Engine SK-12 (SK12) for walk-behind tractor: characteristics, instructions, photo-video
Specifications
Engine type 4-stroke Engine capacity 490 cc. cm Rated power 11.00 hp Fuel consumption 3 l/h Fuel consumption 355 g/kWh Oil sump capacity 3 l Rotation speed 3000 rpm Torque 27 Nm Direction of rotation counterclockwise Number of cylinders 2 Cylinder diameter 72 mm Piston stroke 60 mm Combination lubrication system, under pressure Lubricating oil M-6Z/10V according to GOST 10541-78 Starting type lever mechanism Magneto ignition system Forced air cooling system Length 465 mm Width 467 mm Height 490 mm Weight 49 kg
Stores where you can buy the engine and its analogues
general description
The SK-12 carburetor four-stroke two-cylinder air-cooled gasoline engine was used on walk-behind tractors and other small-sized agricultural and farm equipment.
SK-12 motor configuration:
- engine,
- individual spare parts kit,
- set of mounting parts,
- documents: passport, list of individual spare parts kit.
Other technical specifications
- Compression ratio: 7
- Gasoline: A-76, A-91, AI-93 according to GOST 2084-77
- Carburetor for internal combustion engine SK-12: K45M
- Air filter for SK12 engine: inertial oil filter with filter element
- Air filter oil bath volume: 700 ml
- Oil purification: part-flow centrifugal filter
- Adjustment of air flow for cooling: manually through the curtains on the fan cover
- Magneto for SK-12: non-contact
- Spark plug: A-10H (CH-200)
- Starting SK12 (optional): pulley device or electric starter
- Engine oil operating pressure: 0.15-0.5 MPa
User manual
Download the user manual for the SK-12 engine (passport 1993)
Selection of photos
Video
Analogs
Attachments
Rear and front type hitches allow you to connect various types of additional equipment to the mini-tractor, for example, a milling cultivator, front loader, plow, snow blower, sweeper brush. Owners of KMZ-012 can improve the functionality of their unit thanks to different attachments. Let's list them.
- Harrows. This equipment contributes to a better plowing procedure than using standard milling cutters.
- Trailers that allow you to transport cargo weighing up to 0.5 tons.
- Blade shovels, which are designed to remove snow cover, leaves, and dirt from the site.
- Plows that allow for more efficient excavation work.
- Lawn mowers. These attachments are capable of mowing weeds and wild vegetation.
- Rotators that are capable of working on dense soils.
- Grass catchers. This is a type of hitch that must be used after mowing the grass that is used for haymaking.
- Spreaders, which are used for scattering seeds, as well as for sprinkling sidewalks and roadways in the winter.
- Snow blowers with an updated design. This equipment is necessary for cleanliness of areas, which is achieved by removing snow and throwing it over a long distance.
- Brushes. This canopy removes not only snow, but also debris. It is often used in public utilities.
Motoblock MTZ-12: technical specifications, photos, table
Author Chervonenko Alexander Viktorovich Reading time 4 min. Published 2020-02-19
Farmers often ask me about the heavy MTZ-12 walk-behind tractor, its parameters and expanded functionality. It must be said that this is the latest device in the line of single-axle soil-cultivating equipment of the Minsk Tractor Plant.
It is designed for carrying out agricultural activities, transporting goods, and working in the public utilities sector. According to the manufacturer, the machine has been discontinued, which forces owners to repair old equipment, including complete replacement of individual components.
Options
The technical characteristics of the device impressed me: a two-cylinder engine producing 11 hp. p., a high-quality transmission and large wheels create the illusion of a full-fledged tractor. Actually, the walk-behind tractor will be such in conjunction with an adapter designed specifically for it.
As a user, I would like to see a durable power unit made in Europe or Japan in a walk-behind tractor.
However, our engines are less picky about the quality of fuels and lubricants, which is important when working in rural areas and problems with the delivery of technical fluids. In addition, the MTZ-12 can be repaired by a mechanic with minimal skills in repairing gasoline equipment.
