Electric engine heater satellite installation

Description and installation of the Alliance heater

In search of means to ensure easy starting of the power plant in conditions of reduced temperatures, many car owners opt for antifreeze pre-heaters operating from a 220 V network. In such devices, powerful heating elements ensure fairly quick warm-up of the engine in winter.

At the same time, motorists often give preference to such domestically produced devices, including the Alliance pre-heater.

This decision is often due to the fact that domestic devices are cheaper than foreign ones, with decent build quality and acceptable performance of their functions.

This manufacturer has appeared on the market of equipment for heating power plants quite a long time ago, and its products are in demand.

Types of heaters, features

The company offers a choice of a number of models with different designs and technical characteristics. In most cases, the devices are intended for use on domestic cars and trucks - MTZ, MAZ, Bychok, VAZ, GAZ, UAZ, GAZelle, etc. But at the same time, installation of the Alliance heater is quite possible on foreign cars.

The catalog of preheaters from this company includes the following models:

Design and operating principle

The design of the Alliance 1.5 device consists of a housing with two terminals - a side supply and a central outlet. This housing plays the role of a reservoir, so a heating element is placed inside it. The leads of the heating element pass through the bottom cover, where it is connected to the power cable. Additionally, the design uses a thermostat that turns the device on/off when a certain temperature is reached (the upper limit is 85 degrees C, and the lower limit is 50 degrees C).

To ensure gravity movement of the coolant, a ball valve is installed in the underwater outlet.

It all works like this: initially the valve is open, so the reservoir is filled with antifreeze from the system. As the coolant is heated by the heating element, it begins to expand, causing the valve to shut off the supply. Further expansion causes the already heated antifreeze to be pushed out through the central (waste) outlet. A pressure drop occurs inside the housing and the valve opens again, releasing the next portion of coolant.

As for flow-through models, they are a regular tube in which a heating element is installed. In such devices, gravity circulation is carried out due to temperature differences.

"Alliance -07"

Horizontal flow-type model with perpendicular pins. Designed for installation on vehicles that use a shortened cooling system return pipe and an angled antifreeze supply to the thermostat housing (VAZ classic models and some front-wheel drive models). The power of the heating element is only 0.7 kW, so it is more suitable for maintaining temperature rather than heating coolant;

Connection diagrams

Each type of model has its own connection diagram, which must be followed, otherwise antifreeze circulation will not be ensured (applies to gravity-fed models).

There may be several options for inserting a heater into the system. For example, some cars use a classic connection scheme, in which the fluid is supplied from the hole for the drain plug (a fitting is installed instead), and the outlet leads to the upper pipe coming from the radiator (the insertion is made using a tee).

But more often a slightly different connection scheme is used. In it, antifreeze is supplied through the same drain plug, but the drain is made into the hole in the temperature sensor of the cylinder block. For such a connection, a tee fitting is included with the device. It is screwed in instead of the temperature sensor. The sensor itself is then screwed into the end of the fitting, and the pipe from the heater is put on the side outlet of the tee.

Video describing the Alliance heater

Since the creation of the Minsk Tractor Plant in the middle of the last century, more than three million units of equipment have left the factory’s gates. Having switched to the production of wheeled tractors in 1953, the plant became the main supplier of universal row-crop tractors for the entire agriculture of the Soviet Union. In 1974, the plant produced one of the most successful models, the universal row crop tractor MTZ-80. Its main purpose was to be used in agriculture, but the company’s engineers saw great prospects for its use in other sectors of the national economy. The design of the MTZ-80 provided for the possibility of aggregating the tractor with more than 230 types of machines and mechanisms . In 1975, the first serial MTZ-82 was produced. The MTZ-82 tractor became essentially an all-wheel drive modification of the MTZ-80. The presence of a front drive axle not only significantly increased its maneuverability and traction characteristics, but also expanded its areas of application. MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 have proven themselves to be excellent for working in agriculture. They were readily used by public utilities, construction organizations, enterprises and factories, and logging companies. Many modifications of MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 are produced to this day, and their popularity is always high. When designing the MTZ-80 and MTZ-82, the engineering staff of the enterprise was tasked with creating a tractor capable of operating reliably in all climatic zones of the Soviet Union. Many years of operating experience have shown the correctness of the chosen technical solutions. Minsk tractors showed excellent performance characteristics both in hot regions of Central Asia and in Siberian frosts.

