K-700/701 "Kirovets"
0
See all photos in the gallery
The first tractor left the assembly shop and entered the fields of the country on July 13, 1962. Mass production began in 1969. It consists of front and rear semi-frames connected by vertical (to ensure the tractor turns) and horizontal (to ensure contact with the soil of all four wheels) hinges. With an engine power of 220 hp. with., making it possible to use wide-cut implements, the K-700 increased the productivity of agricultural work by 2.5-3 times compared to other tractors. The K-700 was developed as a dual-use product: in wartime it was supposed to be used as an artillery tractor. Many years of experience in operating the machine in various conditions and climatic zones have shown high reliability, simplicity and ease of maintenance, maintainability and long service life. On February 1, 2002, the St. Petersburg Tractor Plant ceased production of the Kirovets K-700A and K-701 tractors with the note that they were morally obsolete.
2.
Review of the most versatile and reliable tractors
Each manufacturer tries to combine in its equipment everything necessary for work, to make a powerful tractor that would be suitable for different purposes on the farm. But not all manufacturers succeed in this.
Below we will look at the 5 highest quality tractors that are most in demand among buyers. These models include:
- Fifth place is occupied by Swatt TS-24, a Chinese unit with a motor power of 24 hp. With. It is not expensive, reliable, well-built. Weighing just under 1 ton, it successfully copes with the transportation of small loads, and can also be used in tandem with a loader. This model is well suited for deep plowing of virgin soil, preparing furrows, and hilling large areas of potatoes. It is also used for clearing snow and cleaning the area before plowing;
- Fourth place belongs to the Mitsubishi MT36 unit. This model has a power of 36 hp. pp., which makes it possible to use it in large fields for various tasks such as planting, harvesting and transporting crops. The tractor's reliable 3-cylinder engine copes well with loads and can operate for a long time at high temperatures without breaking down;
- Third place goes to the New Holland tractor. This model has the most comfortable cabin among all the units in our rating. The tractor itself has small dimensions, making it very maneuverable and easy to use. The engine of the unit allows you to perform a different range of work, including preparing furrows, harvesting and transporting crops and hilling;
- Second place goes to the Vario model from the manufacturer Fendt. This tractor is equipped with an impeccable gearbox, which makes it possible to save up to 10% of fuel during operation. Another feature is a powerful motor that accelerates the unit without a trailer to 45 km/h. in 12 seconds;
- The first place can confidently be given to the Massey Fergusson model. This manufacturer is very popular among buyers not only due to excellent elements, but also due to high-quality assembly, small dimensions and high power. Another distinctive feature is the presence of an electronic control system that regulates the supply of fuel in the dosage that the engine needs when performing specific tasks. The tractor engine has a power of 150 hp. s., and its volume is 8.7 liters. Thanks to this, the unit can perform any function, and the owner will not need to take frequent breaks to refuel.
We reviewed the most popular models of universal tractors. Each of them can be used not only in farming, but in other areas of human activity.
HTZ T-150K
0
T-150K is a Soviet general-purpose agricultural wheeled tractor produced by the Kharkov Tractor Plant (KhTZ). The T-150K is a modernization of the T-125 tractor, the design of which is completely original and has no predecessors. In 1979, the T-150K tractor was successfully tested at the international testing site of the University of Nebraska, USA. The tractor has been in production for more than forty years, has undergone several modernizations and is still being produced to this day. It consists of front and rear semi-frames connected by vertical (to ensure the tractor turns) and horizontal (to ensure contact with the soil of all four wheels) hinges. The T-150 without the letter “K” was tracked without a “breakable” frame.
×
3.
Chassis of crawler tractors
General information about the undercarriage of crawler tractors
Tractor undercarriage
consists of a frame, propulsors and suspensions.
The frame carries all the tractor units. The mover takes its weight and sets the tractor in motion. The suspension transfers the weight of the tractor to the soil or tracks. The elastic suspension softens the shocks and impacts that occur when the tractor moves.