Table No. 1. Specifications
| Parameter | Meaning |
| Engine | SK-12, four-stroke, air-cooled carburetor |
| Power, l. With. (kW) | 11 (8,82) |
| Cylinder volume, cm3 | 490 |
| Fuel consumption l/h, (g/kW*h) | 3 (355) |
| Tire size, mm | 150 x 330 |
| Track, mm | 400, 650, 700 |
| Ground clearance, mm | 300 |
| Turning radius, m | 1 |
| Processing depth, mm | 300 |
| Dimensions (L x W x H), mm | 1885 x 850 x 1010 |
| PTO | Dependent |
| Weight, kg | 148 |
The four-speed manual transmission provides 4 forward and 2 reverse speeds. At the maximum stage, the walk-behind tractor moves at a speed of 9.6 km/h.
Design and operating principle
All components and assemblies are attached to a cast iron transmission housing. It also houses the differential and multi-plate “wet” clutch.
The device is controlled by means of a remote steering rod. It can be adjusted to the operator by rotating it in the vertical and horizontal plane. All controls are mounted on the steering rod.
Additional weapons
To increase the amount of work performed, the MTZ-12 was equipped with a coupling mechanism. It is necessary for aggregation with soil cultivating and other tools. Depending on the type of implement, the device can:
- plow, cultivate, harrow the land;
- mow the grass;
- plant/dig potatoes;
- hill up plants;
- sweep the streets;
- remove snow.
User guide
In my opinion, the manufacturer has compiled clear and understandable instructions. It describes in detail all the components of the walk-behind tractor, their purpose and operating procedure.
After reading the manual, I had no questions left about how to operate the device. The step-by-step instructions for setting up and repairing the engine and transmission turned out to be useful.
Timing adjustment
Violation of the gap between the valves and rocker arms occurs due to wear of parts or weak fixation of the adjusting screw. Setting the timing belt in the SK-12 engine is similar to the procedures for adjusting other engines with an overhead valve mechanism.
It is necessary to dismantle the head cover, loosen the lock nut and use the adjusting screw to set the required clearance in the corresponding positions of the crankshaft. Assembly is carried out in reverse order.
The manufacturer specified the same clearance between the valves and the rocker arm. On a cold engine it should be between 0.1 and 0.2 mm.
Ignition adjustment
The engine design does not provide for adjustment of the ignition system, but when the engine is running, failures, difficulties with starting, or “floating” speed may occur.
In this case, it is necessary to check the spark plug, high-voltage wires, and electrical contacts. Faulty parts are replaced with new ones, and loose connections are crimped with pliers or a special tool.
Basic malfunctions and their elimination
During the active use of the walk-behind tractor, I encountered critical equipment failures several times. It was difficult to start the engine after winter storage; it did not produce the required torque.
There were no problems with the transmission, with the exception of difficult gear shifting. Interruptions in engine operation were eliminated after adjusting the timing belt, installing a spark plug with three side electrodes and a complete revision of the carburetor.
Engine replacement
The standard SK-12 engine has a certain service life, after which it is necessary to give it an overhaul with a complete replacement of the piston group, grinding the head, and grinding the valves.
I have met owners of walk-behind tractors who threw out the standard engine and installed a diesel power unit of similar power in its place.
Such modernization will provide a noticeable increase in torque, productivity, and most importantly, refueling costs will decrease. When replacing an engine, it must be run in and all maintenance requirements must be met.
Video
After a close acquaintance with the Minsk MTZ-12 walk-behind tractor, I was left with pleasant impressions. The power reserve, attachments, and ground clearance make the model a reliable farmer's assistant.
The device is unpretentious in maintenance and repair, in addition, it can be equipped with an engine from another manufacturer. Read also on the topic: walk-behind tractors MTZ, MTZ-05, Belarus 09N, MTZ-082, MTZ-112.
Attachment overview
Mills, cultivators, harrows, cultivators
The most common attachment for all KMZ mini tractors are active tillers. They are connected to the power take-off shaft, and mix the top layer of soil in order to increase its fertility. The most common rototiller is the saber cutter.
Milling cutter
Harrows are used for removing crust from the ground and softly cultivating the area.
Cultivators are recommended to be used on virgin lands when it is necessary to mix dense soil with the presence of rocky rocks.
The cultivator is used with KMZ 012 minitractors for the purpose of delineating beds before sowing crops.