Features of operating diesel engines at low temperatures

Based on the operating conditions of the MTZ-80 and MTZ-82, a diesel engine of the D-240 series was initially installed on the tractor. The power of the four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine was increased to 80 hp. To improve performance characteristics, the engine implemented the principle of a divided combustion chamber with volume-film formation of the working mixture. The complex shape of the combustion chamber creates the necessary turbulence in the air flow, which contributes to a better formation of the working mixture. We can say that Minsk engine builders managed to create a reliable and economical engine. To start the D-240, either an electric starter or a starting motor was used. In conditions of negative temperatures, starting the D-240, like any other internal combustion engine, becomes significantly more difficult. The viscosity of the oil in the lubrication system increases, which requires more force to move engine parts when starting. The atomization of diesel fuel by injectors also worsens due to an increase in its viscosity and an increase in surface tension forces. It is very important that both oil and fuel are suitable for winter use. It is at the moment of start-up that the most intense wear of parts and assemblies occurs, and if fuel and lubricants are selected incorrectly, engine failure can occur. When the ambient temperature drops below 0*C, summer grades of diesel fuel should be replaced with “WINTER”, and at a temperature of -25*C with “ARCTIC”. Failure to comply with this requirement may lead to the formation of solid paraffin fractions in the fuel system, which will inevitably lead to repairs with disassembly of components and assemblies.

Description of the spare part

Found a product cheaper in another store? Let us know, we will quickly check the information and compensate for the difference when purchasing online. Conditions

Overall dimensions: Length x width x height (250x225x95 mm) Volume: 0.0054 m3 Weight: 1.5 kg

Electric liquid heaters “Sputnik” Suitable for the entire range of cars: UAZ, GAZ, VAZ, also Daewoo “Nexia”, there is a universal kit

Purpose: For pre-heating in the cold season of internal combustion engines of vehicles and units

Technical characteristics: Rated voltage 220V Power consumption 1.5 kW Temperature of operation (shutdown) of the thermostat 95C Temperature of return (switching on) of the thermostat 65C Degree of protection IP 34 Climatic version from – 45C

Advantages: 1. suitable for all cars 2. easy to install 3. indispensable in the cold season

Preparing for work

After installing the heater (according to section 6), fill the system with coolant.

Start the engine and let it run for a few minutes. Then stop the engine and add coolant if necessary.

Turn on the heater to a 220V network, check the heating of the outlet sleeve.

After 3-5 minutes, turn off the heater.

Video review of “budget” stationary engine pre-heaters

Sales are carried out from a warehouse in Ulyanovsk. Delivery of the product “Pre-start electric heater “Sputnik” universal, 220 V” is carried out to Moscow, Samara, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Yekaterinburg, Saratov, Krasnodar, Kazan, Perm, Orenburg, Penza and any other cities and regions of Russia.

For regular customers and wholesale buyers, cooperation with us is beneficial thanks to the existing system of discounts, the program of which you can find out from our managers.

Pre-heaters. Purpose, types

To increase the reliability of engine starting at low temperatures, special devices are used - pre-heaters. Conventionally, they can be divided into two categories:

1. Heaters that start before starting the engine in order to increase the temperature of engine components and assemblies, the battery, and also to heat the tractor cabin;
2. Devices that heat fuel during a cold engine start to improve the physical characteristics of the fuel-air mixture. Since the start of production, MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 have been constantly modified. In order to improve performance characteristics, various changes are made to the design of the tractor and its systems. Therefore, depending on the year of manufacture and the specific model, the equipment may vary. Both types of pre-heaters are installed on MTZ-80 and MTZ-82.

