Kharkovsky began producing diesel engines in the middle of the last century. The products were intended for installation on vehicles operating in agriculture - combines, tractors. The SMD diesel engine has established itself among users as a reliable mechanism that operates over a long service life without major repairs. At this time, the plant ceased to exist; the production of modern engines of this category was established in Belgorod. Now it is produced by the Belgorod Motor Plant.
Description of SMD engines
Modifications of diesel internal combustion engines produced under the SMD brand have common advantages:
- Economical, low diesel fuel consumption.
- Compact design.
- Relatively small mass.
- Availability of changeover (most often it is necessary to change the power of the unit).
- A large number of spare parts at affordable prices in the retail chain.
- Low cost of the unit in comparison with imported analogues.
Due to the large number of advantages of these motors, they are widely used in the production of agricultural machinery. SMD motors include high-pressure hydraulic pumps for servicing the hydraulic system. Along with the pumps, special spark arresters are additionally installed on agricultural machines. The design of the engines includes fine fuel filters. Their design allows for cleaning and rinsing without dismantling or disassembling.
Depending on the area of use and design of modifications, power units of the SMD brand are divided into the following categories:
- four-cylinder, cylinder arrangement – in-line;
- six-cylinder, in-line;
- 6-cylinder, U-shaped.
Diesel engine SMD 18 N
The engine design includes four cylinders. Fuel is supplied to the cylinders using a proprietary Motorpal fuel injection pump PP4M10P1F-4214 made in the Czech Republic.
- Fuel injection is direct.
- The engine is equipped with turbocharging.
- The cooling system is liquid.
Technical characteristics of the SMD 18N engine:
- power – 100 l. With.;
- crankshaft speed at idle 600 – 1950 rpm;
- specific diesel fuel consumption 165 – 170 g/s. With. h;
- engine weight from 735 to 880 kg.
Malfunctions
Failures of SMD 60 engines are rare and arise, as a rule, due to violation of the rules of their technical operation.
| FAULT | REMEDY METHODS |
| The release of crankcase oil through the exhaust pipe. | 1. Long-term operation of the engine at low and/or idle speeds. |
| 2. Coking of cast iron sealing rings on the turbocharger rotor shaft. | |
| 3. Large gap between the rotor shaft and the turbocharger bearing. | |
| Release of motor oil through the flywheel housing. | 1. The self-clamping oil seal is destroyed. |
| 2. The gearbox O-ring has been cut off. | |
| There is no oil supply to the valve mechanism. | 1. The camshaft bushing rotates. |
| 2. Clogged oil passages of the cylinder head. | |
| 3. Loosening of the camshaft gear. | |
| Extraneous knocks in the engine: | |
| 1. A loud, sharp knock. | The nozzle is broken. |
| 2. Detonating knock. | The injection angle is incorrect. |
| 3. Unclear knocking sound. | Broken valve guide; sticking of the pusher; connecting rod bearings were melted; the connecting rod bottom cover is loosened; crankshaft liners are melted. |
Engine SMD 60
The SMD 60 power unit is designed for T-150 tracked tractors produced by the KhTZ plant. The SMD 62 engine is for the wheeled modification of the T-150K, respectively.
Description of the SMD-60/62 device:
- Number of cylinders – 6 pcs.
- Number of cycles – 4.
- Power – 150 l. With.
- Type of cooling - liquid (in summer, water is poured into the system, at negative ambient temperatures - antifreeze).
- Diesel fuel injection is direct.
- Turbocharging – available.
- The arrangement of the cylinders is y-shaped with offset.
- The piston stroke is less than the cylinder diameter - a short-stroke version.
The engine includes:
- fuel injection pump;
- coarse and fine fuel filters;
- engine oil is purified using a special centrifuge;
- cyclonic air cleaner (dust is removed from it automatically);
- starting motor P-350;
- pre-heating device;
- alternator,
- The engine turbocharger is located in the cylinder camber.
The main difference between the SMD 62 and the base model is the transition to increased power of 165 hp. The pneumatic system of the T-150K tractor is equipped with a special injection compressor.