Plow and plowing
A cheaper attachment for mixing soil is a plow. Its working width is much smaller (about 18 cm), but it sinks deeper (to a distance of about 20 cm). At the same time, the plow can be used to cultivate even heavy virgin lands with a large amount of hard rock.
The entire model range of KMZ mini tractors is capable of operating a two- and three-circuit plow, thanks to this it is possible to significantly increase the single working width.
Trailers and carts
Mini tractors KMZ 012CH are capable of transporting cargo with a total weight of up to 500 kg. For this purpose, special carts and trailers are used.
Owner reviews recommend using dump trailers, they make the unloading process easier. To do this, simply lift the trailer.
Cart
If it is necessary to transport long loads (pipes, tree trunks, etc.), it is recommended to use long carts on 4 wheels.
Mowers and rakes
KMZ mini tractors are often used as lawn mowers. There are two mower options for this:
Rotary
The gripping width of rotary mowers can be from 135 to 137 cm. The gripping height of rotary mowers can be adjusted from 4 to 7 cm. The average productivity of the KMZ 012 mini tractor together with this hitch is 0.85 ha/h.
The rotary mower weighs 124 kg.
Segmental
Rotary mowers can cope with medium-sized grass; if you have to harvest coarse-stemmed plants, it is better to use segmented options. They cut the grass using alternately rotating knives in a horizontal plane. Their working width is 1.2 m. The average productivity of segment mowers ranges from 0.4 to 0.8 ha/h.
A rake can be used to collect grass after a rotary or segment mower. Their working width is about 1 m. To dry the plants, rake-turners are used, which periodically turn the hay.
Potato planter and potato digger
To mechanize work with potatoes, a potato digger and a potato planter are connected to the KMZ 012CH minitractor, respectively.
Vibrating potato diggers dig up soil at a depth of 15 cm, and then use screens to break up the piles so that only root crops remain on the surface.
A simpler tool for digging up potatoes is a plow. Its position must be adjusted correctly, because if this is not done correctly, it will cut a large number of ripened fruits.
Snow blower, shovel
KMZ mini tractors can be used as snow blowers. Special attachments pick up a layer of snow and, using a rotor, throw it to the side at a distance of 10-15 m.
Snow plow for mini-tractor KMZ-012 Rotary blade for mini-tractor KMZ-012
To clear roads and roadside areas of snow, you can use conventional blades. The speed of working with them is much higher, but the result is the same.
Grader
This hitch is used with KMZ 012 mini tractors when leveling land. At the same time, the grader allows you to level even hard rocks.
Communal brush
This device is used with KMZ mini tractors when municipal enterprises clean the streets of debris and dirt.
Sweeping brush for mini-tractor KMZ-012
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Modifications
During the operation of this power unit and its presence on the assembly line, several modifications were produced, which differed in their power indicators:
- For example, for heavy tanks they produced the V-2IS modification, which is a souped-up version with a capacity of 650 horsepower. This modification is distinguished by the presence of an electric inertia starter and the presence of an additional air start.
- Of the interesting modifications, we can note the V-2SN and V-2SF, which were equipped with a centrifugal supercharger from the AM 38 aircraft engine. In this design, these power units developed power of up to 850 horsepower.
In total, based on the modification of the B 2 diesel engine, 5 different power units were produced, which were subsequently separated into separate families and were also used on light and heavy tanks.
usage, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages
The HTZ T 012 minitractor is a small vehicle designed for agricultural work in private households and on small farms. The compact dimensions of the tractor give it excellent maneuverability, which is convenient for working in an enclosed greenhouse or livestock farm. The units are purchased from utility companies for repair needs. Owners of land plots take care of their vegetable gardens, greenhouses, and orchards at KhTZ 12. The PZMD engine copes with servicing land plots up to 2 hectares in size. It is allowed to tow a trailer with a load capacity of up to 1 ton. Purchasing and maintaining a tractor is cost-effective for working on small land holdings.
Technical characteristics of the T 012 tractor
Minitractor HTZ T 012 with cart
Engine characteristics
The T 012 tractor is equipped with a two-cylinder engine , cooled by air flow. The manufacturer guarantees engine operation for 6,000 hours, after which a major overhaul is required. An automatic regulator is installed on the SK-12 engine, the functions of which include monitoring and ensuring the crankshaft speed level at the set level when the load changes to the initial level. To eliminate radio interference, shielding is installed on the elements of the ignition system. The carburetor nozzle accelerates the air to the required speed and cools the engine. The air flow prevents the lubricant inside the cylinder from igniting. A vacuum is created in a narrow cross-section; it facilitates the entry of fuel into the nozzle and spray device. Thus, the fuel is atomized and evaporated.
