:

• the device can be easily transported to the work site in the back of a small truck or light trailer;
• simple and quick preparation of equipment for operation;
• minimum requirements for free space on the site - drilling can be carried out in the basements of garages and adjacent buildings;
• the installation operates from a regular power supply or an autonomous generator;
• the landscape is not damaged;
• fast operation without breakdowns due to the simplicity of the design.

Compared to the pros, portable equipment has much fewer cons:

• use is advisable only in areas where water lies at shallow depths;
• the cost of time and labor to complete the work is higher than in the case of heavy equipment;
• It is not possible to use on difficult soils: rocks, hard-plastic clay.

The demand for drilling wells with portable drilling rigs is growing. The opportunity to obtain your own water-bearing well at minimal cost and without damaging the inhabited area attracts many homeowners.

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Which MGBU does Aqualux+ use?

For drilling water wells, a mini drilling rig MOZBT M4 is used. This is professional-grade equipment. The mini drilling machine works on the same principle as the URB-2A2 model. But the drilling part was moved to a tracked chassis. After passing the MOZBT M4, garden paths are not destroyed, and the lawn is quickly restored.

Characteristics of small-sized MOZBT M4 units:

• Mast length: 5.2 meters.
• Rotator type: hydraulic.
• Weight of MGBU: 3,600 kg.
• Ground penetration: 100 meters.
• Immersion speed: 0.5-3.9 m/hour.

MGBU occupies 2.1 * 1.5 sq.m. area. The mechanism can be controlled remotely via a remote control. For work in the dark, lamps are installed on the body. A sensor system is provided to monitor the condition of the mechanism. The drilling rig operates at temperatures down to -20C. You can drill wells in winter frosts.

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Figure 2: Small-sized drilling rig MOZBT M4 at the customer’s site.

Chinese manufacturers

The main advantage of the Chinese market for special equipment is its low cost. Moreover, all equipment is not inferior in technical characteristics to leading American and European manufacturers. In some cases, Chinese mobile installations are superior to well-known brands. The territorial and economic proximity of Russia and China contributes to the great popularity of mechanisms from the PRC.

Today, of all drilling machines in the country, 60% are Chinese rigs.

The photo shows a mobile drilling rig zj 40

The most famous factories in China are Honghua and Kingdream Public, which is part of the Sinopec corporation. Among the popular Chinese mobile installations are the following: zj30, zj40 and xj1000.

The video shows a mobile drilling rig in operation:

Types of small-sized well drilling rigs

Let's consider the classification of small-sized models, which is based on the principles of operation of the mechanism: motor drill, electric drive, hydraulics, professional.

Motor drill for wells

Cheap type of small-sized devices. The mini drilling rig operates using human physical strength, although the design has an engine. The equipment finds water at a depth of up to 10 m.

Figure 4: Motor drill.

Electric drilling rig

These small-sized models have an electric motor. Unlike a motor drill, here the force is exerted by the mechanism. Drillers control special equipment without using physical force to pierce the rock. Electrically driven mini drilling rig can work for a long time without interruption.

Figure 4: Electrical MGBU.

Hydraulic drilling rig

These models have a diesel engine. The drill string is powered by a motor and an oil pump. The rotating drill moves along the mast.

Advantages of small-sized hydraulic installations:

• High efficiency when drilling on water.
• Destruction of hard rocks.
• Energy saving during operation.
• High safety factor of the mechanism.
• Quick preparation for drilling.

The professional drilling rig MOZBT M4 also operates on hydraulics.

Professional drilling rig

Standard drilling equipment, which is transferred to a small platform. Minimum price of equipment: 1,500,000 rubles. Among the prof. small-sized models include the MOZBT M4 installation described above . Unlike amateurish MGBUs, it has sufficient power to destroy rocky rocks.

What drilling rig should I use to drill a well?

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It will be interesting: Which well is better for a summer house, and which for a private house?

Figure 5: Small professional grade drilling rig.

