YuMZ tractors are among the most popular representatives of the Belarus brand family of agricultural machines. They combine everything you need to successfully work under intense and frequently changing loads. YuMZ models are characterized by the highest reliability, maneuverability, excellent performance and, most importantly, ease of use. All these advantages make each YuMZ tractor stand out against the background of its domestic and imported analogues.
YuMZ tractors are characterized by high reliability, maneuverability in areas with limited space, resistance to frequent changes in loads, as well as unpretentiousness to the quality of fuel and lubricants. The design of each YuMZ tractor is thought out to the smallest detail. which greatly simplifies its maintenance and self-repair.
Nowadays, YuMZ agricultural machinery has found wide application in various industries. Mainly, tractors are used in the agricultural sector, where they successfully cope with pre-sowing soil preparation, caring for grown crops, planting, collecting and transporting crops, as well as spraying crops, preparing hay bales and mowing grass.
In addition to agriculture, the YuMZ brand model range is intensively used by utility workers, construction workers and workers in the logging industry. Wear- and corrosion-resistant spare parts for the units make it easy to start the tractor even in extreme frosts or extreme heat. This feature makes YuMZ equipment in demand in almost all countries of the post-Soviet space and abroad.
Development and release
YuMZ tractors are universal wheeled vehicles that perform agricultural and transport work. The developer of the tractors was the Southern Machine-Building Plant, also known as the plant named after. L. I. Brezhnev. The company produced not only tractors.
The main object of production of the plant were rockets, rocket engines, as well as other high-tech products, the development and production of which was carried out by the efforts of designers, mechanics and engineers of the then Soviet state.
Other names of YuMZ are “Yuzhmash”, “DAZ” (Dnepropetrovsk Automobile Plant). According to the opinion that developed over the years of existence of tractors produced by YuMZ, these machines were considered the best in Ukraine and in neighboring countries. YuMZ tractors were supplied to the Baltic countries, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Poland. Some of the equipment was even exported abroad, for example, to Cuba, China and Japan. Two years after the release of the first YuMZ 6, 100 thousand copies of this equipment were already produced.
The start of production began with the launch of the MTZ-5LS tractor production line in the early 60s of the last century. They were produced by the Minsk Tractor Plant together with Ukrainian engineers and mechanics. The markings of the equipment were preserved, and the tractors that came off the MTZ assembly line became known as “Belarus”.
Later, after the creation of its own tractor machine from Yuzhmash, the production and export of the already famous “Belarus” continued. At the end of the 70s, the YuMZ trademark finally appeared, cars with the sign of which can now be bought on the move and in good condition throughout the country.
Tractor machines from YuMZ were considered the best in those years and received about. Also, they have been repeatedly recognized as the best agricultural machine of the year. This equipment was distinguished by its high engine life, because the production base was a defense enterprise with the best specialists, materials and the latest technical developments.
Excavator Application
Using a grab, fertilizers, straw, bulk materials, and other cargo are loaded. Using a backhoe:
- digging pits with a dump or removing the excavated soil;
- digging trenches and holes.
All work can be carried out on various soils:
- clay;
- earth;
- salt marshes;
- slag, etc.
There is a hook for loading and a bulldozer for raking.
Description of those parts of the excavator
Using a YuMZ excavator, they develop small faces, create embankments, clear the territory and perform other installation work. This technique can be used as a crane or hydraulic hammer, a fork or a straight shovel.
The high quality of steel from which spare parts for excavator equipment are made is of great importance. Due to its high maneuverability, this equipment is in great demand in a wide variety of farms.
Initially, the YuMZ excavator was intended for use in construction and public utilities. After modernization, it became suitable for use in the agricultural industry.
These machines are still used in various farms, although they have already been discontinued.
The key to their success is their relatively small size, maneuverability combined with high productivity. And their low cost is another indisputable proof of their advantage over imported cars of the same class.
The lineup
The range of tractors from YuMZ was truly extensive. Conventionally, it can be divided into two categories - the original MTZ 5 LS and YuMZ 6, which included certain modifications of the machines:
- MTZ-5LS “Belarus” - under this brand the world saw the original model MTZ-5LS;
- YuMZ-6L “Belarus”;
- YuMZ-6M “Belarus” (rounded radiator grille, as on the 6L modifications);
- YuMZ-6AL;
- YuMZ-6AM (like the AL, it was distinguished by a rectangular hood, a more comfortable steering wheel, and an improved instrument panel);
- YuMZ-6KM;
- YuMZ-6KL (like the 6 KM models, improved visibility of the cabin, without an agricultural attachment system, adapted for working with equipment for a bulldozer, excavator).