Driver's seat
There is no cabin as such on the HTZ 12. The driver's seat is not protected in any way; there is no canopy over and around the driver. The chair is soft with a hard back. A steering wheel and pedals control the tractor's progress are installed in front of the driver. All technical control buttons are installed near the steering wheel on the dashboard. If desired, it is possible to install a homemade cabin, which theoretically can be welded to the tractor body.
Fuel
The fuel consumption indicated in the plant documentation is 257 grams per 1 hp. per hour of working time. In fact, the tractor consumption ranges from 1.5 to 3 liters of fuel per hour. Fuel tank size 21 liters.
HTZ T 012
Device
The unit's transmission is multi-stage and connected to the engine via a single-disc clutch mechanism. The forward stroke has two types of movement: working stroke or transportation. The steering column is supplied without hydraulic power and is made with a number of adjustments. The tractor design has two power take-off shafts - front and rear. The shaft drive is independent, which increases the level of operational operation. HTZ 12 drum brake system.
Advantages
The T 12 tractor has a low price compared to full-fledged tractors. The universal use of the unit completely recoups the funds spent on purchase and repair. Even taking into account the fact that the HTZ T 012 minitractor is part of the line of budget tractor units, it is equipped with two power take-off shafts. Their task is to activate the mounted and trailed mechanism attached to the tractor. All systems and tractor units are made with free access for repair work. The disadvantage is the built-in 50 Ampere battery; installing a more powerful battery requires a thorough modification of the energy system.
HTZ T-012 (HTZ T-012) 1997.
Reviews
Mikhail from Voronezh left the following review: I purchased a HTZ T 012 mini tractor about 10 years ago. The tractor has proven itself to be excellent in cultivating my 1.5-hectare plot of field. The device perfectly plows vegetable gardens using an attached rotary plow. Operating and repair costs are relatively small, and the low fuel consumption during the work performed is very pleasing. When carrying out repairs, sometimes I am faced with a lack of products on sale, but I save parts from similar mini tractors that fit my device. Sergey from Rostov-on-Don speaks about the equipment like this: An excellent tractor, I worked over 12 thousand hours on it. After the engine reached the end of its service life, I decided to replace it; the power unit, which is installed on cargo scooters, was ideal for me. I'm happy with the equipment, it's worth the money.
Analog, prices
The Kharkov tractor plant finished producing the T 012 model after 1993. There are no new tractors on the market; only used tractors are available. The cost for it ranges from $1,500 to $3,500. Competitors are other mechanisms from the KhTZ plant - models KhTZ-1410 and KhTZ-1610. Similar units were produced in Minsk and Vladimir. An analogue from China is the Xingtai T12 minitractor.
The HTZ T 012 minitractor is an excellent assistant in a subsidiary farm.
Description of the KMZ-012 minitractor
The KMZ-012 minitractor is used in various farms, public utilities and even at construction sites. Thanks to its small dimensions and reliable design, a tractor can be used to perform functions such as plowing, cultivating the site, cleaning the garden area, hilling seedlings and bushes, and much more.
Using attachments, the tractor allows you to dig potatoes, mow grass, mix concrete, and transport various loads. KMZ-012 is particularly effective in areas of up to 5 hectares, where the use of large tractor equipment is impractical, as it entails high costs, and small units, such as cultivators, cannot cope.
The KMZ 012 minitractor allows you to simultaneously attach two attachments, thanks to which its functionality increases significantly. For the presented model, a wide range of attachments is produced, allowing farmers to choose the appropriate device for their needs. Moreover, the Kurgan plant does not stop there and adds various upgrades to existing equipment.
The presented photos show how compact the dimensions of the KMZ tractor are, and how the appearance looks more like a toy.
Minitractor KMZ 012 with cabin
A significant advantage of the model is the absence of any difficulties in maintenance and repair. Thanks to the possibility of using domestic spare parts and their wide selection, repairs are not expensive. The following technical features can be highlighted:
- High maneuverability in small areas.