Electric torch heater MTZ-80 and MTZ-82

To heat the air and facilitate engine starting at low temperatures, an electric torch pre-heater is installed on D-240 engines. Power is supplied from the on-board battery, and electric current is supplied separately to the filament and the electromagnet winding. Control is carried out from the operator's cabin. When the control switch is turned to the first position, the filament heats up within 15-20 seconds to a temperature of 900-950*C. When the switch is turned to the second position, with the starter starting to operate, the retractor winding of the electromagnet is turned on. By retracting the armature, the coil opens the fuel valve, through which the fuel enters the heated filament, where it ignites. Structurally, the electric torch heater is installed on the engine suction manifold, and ignition of the fuel occurs in its internal cavity. When the starter cranks the crankshaft, heated air is sucked into the combustion chamber, which makes it easier to start the engine. After the engine starts and the starter automatically turns off, the power to the electromagnet coil is also blocked. At the same time, the valve closes, cutting off the fuel supply. The heater operation ends.

Preheater PZHB-200B

To ensure reliable engine starting in the autumn-winter period, a removable heater PZHB-200B can be installed on MTZ-80 and MTZ-82. During the summer, it is removed from the tractor and stored separately. PZHB-200B is installed on the cylinder block, having previously removed the plug present there. It is designed to increase the engine temperature, warm up the oil and coolant before starting the engine. It has a combustion chamber in which a mixture of fuel and air supplied there burns. Hot gases, passing through the boiler flues, heat the coolant in the outer and inner jackets of the boiler. The heated liquid then enters the engine cooling system. The heated liquid circulates in the boiler and cooling system, which leads to pre-heating of the engine. When the engine temperature reaches 30-35*C, the heater should be stopped, then the engine should be started.

Currently, various manufacturers offer preheaters that use external sources of electric current. The operating principle is similar to the operating principle of PZHB-200B, however, instead of a heater boiler using fuel and a glow plug, electric heating elements of various capacities are installed. The higher the power, the less time is required for pre-heating of the engine. Such heaters are powered from an ordinary 220V alternating current network. If you have a power source, this is quite convenient, but when working in the field far from energy sources, such heaters cannot be used.

The MTZ-80 engine produced by the Minsk Tractor Plant is a reliable device with high strength and a long service life. But even the most reliable units can fail at some point, especially if they are not provided with proper and constant care. If the volume of repair work is small, then owners of Belarus equipment in most cases can carry out engine repairs with their own hands.

However, there is a possibility that the tractor will have to be returned for major repairs. The main thing is to understand which faults you can fix yourself, and in which cases you will have to resort to the services of specialists. Let's consider a description of the main causes of power plant failure in MTZ and ways to eliminate them.

Instructions for installing pre-heaters on a VAZ-2190 Granta car

Below we will present the installation of pre-start heaters (boilers) “Severs-M” and “Start-M” on a Lada Granta car, with different schemes for inserting into the cooling system.

How to install the Start-M heater on a Lada Granta with a cable-driven gearbox (16V)

You must first purchase the “Start-M” kit specifically for this brand of car. At the end of the packaging box there is a list of models. Granta should be marked there along with a note about the cable drive and automatic transmission (16-valve injection engine). This is due to a design feature - in this version, the starter closes the coolant drain hole in the engine. Therefore, it will not be possible to screw the adapter into it. You will have to make an insert into the lower radiator pipe and into the hose going to the stove. To do this you will need two tees. You can purchase a modification kit with an 8-valve engine and a rocker gearbox, but you will also have to buy a tee measuring 33 x 33 x 16.

The kit should contain the following parts:

• bracket, 1 pc.;
• tee 19 x 19 x 16, 1 pc.; tee 33 x 33 x 16, 1 pc.;
• bolt M6–35, 2 pcs.;
• nut M6, 2 pcs.;
• spring washer 6, 2 pcs.;
• clamp 16 x 27, 6 pcs.;
• clamp 30 x 45, 2 pcs.;
• sleeve 16 x 25 (input, length 270 mm; outlet, length 580 mm);
• protective sleeve 25 x 40, 50 mm long;
• fastening strap, 4 pcs.

In addition, you should prepare a set of wrenches, a socket screwdriver, a sharp knife, coolant (1–1.5 liters), a tube of sealant and a container for draining antifreeze. The work is performed in the following order:

1. We drive the car into the inspection hole.
2. Open the hood. We remove the air filter with the air duct for more convenient installation.
3. We go down into the pit. Unscrew the antifreeze drain plug located at the bottom of the radiator and drain the coolant.
4. Use a knife to cut the 16 x 25 sleeve into two pieces - input and output, as indicated in the list above. Then we install a longer piece into the outlet hole of the heater, and a shorter piece into the input hole. We fix both sleeves to the pipes with clamps.