MTZ-5
YuMZ-6KM
YuMZ-6KL
In the abbreviation of the designation, the letter “L” means the presence of a starting motor, and the letter “M” means the presence of an electric starter.
The basis for the YuMZ 6 and their modifications was the MTZ-5. The production of the cars finally ceased in 2001. Since then, only used models of YuMZ tractors can be found in public and private farms.
It is well known that in 1974 the documentation for the production of YuMZ6 was sold to Sweden. It was this tractor that served as the basis for the development of the future Volvo VM700 tractor.
The photo shows the YuMZ-6AKM tractor clearing snow.
YuMZ-6AKM
Purpose
The YuMZ unit belongs to the famous Belarus line of machines. The scope of his activities includes the following types of work:
- movement of goods;
- digging trenches and pits;
- loading and unloading operations;
- transportation of soil to the dump;
- formation of embankments;
- clearing areas of snow and debris;
- plowing of agricultural land;
- milling and loosening the soil;
- sowing crops;
- watering plants;
- fertilization;
- harvesting.
Tractor Yumz 6, general view
Specifications
YuMZ tractors have earned their popularity for a reason: they are one of the easiest to operate, reliable and robust machines that perform a wide range of soil work.
In addition, they are able to operate in different temperature conditions; the market offers a huge number of spare parts for this equipment, as well as many types of attachments. The production of machines under the license of the Yuzhmash enterprise is currently carried out at the Omsk plant.
The Transport Engineering Plant produces models of tractors ZTM60/62, which are an exact copy of YuMZ6. These machines are considered one of the most reliable in Russia.
Dimensions, weight
- Overall dimensions of the YuMZ tractor: D4140/Sh1884/H2750. Depending on the modification, there may be slight variations in size.
- Machine weight: from 3400 kg. up to 3900 kg.
- The tractor's traction class is 1.4.
- Wheelbase 2450 mm, ground clearance 64.5 mm.
- Turning radius 5000 mm.
Engine
YuMZ6 were equipped with a four-stroke diesel engine. There was no turbocharging function. Brands of installed engines: D-65N, SMD-15N, D-65L.
Engine SMD-15
Engine D-65N
- Engine power: from 60 to 62 horsepower.
- Engine displacement - from 4.94 liters. up to 4.75 l.
- Shaft rotation speed - 1800 rpm.
- Fuel consumption depending on modification: from 3.8 to 4.2 liters. at one o'clock.
- The fuel tank capacity was 90 liters.
Transmission
The gearbox is five-speed, equipped with a gearbox that doubles the number of gears (not all models, only the last decade of production).
Chassis and transmission
The cars produced were rear-wheel drive, the same applies to the latest modifications.
- The clutch is double-flow, dry.
- The tractor can be controlled in 5 forward gears and 1st reverse gear.
- Brakes: disc type, dry.
Cabin
The cabin of the YuMZ6 tractor was glazed, sealed, the number of seats was 1. The operator’s seat was soft. In front of the operator there is a dashboard and steering wheel, as well as gear shift levers. On Russian models of YuMZ6 analogues, you can often find an insulating cover on the operator’s seat.
Tractor control
1 — chassis, 2 — transmission, 3 — mounted system, 4 — control mechanism, 5 — engine
Tractor steering control. When ordering directly from the factory, you could choose the type of control: mechanical or hydrostatic. The steering wheel is power-assisted and adjustable to suit the operator's height.
It is recommended to use the tractor on slopes of no more than 10 degrees, but practical use shows that the machine maneuvers well on steeper slopes.
3. Cabin of the YuMZ-6 tractor
Cabin of the tractor YuMZ-6 AKL 1992.
The described model is quite easy to operate and has a comfortable workplace for the operator. The cabin of the YuMZ-6 series tractor is distinguished by its structural strength and is equipped with a spatial frame for driver safety. Entrance is through doors located on the sides.
The glazing is two-level with large panoramic windows along the perimeter in the upper part, as well as small ones at the bottom of the front panel and both doors. There are rear-view mirrors and windshield wipers with electric drive. The rear and side windows open by turning around a horizontal axis installed in the upper part.
The cabin of the YuMZ-6 tractor is mounted on four rubber shock absorbers supported by a frame in the front and wing brackets in the rear. The following elements are located here:
- The driver's seat is height-adjustable and mounted on a spring shock absorber.
- Controls: Steering column with a mechanism for steplessly changing the position of height and reach.
- Gear shift levers, gearbox parking brake and power take-off shaft mechanism.
- Pedals: clutch and brake system.
The cabin is equipped with large rear-view mirrors and visors to protect from direct sunlight. Temperature and humidity conditions are provided by a built-in heater with a fan. There is a drawer for placing a first aid kit, an ashtray, and the basic package includes a thermos for water and a special clip for its placement. The cabin is considered excellent by experts in terms of ergonomics and convenience.