- Wide range of attachments.
- Easy to maintain.
- Economical.
- Increased level of driver comfort and safety.
Engine UD 25 - UD 15 characteristics, operating instructions
Engines UD 25 and UD 15 were produced many years ago, but are still used by fans of such equipment. Despite the fact that they are already decades old, they serve their owners faithfully. Such engines were used to drive electric power units and mobile power plants, various agricultural, construction and road machines, including MTZ walk-behind tractors, often used on homemade mini tractors.
Stationary small-displacement engines UD-15, UD-25 and their modifications are designed on the basis of the engine model MEMZ-966 (965) of the Zaporozhets car. The UD-15 engine is single-cylinder, and the UD-25 is two-cylinder. Both UD models are made according to the same design scheme and are as unified as possible.
Technical characteristics of the UD 25 and UD 15 engines
| Model UD - 15 (SK-6) | Model UD -25 (SK-12) | |
| engine's type | four-stroke carburetor | |
| Number of cylinders | 1 | 2 |
| Power (at wide open throttle), hp at 3600 rpm at 3000 rpm | 6 5 | 12 10 |
| Nominal engine speed, rpm | 3000 | 3000 |
| Rated power, operational (long-term) at the regulator, l. With | 4 | 8 |
| Specific fuel consumption at rated operating power, g/l. s h | 330 | 320 |
| Cylinder diameter, mm | 72 | 72 |
| Piston stroke, mm | 60 | |
| Working volume, cm3 | 245 | 490 |
| Compression ratio | 6 | 6 |
| Valve location | top | |
| Adjustment gap between valves and rocker arms (on a cold engine), mm | 0,15 | |
| Fuel | gasoline A-72 GOST 2084-67 | |
| Fuel supply | diaphragm type fuel pump | |
| Carburetor | K-16M (K45M) | |
| Air filter | inertia-oil with filter element | |
| Air filter oil bath capacity, l | 0,074 | |
| Oil: in summer (above +5°C) | diesel Dp-11 GOST 5304-54; diesel DS-11 (M10B) GOST 8581-63; automobile AS-10 (M10B) GOST 10541-63 | |
| Oil in winter (below +5°C) | diesel Dp-8 GOST 5304-54; automobile AS-8 (M8B) GOST 10541-63 | |
| Engine lubrication | combined, camshaft connecting rod bearings and valve lifters are lubricated under pressure | |
| Oil purification | part-flow centrifuge | |
| Oil pump | gear | |
| Operating oil pressure, kg/cm2 | 1,5-5 | |
| Pressure control | rod indicator | |
| Oil tank capacity, l | 1,5 | 3 |
| Engine oil consumption (for topping up), g/l, s.h. | no more than 10 | |
| Magneto | M-137 | M-151 |
| Ignition timing to TDC | 33°±1° | |
| Candle | A-11U (SN-200) GOST 2043-54 or CH-302A | |
| Cooling type | air forced | |
| Regulating the flow of cooling air | louvers on flywheel housing | |
| Launch | lever mechanism | |
| Speed control | automatic centrifugal speed controller | |
| Connection to slave unit | by means of an elastic intermediate coupling element | |
| Overall dimensions, mm: length width height | 410 455 535 | 530 455 564 |
| Weight, kg | 41 | 52 |
Listening to the UD 25 and UD 15 engines for the purpose of diagnosing malfunctions
Listening to the engine while it is running allows you to determine the condition of the main parts at their connections (seats). Piston knock, which occurs when the pistons are heavily worn, can be easily heard on a cold engine on the left side of the cylinder. The knock of the piston pin, which occurs when there is a large gap between the pin and the connecting rod or the pin and the piston, is heard in the upper part of the cylinder head, and with a sharp increase in speed, the knock intensifies.
The connecting rod knock, which occurs when there is a large gap in the connecting rod bearing, is best heard in the upper part of the crankcase near the cylinder. The noise of rolling bearings, which occurs when they wear out, can be heard near their installation sites. Gear noise occurs when the meshing gap is increased. The knocking of valve rocker arms, which occurs when the gap between the valve and the rocker arm is increased, is heard in the upper part of the head.