What does MTZ engine repair consist of?

First of all, it is necessary to study the technical characteristics of the engines. The tractors of the Minsk Tractor Plant are equipped with four-cylinder D-240 engines, equipped with a water cooling system and running on diesel fuel.

In some diesel units, the D-240L power unit model is installed, which is equipped with a starting engine. During long-term operation of the tractor, breakdowns may occur in all engine systems and some elements may become unusable.

The technical characteristics of equipment are improved from year to year, but many things remain unchanged. That is why general repair recommendations can be given not only for the MTZ-80, but also for the MTZ-82 or MTZ-1221 models.

How to fix a broken engine cooling system

The Belarus engine cooling system is one of the most breakdown-prone parts of a tractor engine. Malfunctions of the cooling system can include both cracks in the cooling jacket and holes formed in the pipes or radiator. You can understand that some kind of similar malfunction has appeared in your tractor by monitoring the fluid level in the cooler: if it decreases quickly, it means there is a leak somewhere. If you notice that the fluid temperature is too high or too low, it may mean that the thermostat is not working properly or the passages are clogged due to scale build-up. The problem may be with the water pump.

If cracks appear in the cooling jacket, they need to be repaired using a welding machine. If the rubber pipes malfunction, you will have to install completely new parts and solder the holes in the radiator. The thermostat, as well as the pipes, will need to be changed. Repaired bearings are easier to handle pump operation. If the bearings become inoperative, the pump will have to be removed and these components replaced with new ones.

The cooling system of wheeled tractors is dual-circuit. In order for the system to work without interruption, you need to fill it with tested liquid. As a rule, antifreeze is chosen - antifreeze diluted with water and special additives that do not allow the elements to wear out due to corrosion.

Consequences of improper installation and operation of 220 V preheaters

The key to proper operation of heating boilers is their correct installation. If the heater is not properly installed into the engine cooling system, it will not effectively warm up the engine. At best, this will take a very long time if the boiler is embedded in a large cooling circuit. Then he will have to heat up all the antifreeze, and the thermostat will be useless.

At the final stage of installation, it is important to properly secure the electrical power cord. It should not touch moving components in the engine compartment, nor should it be exposed to heat from the engine. It is best if the plug or socket is located near the radiator grill of the car. It must be closed with a plug to prevent dirt from entering. Cords with such tips can be purchased in specialized stores - the same places where heaters are sold.

The heater cannot be turned on if there is no liquid in the cooling system, otherwise it will fail. If the connections between the pipes are poorly sealed, a leak will lead to loss of coolant and overheating of the engine. Damage to the insulation of an electrical wire can result in a short circuit when connecting it. If you install the boiler correctly, following all the manufacturers’ recommendations, the engines will warm up quickly. Reviews from motorists in Scandinavian countries confirm the effectiveness and convenience of such devices.

Even if the region where the car is used has relatively mild winters, it makes sense to install a heater. The main thing is to be able to connect it to a 220 V network. In addition, such devices are quite inexpensive. Even a novice motorist can perform the installation, since the instructions are prescribed by the manufacturer separately for each car model. After this, the engine will delight the car owner with trouble-free operation for a long time. And getting into a heated cabin on a frosty morning is much more pleasant.

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Related products and accessories:

Repair of power supply and gas distribution systems of the MTZ engine

Let's look at how to fix problems with the power supply system and gas distribution. If you notice interruptions when turning on, the engine power periodically becomes less and less, which means that most likely there is a problem with the power supply of the equipment. If the power supply system is damaged, it is necessary to check that the fuel supply to the pump is working properly; it is likely that the problem is a clogged fuel line. In this case, it is recommended to clean it. If there was no blockage, you need to deal with the pump: if it does not cope with its functions, it will have to be replaced. After checking the pump, if it is working properly, you need to inspect the fine fuel filter; it is because of this that further problems may arise and it needs to be changed.