Attachments
It is difficult to select the most popular ones among the attachments. Due to the wide range of applications of YuMZ6, the number of attachments is quite large.
The most popular devices are:
- two- and three-furrow plows;
- hillers;
- snow shovels;
- trailers;
- trolleys;
- seeders;
- potato planters;
- root diggers;
- harrows;
- mowers;
- hay rollers;
- fertilizer spreaders.
Blade
Potato digger
Disc harrow
Mounted plow
Device
The basis of the YuMZ machine is a frame consisting of side members and a transverse beam. The front part is equipped with an axle with small diameter wheels. They are controlled by trunnions. A drive to the drive axle is mounted at the rear of the tractor. To ensure good cross-country ability, the machine is equipped with low-pressure tires. The tractor is equipped with the following systems:
- separate hydraulic system;
- electrical equipment designed for a 12 volt network;
- air supply system;
- a mechanism that ensures the operation of rear linkage equipment.
The steering device is equipped with a hydraulic booster, which ensures comfortable control of the unit. The braking system is represented by shoe and disc type mechanisms.
Features of operation and maintenance
The YuMZ tractor is operated in compliance with the following rules:
- gear shifting is carried out only when the clutch is disengaged;
- engine idling should not exceed 15 minutes;
- after reducing the load, let the engine run for several minutes in low load mode, and only then turn it off;
- when the tractor is moving, only one person can be seated in the cabin;
- regularly lubricate mechanisms and key components of the tractor, use universal lubricant (with special markings for different seasons);
- Activate the starting engine only when the gearshift lever is in neutral;
- for the starting engine it is allowed to use gasoline A76, A72, in the absence of such - A92, to create a combustible mixture for the operation of the PD, mix 20 parts of gasoline and one part of oil for diesel engines, and then pour into the starting engine;
- the fuel needs to sit for about 48 hours before being poured into the diesel engine tank;
- oil for DD - GOST 305-82, oil for PD - according to GOST 2084-77;
- for the gearbox - TEP-15 or TAP-15V.
Maintenance of the YuMZ6 tractor involves monitoring the status of the following parameters:
- tire pressure;
- control of the rear linkage mechanism;
- fuel level;
- control of the movement of all mechanisms, the condition of fastenings;
- engine operation;
- seasonal maintenance as necessary;
- once a year - prevention of gearbox breakdowns.
For new models, running-in is required to increase the life of the tractor so that all parts get used and fit into the grooves. This procedure takes about 6-8 hours, during which the tractor is operated at 50% of its power. Upon completion of the procedure, it is necessary to change the engine oil.
For used tractors, running-in is not necessary.
At the end of the operating season, the tractor must be mothballed. It must be cleaned, placed in a dry place, the oil drained, the spark plug wires disconnected and the parts lubricated to prevent corrosion from forming.
Main malfunctions of YuMZ tractors and their elimination
Next, we will look at the main malfunctions that may arise during the operation of YuMZ tractors, as well as ways to eliminate them:
- The engine does not start - perhaps it is not warmed up enough or the fuel filters are clogged;
- the diesel engine operates intermittently and does not reach full power - you should check the fuel filter and the condition of the fuel pump;
- the starting engine is acting up - check the carburetor bolts, replace the gasket, check the condition of the spark plug, if necessary, clean the spark plug or replace it;
- the attachment does not stay raised - replace the seals, examine the condition of the hose connectors.
Southern Machine-Building Plant Stepson of rocket production
The Southern Machine-Building Plant began in July 1944, when by order of the State Defense Committee of the USSR a resolution was adopted on the construction of the Dnepropetrovsk Automobile Plant.
Initially, it was intended to produce the GAZ-51, and largely for this reason, after the start of construction in October 1944, V.A. was appointed chief designer of the auto giant being built on the southern outskirts of Dnepropetrovsk. Grachev, but in July 1945 it was decided to take the ZIS-150 as a basis and expand production, taking into account the planned production volumes - up to 300 thousand trucks per year. It is interesting that the first products, two ZIS-5s, were produced by the Auxiliary Equipment Plant in December 1946, and from this date the history of DAZ as an automobile plant can be counted. A month later, the enterprise's design bureau began designing trailers for the DAZ-150 and DAZ-485, and in mid-1948 the plant began producing K-31 truck cranes and assembled the first copy of the DAZ-150. In 1949, events progressed: the transition to the production of K-32 truck cranes; start of testing of DAZ-485 amphibians; organization and subsequent production of ZIS-585 dump trucks; start of trial operation of DAZ-150 of various modifications; development of experimental 5- and 3-ton 4000M forklifts.