If repairs are needed, the operating and maintenance instructions for the UD 25 and UD 15 engines will be useful.
SK 6 and SK 12 engines were also used on these walk-behind tractors. We provide the user manual for these engines.
UD 15 engines were installed on the MTZ walk-behind tractor. Detailed information on walk-behind tractors MTZ 05, MTZ 06/12 is available on the corresponding pages of the website.
Carburetor
The UD-15 and UD-25 engines are equipped with a K-16M (K45M) carburetor. The carburetor structure is shown in Fig. 10, 1 1 . Carburetor 3 (Fig. 10) is adapted to work with a centrifugal regulator: the throttle valve 6 is controlled by a lever with a sphere, which is affected by the regulator lever 7. For manual control of the throttle, there is a leash 2 in the upper part. The air damper 9 is controlled manually.
The carburetor provides the ability (if necessary) to adjust engine operation to low idle speed. Adjustment is carried out with a persistent adjusting screw 4 located on the throttle lever in the upper part. Low idle speed should not exceed 1600 rpm. The quality of the mixture at idle is adjusted using screw 5.
Fuel is supplied to the carburetor by diaphragm fuel pump 10 from a separate gas tank not connected to the engine. The operation of the fuel pump is carried out by a cam located on the camshaft. The design provides a lever for manual drive of the fuel pump.
Air enters the carburetor through an inertia-oil air filter 1. The fuel level in the float chamber is maintained constant (19±2 mm) using float 1 (Fig. 11) and shut-off needle 2. When the float is lowered, the channel through which fuel enters from the fuel pump open. Fuel, filling the float chamber, raises the float, which closes the fuel supply channel with a shut-off needle. There is a float stopper in the float chamber cover. The carburetor float chamber is not balanced. The idle system is fed with fuel up to the main jet.
CARBURETOR OPERATION
Engine starting. The engine is started with the throttle valve closed so that the air between the valve and the wall of the mixing chamber flows at a speed sufficient to atomize the fuel. In this case, although fuel flows through the main jet, it is mainly the idle system that operates. Only a small part of the gasoline flowing from the main jet, mainly light fractions, will participate in mixture formation.
Idling . When the engine is running at minimum idle speed, the throttle valve is open 1-2°. The fuel-air emulsion enters through the hole, adjusted by screw 4 (Fig. 10), located behind the throttle valve. When the throttle valve is opened further, the second hole in the idle system also enters the space behind the throttle valve, and fuel begins to flow through both holes. When the engine is idling with the regulator (n=3000 rpm, throttle opening - 5 -7°), in addition to the idle system, fuel is supplied through the main nozzle-atomizer
Medium loads. As the throttle valve opens, the vacuum in the diffuser increases, and the fuel supply through the main jet - atomizer - increases. The role of the main dosing system is increasing. Thus, at medium loads, the fuel supply is ensured by the joint operation of the idle system and the main metering system
Engine UD 25 and UD15 - video
Platform
Features of operation of KMZ-012
Two attachments allow the minitractor to use a very wide range of attachments, thanks to which the capabilities of the KMZ-012 are not limited only to use in agriculture, including in personal subsidiary plots and farms.
The minitractor has also found wide application in construction and public utilities, and even as a vehicle. Mounted implements allow you to plow, cultivate and harrow the soil, sow, dig potatoes and mow, embank trees and shrubs, clear areas of debris and snow, conduct land management work, mix concrete mortar, and if you attach a cart or mounted container to a mini tractor, you can transport solid, bulk and liquid cargo.
In addition, the compactness and amazing mobility of the KMZ-012 make it possible to operate the minitractor in limited areas and cramped spaces: in courtyards and on sidewalks, in vineyards, in greenhouses and warehouses.
The mini tractor is especially popular among peasant farms. There, it is simply indispensable in preparing the soil for sowing and harvesting on plots of 2-5 hectares, where large equipment often has nowhere to turn, and if there is somewhere, it is simply unprofitable for the farmer due to excessive fuel consumption and other costs. The mini tractor not only has an impressive engine life (up to 3 thousand engine hours), but also burns only 3 liters of fuel per 100 km.