Operating parameters
The instructions included with the model contain basic information about the rules for operating six-cylinder devices. Like any other mechanism, the SMD-18N requires regular supervision and basic maintenance. Quality characteristics are checked during operation. The developers of the SMD model range promise trouble-free operation of the engines if the regulations on the maintenance of the device are followed.
Adjusting the injection pump for the SMD-18 engine
The occurrence of problems in operation can be associated either with a manufacturing defect or with malfunctions that arose due to improper maintenance of the device. Repair of individual SMD-18N diesel systems is carried out depending on the problem that arose during operation of the device. If the crankcase block has released fuel, then you should not exceed the engine power limit for some time.
In other cases, repair of SMD with 6 cylinders is carried out by replacing individual components. For example, if fuel has escaped through the flywheel and other main parts of the mechanism, then it is worth replacing the sealing element of this unit. Timely preventive maintenance of the mechanism will save owners from unnecessary hassle associated with repair work.
Video on the topic: SMD-18 engine
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Maintenance of SMD 60/62 engines
It is recommended to use special brands as lubricating fluids for tractor engines of these models. In summer it is M10G engine oil, and in winter it is M8G. If you are unable to purchase the recommended liquids, you can temporarily use substitutes:
- summer motor lubricant – M 10B;
- winter diesel oil - DS-8.
Attention: When using analogues, you need to switch to fuel with a reduced sulfur content (no more than 0.5%).
Engine SMD 14
The four-cylinder diesel engine SMD 14A is included in the Kharkov T-74 tractor, and the SMD-14B is intended for the serial tractor DT-54V, produced at the Volgograd Tractor Plant.
Technical characteristics of the SMD 14 engine
- The rated power of the engine is 75 horsepower.
- Number of cylinders – 6 pieces, diameter – 130 mm.
- The cylinder arrangement is U-shaped, with a camber angle of 90°.
- Crankshaft speed 800 – 2180 rpm.
- The piston stroke length is 115 mm.
- Cooling system type – water.
- Ventilation of the cooling system is forced type.
- The SMD-14 includes a starting system with a P-350 motor.
Crankcase and cylinder head
The crankcase is the most basic body part of the SMD-18 diesel engine. It houses parts of the crank and gas distribution mechanisms. The crankcase is a cast iron casting that forms the cylinder block, and the lower one forms the top of the crankshaft housing.
Cylinder liners are mounted in the vertical bores of the upper part of the crankcase. Coolant circulates in the cavity between the crankcase walls and the liners. Bores-beds are integrated into the transverse partitions of the lower part of the crankcase - the crankshaft main bearings are installed in them. The main bearing shells are made of steel-aluminum tape with an antifriction alloy.
On the side surfaces of the crankcase there are several machined mating surfaces for mounting components and assemblies of power, lubrication and cooling systems. The crankcase and cover 3 of the timing gear housing are attached to the front wall of the crankcase. A detachable front support is attached to the gear housing cover. The flywheel housing is attached to the rear wall of the crankcase. The flywheel housing has a special boss with a machined platform and flange for mounting the starting motor and gearbox.
Each cycle takes place during 2 revolutions of the crankshaft, including four strokes: intake, compression, power stroke and exhaust. The working stroke of the pistons in the cylinders follows the following cylinder operating order: 1-3-4-2.
The cylinder head is cast from cast iron and is common to all 4 cylinders. To seal the connector plane, a gasket made of asbestos sheet is laid between the cylinder head and the crankcase.
Cylinder liners are “wet”, made of special cast iron. The sealing of the sleeves along the lower collar is made in the form of 2 rubber rings.
Engines SMD-31
Six-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engines are equipped with turbocharging.
The power of the SMD-31A is 235 horsepower. The main application is the DON-1500 combine.
SMD 31.16 was created for the Slavutich combine produced by Kherson, its power is 265 hp. With.
SMD 31.20 – “Obriy”, the combine harvester is manufactured in Kharkov. Engine power – 230 hp. With.
Technical characteristics of the SMD 31 engine:
- crankshaft rotation speed – 800 – 2130 rpm;
- fuel consumption from 165 to 172 g/l.h.;
- the starting system is equipped with an electric starter 3212.3708, as well as an electric torch heater EFP 8101500;
- assembled motor weight – 1050 – 1100 kg.
