YuMZ tractors. Overview, characteristics, application and operation features

Development and release

YuMZ tractors are universal wheeled vehicles that perform agricultural and transport work. The developer of the tractors was the Southern Machine-Building Plant, also known as the plant named after. L. I. Brezhnev. The company produced not only tractors.

The main object of production of the plant were rockets, rocket engines, as well as other high-tech products, the development and production of which was carried out by the efforts of designers, mechanics and engineers of the then Soviet state.
Other names of YuMZ are “Yuzhmash”, “DAZ” (Dnepropetrovsk Automobile Plant). According to the opinion that developed over the years of existence of tractors produced by YuMZ, these machines were considered the best in Ukraine and in neighboring countries. YuMZ tractors were supplied to the Baltic countries, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Poland. Some of the equipment was even exported abroad, for example, to Cuba, China and Japan. Two years after the release of the first YuMZ 6, 100 thousand copies of this equipment were already produced.

The start of production began with the launch of the MTZ-5LS tractor production line in the early 60s of the last century. They were produced by the Minsk Tractor Plant together with Ukrainian engineers and mechanics. The markings of the equipment were preserved, and the tractors that came off the MTZ assembly line became known as “Belarus”.

Later, after the creation of its own tractor machine from Yuzhmash, the production and export of the already famous “Belarus” continued. At the end of the 70s, the YuMZ trademark finally appeared, cars with the sign of which can now be bought on the move and in good condition throughout the country.

Tractor machines from YuMZ were considered the best in those years and received about. Also, they have been repeatedly recognized as the best agricultural machine of the year. This equipment was distinguished by its high engine life, because the production base was a defense enterprise with the best specialists, materials and the latest technical developments.

Modifications of the YuMZ 6 tractor

Yuzhny Mashinostroitelny Zavod has always strived to make rational changes and additions to its machines. Thus, several modifications of the YuMZ tractor appeared.

YuMZ-6L - this model, produced from 1970 to 1978, did not differ in appearance from the original.

YuMZ-6AL - (1978-1986) had a modernized radiator grille, instrument panel and brake system.

YuMZ-6K - (1986-1993) - this model was aimed at use in industrial enterprises, so the mounting mechanisms for agricultural implements were removed from it and fasteners for an excavator bucket and a bulldozer blade were installed.

YuMZ-6AK (1193-2001) - had an improved cabin, equipped with folding windows, as well as an adjustable steering column.

The EO 2621 “Petushok” excavator is another technical tool produced on the basis of the YuMZ-6 tractor.

Excavator EO 2621 “Cockerel” in the photo

The lineup

The range of tractors from YuMZ was truly extensive. Conventionally, it can be divided into two categories - the original MTZ 5 LS and YuMZ 6, which included certain modifications of the machines:

• MTZ-5LS “Belarus” - under this brand the world saw the original model MTZ-5LS;
• YuMZ-6L “Belarus”;
• YuMZ-6M “Belarus” (rounded radiator grille, as on the 6L modifications);
• YuMZ-6AL;
• YuMZ-6AM (like the AL, it was distinguished by a rectangular hood, a more comfortable steering wheel, and an improved instrument panel);
• YuMZ-6KM;
• YuMZ-6KL (like the 6 KM models, improved visibility of the cabin, without an agricultural attachment system, adapted for working with equipment for a bulldozer, excavator).

MTZ-5

YuMZ-6KM

YuMZ-6KL
In the abbreviation of the designation, the letter “L” means the presence of a starting motor, and the letter “M” means the presence of an electric starter.

The basis for the YuMZ 6 and their modifications was the MTZ-5. The production of the cars finally ceased in 2001. Since then, only used models of YuMZ tractors can be found in public and private farms.

It is well known that in 1974 the documentation for the production of YuMZ6 was sold to Sweden. It was this tractor that served as the basis for the development of the future Volvo VM700 tractor.

The photo shows the YuMZ-6AKM tractor clearing snow.

YuMZ-6AKM

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Specifications

YuMZ tractors have earned their popularity for a reason: they are one of the easiest to operate, reliable and robust machines that perform a wide range of soil work.

In addition, they are able to operate in different temperature conditions; the market offers a huge number of spare parts for this equipment, as well as many types of attachments. The production of machines under the license of the Yuzhmash enterprise is currently carried out at the Omsk plant.

The Transport Engineering Plant produces models of tractors ZTM60/62, which are an exact copy of YuMZ6. These machines are considered one of the most reliable in Russia.

Dimensions, weight

• Overall dimensions of the YuMZ tractor: D4140/Sh1884/H2750. Depending on the modification, there may be slight variations in size.
• Machine weight: from 3400 kg. up to 3900 kg.
• The tractor's traction class is 1.4.
• Wheelbase 2450 mm, ground clearance 64.5 mm.
• Turning radius 5000 mm.