SK-12 | Product Reviews
Open source STEM materials provider; allows teachers to create and share personalized digital textbooks
Review
CK-12 is an online educational content site sponsored by the CK-12 Foundation, a non-profit organization committed to increasing access to high-quality STEM content for students around the world. CK-12's core offering is a collection of free digital textbooks (called "Flexbooks") for high school-age students, particularly on science, engineering, and math topics. As of September 2013, CK-12 has created a total of 88 Flexbooks , which cover approximately 5,000 STEM content areas (from life sciences such as DNA vs. RNA to sequences and series in calculations).
CK-12 offers much more than just on-screen textbooks. This gives the word “remix” real meaning in education. In addition to traditional text materials, CK-12 materials are available in more than a dozen other forms, such as videos, quizzes, flashcards, and "simulations," or interactive content that allows abstract concepts to be visualized. For example, force simulation can be demonstrated using interactive a Ferris wheel that the user can click on and proceed to manipulate the force tracker.
Moreover, CK-12 also creates a set of tools that allow teachers, students, or subject matter experts to add additional materials or create materials from scratch. Simply put, users can assemble CK-12 material according to their needs. For example, suppose a high school biology teacher wants to create the equivalent of a textbook on the skeletal system, but hopes to create a balance between textual and visual information. The teacher could draw from the Human Skeletal System collection of materials, specifically selecting written text, a video overview of the skeletal system and a link to the interactive virtual body website. The teacher can also add or remove information from the text component, depending on how shallow or in-depth he or she wants to go with his or her students.
When teachers or students visit the CK-12 website, they can search Flexbooks to suit their needs without logging in. Users also have access to other CK-12 platforms, particularly Braingenie (a collection of quick math and science questions for K-12), I Need a Pencil (free online SAT prep), and FlexMath (a suite of math tools and tests). ).
CK-12 products are free to everyone worldwide and are available in more than 70 languages. However, while teachers and students do not need to register to use CK-12 Flexbooks, those who do will find additional tools and resources to benefit them.
Registered Students: Once registered, students have access to "StudyHELP", a place where students can engage in peer learning; they can post questions about content, form study groups, and make connections with other students.
In addition, registered students have access to the Student Dashboard, a space where they can organize CK-12 content for their use. Updated in September 2013, the CK-12 Student Dashboard includes a self-paced study option with grades attached to each of over 5,000 CK-12 concepts and a group feature where students can form study groups for themselves and their friends or join class group created by the teacher.
Registered Teachers: For teachers, the CK-12 login experience includes a number of tools that support the actual use and implementation of Flexbooks. A teacher logged in has access to a dashboard where they can organize their own content using entire Flexbooks, reconfiguring those Flexbooks, or combining their own added content with existing CK-12 content. Teachers can also use the dashboard to track student mastery of concepts displayed on the first page of the dashboard using the quiz maker feature (see below). Additionally, the Groups feature allows a teacher to create groups of students with whom they can share specific Flexbooks , assign assignments, and track both individual and cumulative progress (either through supervised "Class" groups or the aforementioned "Study Groups" where any member can share content).
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TractorData.com JI Case 530 CK Construction King Industrial Tractor Engine Information
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Engine parts:
JI Body G159 petrol 4-cylinder liquid-cooled 159 CI [2.6 l] Bore/stroke: 3.50 x 4.125 in [89 x 105 mm] Power: 47.6 hp [35.5 kW] (1900 rpm) 52 hp [38.8 kW] (2100 rpm) Air cleaner: oil bath Compression ratio: 7.42:1 Rated speed: 19002100 (torque converter) Firing order: 1-3-4-2 Starting voltage: 12 Oil capacity: 5 quarts [4.7 L ]Oil Change: 120 hrs (oil) 240 hrs (filter) Coolant Capacity: 14 qt [13.2 L] Coolant Change: 1000 hrs (annually) Spark Plug: Prestolit 18 8 Spark Plug Gap: 0.025 in [0.635 mm] Gap at points: 0.020 in [0.508 mm] Intake valve clearance: 0.014 in [0.356 mm] (hot) Exhaust valve clearance: 0.014 in [0.356 mm] (hot)Page information:
Last Updated: March 9, 2022 Copyright: Copyright 2022 TractorData Contact: Peter @ TractorData.com.
TractorData.com JI Case 580 CK Construction King Industrial Tractor Engine Information
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