Technological features of the work

A drilling rig is used to develop a well. Before starting work, dig a pit measuring 1.5 x 1.5 m and 2 m deep. It is needed to ensure that the water supply system is below the soil freezing level.

Drilling equipment is installed in the center of the pit. The drilling process is carried out in different ways, the choice of which depends on the type of soil and the depth of water, but always consists of three stages:

• targeted targeted destruction of soil;
• excavation of excess soil to the surface;
• cleaning and strengthening the trunk.

To avoid the collapse of soil from the walls, the well is reinforced with casing pipes. The gap between the outer part of the pipe and the earthen layer is filled with cement mortar to give strength to the structure.

A deep pump is installed inside the well, with the help of which water is supplied to the top.

Why you shouldn’t order drilling from amateurs

Drilling water-bearing wells requires professional special equipment.

This work cannot be done with your own hands or entrusted to amateurs. Let's list the most common types of mistakes that an amateur team can make.

Drilling tool slurry

Trying to quickly submit an order, amateurs save time on blowing. But this is a mandatory procedure. Without purging, the tool will get dirty (the rods will get stuck in the rock). Trying to pull out the rods, amateurs will break the working tool. Often after such an incident the team leaves without eliminating the consequences.

Small depths and diameters of water wells

A makeshift drilling rig is not designed to handle long tools. MGBUs of this type can drill to a maximum of 20 meters. The trunk diameter will also not be large. These small-sized models have a design that is not suitable for drilling artesian wells.

In the northern part of the Moscow region, artesian water often lies at a depth of 100-200 meters. For wells with high flow rates, a diameter of 125 mm or more is required. Otherwise, all the advantages of drilling for limestone are destroyed by the small diameter.

The dimensions of the equipment are too small

A professional mini drilling machine copes with difficult soils. But artisanal MGBUs do not. If the column encounters tough, sticky clay, it will not be able to break through it. Such small-sized models have insufficient weight.

A professional drilling rig penetrates clay due to its heavy weight. Small MGBUs can spin on the spot in such a situation.

If the hammer hits rocky rock, an accident will occur. The working tool will fly up.

The reason for all the described situations is the same - the drilling rig weighs too little.

A professional mini drilling rig weighs less than a large one. But the equipment has sufficient mass to pass through difficult soils.

Aquifer mixing

Workers who use cheap equipment are often poorly qualified. They do not understand the types of rocks and aquifers. This leads to errors during operation. And the mini drilling rig has nothing to do with it, it’s the design of the wells.

One of the critical mistakes is mixing aquifers. After improper drilling, industrial water from the upper layers of the soil gets into the deep horizons. If the drilling crew worked in one area, problems with water may arise in the entire SNT.

Lack of official contract and guarantee

An amateurish company often works “in a gray way.” The owner of the site does not enter into an agreement for drilling services and does not receive a cash receipt, registration certificate or warranty. If payment for the work is carried out in cash from hand to hand, then it will be difficult to find drillers.

Amateurs often change names and contacts to avoid claims from clients. They also often give incorrect advice on well construction. For example, they give clients cheap vibration pumps that cannot be installed in wells.

How is an exploration well drilled?

Despite the fact that the exploration well is of relatively small diameter and the design used for its construction is lightweight, the equipment for drilling it still requires serious equipment. This is a preliminary search for a water vein, which helps to determine the depth of its location, as well as draw up an estimate for the full water supply of any object. No company will take on a serious project without such preparation. It is necessary for: determining the interval of occurrence of drinking water and its composition; calculating the distance to the mirror, as well as the depth of freezing of the earthen soil; analysis of possible soil shift or subsidence. It is the above factors that will help determine the degree of possibility of obtaining the expected result.

There are several ways to drill an exploration well:

- rotational-column. - rotary-screw. — shock-rope.

Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages; they are selected individually, depending on the type of soil, its hardness, expected depth, desired volume of water and other factors.