Engine SMD 22
This power unit is installed on various domestically produced grain harvesting machines: SKD-6 M, Niva, Yenisei.
Technical characteristics of SMD-22:
- Number of cylinders – 4 pieces.
- Rated power – 140 horsepower.
- Number of revolutions – 650 – 2130 rpm.
- Fuel consumption – 171 g/hp. h.
- Starting motor model – P-10 UD.
- The weight of the unit is 735 – 880 kg.
Technical characteristics of the SMD 21 engine:
- the full name of the modification is SMD-21.07.02;
- equipment – turbocharging;
- liquid cooling;
- Motorpal fuel injection pump;
- number of cylinders – 4 pcs.
- number of revolutions – 2400 rpm;
- torsion moment 610 N.m;
- starting system – electric starter, 24 volts;
- service life before major overhaul is 10 years.
Specifications
| Model | SMD-60; 61 |
| Rated power, kW (hp) | 117,7 (160) |
| Operating power, kW (hp) | 110 (150) |
| Rated rotation speed, rpm | 2000 |
| Minimum stable idle speed, no more than rpm | 800 |
| Maximum idle speed, no more than rpm | 2180 |
| Specific fuel consumption at rated power mode, no more than g/l.h.h. | 238 (175) |
| Specific fuel consumption at operating power mode, no more than g/kWh (g/hp.h) | 248 (182) |
| Oil pressure in the main line of the diesel lubrication system at steady state operating mode and coolant temperature 80–95°C MPa (kgf/cm2): - at rated speed - at minimum stable idle speed, not less | 0,3–0,55 (3–5,5) 0,1 (1,0) |
| Launch system SMD-60 SMD-61 | Starting engine P-350 with remote start Electric starter |
| Diesel design weight according to GOST 20000, kg | 950–1100 |
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Brief overview of SMD models
The SMD 15N and 14N engines are not equipped with turbines and belong to the category of naturally aspirated engines. Thanks to the increased power indicators (68 hp), they have found application in such areas as:
- tractors "Yumz";
- road equipment (loaders, asphalt pavers, rollers);
- construction equipment.
Four-cylinder turbocharged diesel engines SMD-17N, 18N with a power of at least 100 horsepower are installed:
- on agricultural tractors Vg TZ, DT-75;
- forest modifications LHT-55 “OTZ”, TDT-55;
- ATEK excavators.
Is it possible to tune SMD engines?
According to experts, power units intended for agricultural machinery are not subject to improvements in order to improve power characteristics. This is because their design and manufacturing methods are designed to perform specific jobs under specific conditions. Any interference with the adjustments, settings and design of the SMD will lead to disruption of the balanced operation of the engine and the vehicle as a whole.
A wide range of SMD models has been created, differing in power characteristics. Various special equipment vehicles are equipped with the most suitable motor from the wide range available.
If you want to transform the appearance of the vehicle, you can use LED tuning.
Lubrication system
The lubrication system includes: an oil pump with an oil receiver, a centrifuge, an oil radiator, oil channels, oil lines and a turbocharger oil filter. The gear oil pump, located in the front part of the crankcase, is driven by the crankshaft gear.
The lubrication system uninterruptedly supplies oil to the rubbing parts of a diesel engine, reducing their friction and wear, as well as removing heat and gradual wear products from them. The lubrication system is made according to a combined scheme: one part of the parts (main and connecting rod bearings of the crankshaft, camshaft bearings, valve mechanism, intermediate gear bushings and fuel pump gear) is lubricated under pressure, and the other (liners, pistons, rings, piston pins, camshaft cams) , pushers, gears) – by splashing.
During engine operation, oil is pumped from the lower crankcase by an oil pump through an oil receiver and supplied under pressure through an oil line and drillings in the crankcase to a full-flow centrifuge, and then to the oil cooler. The oil, purified in a centrifuge and cooled in an oil cooler, goes into the main oil line, which runs along the block.
From it, oil is supplied through inclined channels in the crankcase to the crankshaft main bearings, lubricating them, and then through drillings in the crankshaft journals and cheeks to the connecting rod bearings, etc.
To clean the oil, the engine has an oil filter - a full-flow oil centrifuge.