"Alliance 3" (MAZ)

Horizontal tank-type model with perpendicular outlets and a power of 3 kW. This heater is designed for use with truck engines;

The type of device affects the principle of operation. If everything is clear with a tank heater equipped with a pump - when turned on, the pump provides circulation, then gravity-fed ones should be considered in more detail, since the scheme of its operation is quite interesting.

Heating system repair

Let's look at how to fix problems with the engine heating system. Due to the fact that the MTZ-80 and MTZ-82 were created back in the days of the Soviet Union, the plant’s engineers were given a very specific task: to adapt the machine to work in all climatic zones of the country. The designers decided to install a special 220V engine preheater on the MTZ-82, which ensured uninterrupted operation of the tractor both on hot and cold days.

In order to make the process of starting the engine easier, an electric torch pre-heater is installed on the MTZ 220V. The pre-starting engine on the MTZ is powered by a battery installed on board the tractor, and the control of the mechanism is started from inside the tractor driver’s cabin. When the heating of the MTZ-82 engine is turned on, the filament heats up in 20 seconds. At the next stage, the electromagnetic winding is connected. Then the fuel valve opens, fuel flows through it onto the filament and ignites there.

The MTZ pre-heater is an element at risk; a large number of tractor breakdowns are associated with it. A knock in the MTZ engine may be associated with a breakdown in this particular element, so you should check the 220 V heater first. Malfunctions associated with this element are quite difficult to solve on your own, but some craftsmen can install a new heater themselves. If you are interested in this approach, collect information on the Internet and begin the repair and installation process of the heater.

A knocking sound at the bottom of the engine may indicate wear on the crankshaft journals. If this is indeed the problem, engine repair will involve changing the shaft liners.

Differences between the Sputnik NEXT heater and the Sputnik:

• Uniform heating.
  Thanks to constant circulation, the entire volume of coolant is heated evenly. This means that all engine parts will warm up smoothly.
• Quick warm-up
  “Sputnik NEXT” is equipped with a circulation pump and a powerful heating element. Due to this, the engine warms up much faster. The recommended warm-up time is only about 30 minutes!
• Easy installation.
  You no longer need to look strictly for the lowest point to install the heater! The coolant circulates not due to temperature differences, but thanks to the liquid pump built into Sputnik NEXT. This greatly increases the number of installation options. Choose the most convenient for you!
• Warranty duration – 1 year.

Repair of MTZ engine lubrication system

Let's figure out how to fix problems with the lubrication system. Oil is one of the key and most important elements in the operation of agricultural machinery, including when it comes to the functioning of its engine. If you notice that the oil level sensor shows too high or low engine oil pressure, this means that the engine lubrication system has become unusable. Malfunctions of this kind may be as follows:

1. Clogged oil passages.
2. Deterioration of the condition of the oil pump gears.
3. Oil filter clogged.

In order to eliminate these problems, it is recommended to clean the lubrication system using special fluids. If the problem is in the oil pump, it needs to be replaced. After replacing and repairing all parts, the required number of liters of new oil is poured into the system. In order to understand which oil is suitable for your car, you need to familiarize yourself with its technical characteristics.

There is a problem with the machine losing power. This may indicate wear on the piston rings of the connecting rod mechanism. This breakdown requires removing all pistons from the power plant and changing the rings of the mechanism.

Repair of the MTZ-1221, MTZ-80 or MTZ-82 engine is carried out in a similar way. Breakdowns in all cases are typical and differ from each other only in the year of manufacture of the tractor. Installing the engine, as well as repairing its main parts, can be done independently, but there are often cases when it is easier to take the car in for repair.

Engine assembly in case of complex breakdowns should be carried out by a specialist: you should not let the situation take its course, as this can lead to even bigger problems.

What a tractor owner can handle on his own is installing and repairing a 220-volt engine heater. The key point is the diagram; you need to familiarize yourself with it before interfering with the engine of the MTZ tractor. Before understanding the breakdown, it is necessary, in principle, to study the entire structure of the MTZ-1221 engine or any other mechanism manufactured by the Minsk Tractor Plant.

The motor, heating, lubrication and power systems require attention from the machine owner and periodic inspection. A wheeled tractor requires maintenance; the heater on the MTZ-82, like other components, is not very difficult to repair. However, it is better if they do not have to be repaired for quite a long time.