The track drive includes a drive sprocket 6, a track chain 4, support rollers 7, a idler wheel 2 with a tensioner and support rollers 5. The sprocket 6 drives the track chain and ensures movement of the tractor. Track chain 4 consists of links hingedly connected using pins. The chain goes around the sprocket 6, the idler wheel 2, the support rollers 7 and the support rollers 5, forming a closed circuit called a caterpillar circuit. The weight (gravity) of the tractor is distributed through the support rollers 7 onto the supporting part of the caterpillar. At the same time, the average conditional pressure on the ground is low, and the grip is good.
The caterpillar chain is equipped with lugs and serves as a track for the tractor frame to roll along it. Rollers 5 support the track chain and keep it from swaying sideways while the tractor is moving. The guide wheel 2 and the tensioner are designed to ensure the correct direction of movement of the track chain, its tension and damping of the track drive.
The advantages of a caterpillar propulsion system are high traction and maneuverability, low average ground pressure. However, tracked tractors are inferior to wheeled tractors in terms of weight, speed, and versatility of use in agriculture.
Elastic and semi-rigid suspensions are widely used on tracked tractors.
The elastic suspension (Figure a) consists of support rollers united by a system of levers and elastic elements, which are pivotally connected to the tractor frame. The rollers are interconnected in pairs to form a balance suspension carriage. Agricultural tractors are equipped with two balance suspension carriages on each side. Elastic suspension (for example, in the DT-75, T-150 tractors) allows each road wheel to follow the ground contour, which improves the smoothness of the ride when driving at high speeds.
Drawing. Suspension diagrams for caterpillar tractors: a - elastic suspension: 1 - cranked axle; 2 - guide wheel; 3 — tension screw with nut; 4 — caterpillar chain; 5 — supporting roller; 6 — drive sprocket; 7 — support roller; 8 — support roller axis; 9 — hinge of the balancing carriage; 10 — balancer hinge; 11 — internal balancer; 12 — spring suspension balancers; 13 — external balancer; b — semi-rigid suspension: 1 — rear suspension hinge; 2 - drive sprocket; 3 — caterpillar chain; 4 — supporting roller; 5 — support roller; 6 — crawler frame; 7 — guide wheel; 8 — tensioner spring; 9 - spring device
The semi-rigid suspension is a tracked vehicle made of beams of various sections on which all the elements of the propulsion are installed. Frame 6 (Figure b) of such a trolley is connected to the frame of the tractor at the rear by hinge 7; in front, the frame rests on it through a flat spring (in tractors T-130, T-4A).
The smooth running of tractors with semi-rigid suspension is worse than that of tractors with elastic suspension.
DT-75
0
DT-75 is a general-purpose crawler agricultural tractor. The most popular caterpillar tractor in the USSR. In 2013, the Volgograd Tractor Plant celebrated the half-century anniversary of the start of production of the DT-75. The tractor has acquired a good reputation thanks to a successful combination of high performance properties (simplicity, efficiency, maintainability) and low cost. Initially, the tractor was equipped with a closed automobile-type cab: an all-metal, two-seater sealed cabin, unified with the cab of the GAZ-51 car. The seat is adjustable according to the weight and height of the driver. The DT-75M tractor had a cab with a deeper height of the cab ceiling and control levers bent towards the tractor driver. The number of vehicles coming off the assembly line is more than 2.7 million. In everyday life, the DT-75 tractor with a fuel tank located on the side of the cab is often called the “postman”.
4.
"BigBud 747"
Thus, the largest tractor in the world is called “BigBud 747”, which can be translated as “Big Buddy”. The world first saw the agricultural giant in 1977 in Montana (USA). The incredible dimensions of the mechanism are impressive; all tractors in the world can reach its height. The unit was created for large-scale plowing of cotton fields. The height of the device is 14 feet (about 4 meters). It reaches a width of 8.2297 meters. The most powerful tractor in the world was designed and created with the technical team of UlburnHensler. At that time, three hundred thousand dollars were allocated for the project. Brothers from Russia were lucky enough to become the first owners of the development. They used it on their farm for about ten years for its intended purpose (the unit carried an 80-ton cultivator). However, in 2009, the mechanism was no longer used for land cultivation. The Canadian company decided to donate a huge tractor to the Heartland Acros Museum (Iowa). The museum built a huge barn with all the amenities especially for BigBud 747.