Engine

YuMZ6 were equipped with a four-stroke diesel engine. There was no turbocharging function. Brands of installed engines: D-65N, SMD-15N, D-65L.

Engine SMD-15

Engine D-65N

• Engine power: from 60 to 62 horsepower.
• Engine displacement - from 4.94 liters. up to 4.75 l.
• Shaft rotation speed - 1800 rpm.
• Fuel consumption depending on modification: from 3.8 to 4.2 liters. at one o'clock.
• The fuel tank capacity was 90 liters.

Transmission

The gearbox is five-speed, equipped with a gearbox that doubles the number of gears (not all models, only the last decade of production).

Chassis and transmission

The cars produced were rear-wheel drive, the same applies to the latest modifications.

• The clutch is double-flow, dry.
• The tractor can be controlled in 5 forward gears and 1st reverse gear.
• Brakes: disc type, dry.

Cabin

The cabin of the YuMZ6 tractor was glazed, sealed, the number of seats was 1. The operator’s seat was soft. In front of the operator there is a dashboard and steering wheel, as well as gear shift levers. On Russian models of YuMZ6 analogues, you can often find an insulating cover on the operator’s seat.

Tractor control

1 — chassis, 2 — transmission, 3 — mounted system, 4 — control mechanism, 5 — engine

Tractor steering control. When ordering directly from the factory, you could choose the type of control: mechanical or hydrostatic. The steering wheel is power-assisted and adjustable to suit the operator's height.

It is recommended to use the tractor on slopes of no more than 10 degrees, but practical use shows that the machine maneuvers well on steeper slopes.

Attachments

It is difficult to select the most popular ones among the attachments. Due to the wide range of applications of YuMZ6, the number of attachments is quite large.

The most popular devices are:

• two- and three-furrow plows;
• hillers;
• snow shovels;
• trailers;
• trolleys;
• seeders;
• potato planters;
• root diggers;
• harrows;
• mowers;
• hay rollers;
• fertilizer spreaders.

Blade

Potato digger

Disc harrow

Mounted plow

Features of operation and maintenance

The YuMZ tractor is operated in compliance with the following rules:

• gear shifting is carried out only when the clutch is disengaged;
• engine idling should not exceed 15 minutes;
• after reducing the load, let the engine run for several minutes in low load mode, and only then turn it off;
• when the tractor is moving, only one person can be seated in the cabin;
• regularly lubricate mechanisms and key components of the tractor, use universal lubricant (with special markings for different seasons);
• Activate the starting engine only when the gearshift lever is in neutral;
• for the starting engine it is allowed to use gasoline A76, A72, in the absence of such - A92, to create a combustible mixture for the operation of the PD, mix 20 parts of gasoline and one part of oil for diesel engines, and then pour into the starting engine;
• the fuel needs to sit for about 48 hours before being poured into the diesel engine tank;
• oil for DD - GOST 305-82, oil for PD - according to GOST 2084-77;
• for the gearbox - TEP-15 or TAP-15V.

Maintenance of the YuMZ6 tractor involves monitoring the status of the following parameters:

• tire pressure;
• control of the rear linkage mechanism;
• fuel level;
• control of the movement of all mechanisms, the condition of fastenings;
• engine operation;
• seasonal maintenance as necessary;
• once a year - prevention of gearbox breakdowns.

For new models, running-in is required to increase the life of the tractor so that all parts get used and fit into the grooves. This procedure takes about 6-8 hours, during which the tractor is operated at 50% of its power. Upon completion of the procedure, it is necessary to change the engine oil.

For used tractors, running-in is not necessary.

At the end of the operating season, the tractor must be mothballed. It must be cleaned, placed in a dry place, the oil drained, the spark plug wires disconnected and the parts lubricated to prevent corrosion from forming.

Main malfunctions of YuMZ tractors and their elimination

Next, we will look at the main malfunctions that may arise during the operation of YuMZ tractors, as well as ways to eliminate them:

• The engine does not start - perhaps it is not warmed up enough or the fuel filters are clogged;
• the diesel engine operates intermittently and does not reach full power - you should check the fuel filter and the condition of the fuel pump;
• the starting engine is acting up - check the carburetor bolts, replace the gasket, check the condition of the spark plug, if necessary, clean the spark plug or replace it;
• the attachment does not stay raised - replace the seals, examine the condition of the hose connectors.

Advantages and disadvantages

The YuMZ wheeled tractor has the following positive characteristics:

• high power level;
• good performance;
• economical engines;
• large selection of working equipment;
• simplicity of design;
• reliability of all systems;
• ease of repair and maintenance;
• unpretentiousness to fuel and lubricants;
• quality components.

The disadvantages include a rigid chassis, low speed of the power plant and the lack of a comfortable workplace.