BigBud 747 at work
Returning to the technical characteristics of the device, it can be noted that the weight of the giant is 95 thousand feet (about 43 tons). Just imagine, when fully equipped, the figure can exceed one hundred thousand. The device operates on diesel fuel, the unit is equipped with a tank with a capacity of 100 gallons. It is impossible to believe that agricultural technology has come to such technical breakthroughs. With the help of a sixteen-cylinder engine, the working power of the mechanism amounts to nine hundred horsepower. This particular engine was made to order. In addition, it is equipped with a 6F + 1R gearbox, which transmits its power to the wheels. The mechanism cabin is equipped with: air conditioning, heater, windshield wiper, two swivel seats, stereo system and radio. On YouTube, videos and photos of the largest tractor are increasingly gaining popularity among lovers of powerful equipment. The BigBud 747 is larger in size only than the Bagger 288 excavator. During maximum load, the unit consumes 65 gallons of fuel per minute.
Bulldozer t 800
MTZ-80/82 "Belarus"
0
MTZ-80/82 “Belarus” is a brand of universal row-crop wheeled tractors produced by the Minsk Tractor Plant (MTZ) from 1974 to the present. The scope of application of MTZ-80 (82) tractors is quite extensive. They can be used for various jobs and are aggregated with mounted, semi-mounted, trailed and stationary machines. Farms and various enterprises have a large number of machines and mechanisms designed to work with tractors. The Minsk Tractor Plant successfully sells all over the world tractors developed on the basis of the MTZ-80, adapted for work in various climatic zones. The MTZ-82 modification has 4x4 all-wheel drive.
5.
Types of equipment by engine power, type of fuel and area to be processed
When buying an agricultural implement for your farm, you should take into account the area that it will have to process and the budget. We advise you to carefully familiarize yourself with how the tractor works and what its general structure consists of. In any case, you will have to pay attention to such a factor as the type of drive of agricultural machinery, that is, the type of fuel that the tractor consumes.
Depending on this, the machines are:
- Diesel - all-wheel drive units equipped with a power take-off shaft. They are distinguished by greater weight, more powerful traction and greater ground clearance. Many of these units are sold with a body in front for more convenient work on the site;
- Gasoline - these tractors, as a rule, have rear-wheel drive, and can be used in small areas with a harrow, plow, cutters and a small trailer.
The area for which the tractor design is designed is also of great importance. If you own a plot of up to 0.5 hectares, then one of the modern raiders with a power of 12–16 hp will be enough for you. With. If the field area is larger and you also plan to use the unit for clearing snow and working with a trailer, then you need to choose a more powerful machine.
Another important criterion is engine power. The most versatile machine is considered to be a tractor with a power of 25 hp. With. Such a tractor will successfully cope with plowing soil over an area of about 5 hectares. To cultivate soil in areas larger than 10 hectares, you should choose tractors with a power of at least 35 hp. With.
Other important factors affecting the operation of the unit include:
- Fuel tank volume – it is optimal to buy a car with a tank volume of at least 3 liters;
- Year of manufacture of the engine - new engines are equipped with unique elements that significantly increase the service life of the tractor;
- Tractor weight – the maneuverability of the machine and its stability on loose soil depend on the weight;
- Equipment – as practice shows, you should not “hunt” for rich equipment. As a rule, half of the inventory in such a set will be of poor quality. Choose tractors with 2-3 attachments - plows, cutters and harrows. This way you will have more chances to buy really high-quality equipment.
Each of these factors is important in its own way, so be sure to consider all criteria. Your attention and responsibility will definitely pay off.
T-16M
0
The T-16M was produced from 1967 to 1995. The minimum speed of the T-16M “chassis” in transmission through the creeper was only 1.6 km/h, which made it practically irreplaceable both in agriculture and in municipal or road construction work. At the front of the chassis frame there are mounting points for installing various additional equipment: a cargo platform-dump truck; different types of loaders; chain saws; a grader shovel and a road brush installed under the frame, a hay mower (pictured) and other things.
7.