By the time the USSR Council of Ministers issued a decree on May 9, 1951 on repurposing the automobile plant to produce rocket technology, DAZ had produced more than 2,000 vehicles of all types and by September had completely curtailed their production. In subsequent years, the “mailbox” of medium-sized mechanical engineering was renamed the Southern Machine-Building Plant, entered the general engineering system and became an “invisible plant.”
The tractor history of the secret plant began in December 1953, when MTZ-2 tractors began to be assembled here. This was done for the following reasons: covering rocket and space production, loading the capacity of auxiliary and related production, reducing the load on budget expenditures and, finally, saturating the domestic market with wheeled tractors, which also had good export potential. MTZ-2 is the first mass-produced domestic wheeled universal row-crop tractor with pneumatic tires. It was aggregated with 19 working bodies and trailed implements.
Its production at Yuzhmash continued until 1958, and a total of 148,800 units were produced together with the Minsk Tractor Plant. After this, the enterprise switched to the production of MTZ-5L and MTZ-5M tractors, the production of which continued until 1961. Following this, the production of high-speed models MTZ-5LS and MTZ-5MS was launched, which stood on the assembly line until 1972. Among the main advantages MTZ tractors of early series - complete interchangeability of the gearbox housing, rear axle, final drive parts, differential locks, half-frame parts, gearbox gears (1st gear and reverse and intermediate reverse). In addition, complete interchangeability of the PTO shaft, pump, hydraulic system distributor, etc. was allowed. At the same time, unification with Minsk tractors of the 1.4 t traction class was one hundred percent.
The first YuMZ-6 tractor of its own design was produced in Dnepropetrovsk only in 1971. Since the basic doctrine of secrecy and cover of rocket and space production at Yuzhmash was preserved, tractors were produced and exported under the Belarus brand, although outwardly they differed from the Minsk “wheelers”.
Justice was restored only in the late 1970s. Tractors then acquired the YuMZ sub-brand; some models continued to carry the Belarus trademark. By that time, Yuzhmash tractors were considered the best. They were the first among tractors to be awarded the Quality Mark, they were recognized as the best Machine of the Year, they had the highest engine life, since the main units were manufactured by defense enterprises with a high work culture: the D-65N diesel engine of the Rybinsk Aviation Plant, identical to the D-50, the clutch of the Kovrov Small Arms Plant etc. Among engineers, for its unpretentiousness and simplicity of design, as opposed to the Minsk “Belarus”, which became more complex from year to year, it was nicknamed an analogue of the “Ford T”.
Universal row-crop tractors of the YuMZ-6L/-6M series for inter-row cultivation of row crops, harvesting in combination with mounted, semi-mounted and trailed machines, as well as for transporting goods and driving stationary machines, remained in production until 1979. This is the most massive YuMZ series sold more than a million copies and competed in popularity with models from the Minsk plant. After modernization carried out in 1977–1979, the tractors received a new tail with a semi-mesh radiator lining. In 1983, the plant was renamed the Southern Machine-Building Plant named after. L.I. Brezhnev, but the mention of the manufacturing city on the plates continued to be ignored. By 1985, when production of YuMZ-611L and YuMZ-611M began, all models of the YuMZ-6 series (L, M, AKL, AKM, AL, AM) received a mesh front section and a new, more comfortable cabin, different from MTZ with the thickness of the racks and geometric parameters, since the tractor was basically previously adapted to work with earth-moving equipment: trenchers, mounted excavator units, loaders and bulldozer attachments.
In 1986, the YuMZ-611 series was supplemented with all-wheel drive modifications YuMZ-611KLN with a starter and YuMZ-611KLM with a starting motor, but these tractors went into production only in 1991. The reason was that the front drive axles were taken from the MTZ-82 , were not suitable due to a number of design limitations, so they began to use bridges from LTZ-40AM, the production of which was mastered at YuMZ itself.
The beginning of the 1990s was almost marked by the modernization of the 6th series: the YuMZ-6STL tractors with a 65-horsepower turbodiesel, the more advanced YuMZ-615, YuMZ-650 (4x2) and YuMZ-652 (4x4) with a modernized cabin.
At one time, Rybinsk engine engineers prepared a more powerful D-75L/M engine for Dnepropetrovsk residents, but it never went into production, but by the turn of the millennium, the production of tractors of the 800 and 8000 series with 80-horsepower diesel engines RM-80, D-245.4, D-243C-359, Deutz BFM1013-E, IVECO 8045/25.850.
Since one of the main features of the YuMZ tractors was its adaptation to construction needs, a rear-wheel drive SESH-6002 chassis was developed for mounting an excavator column and high-performance 100-horsepower YuMZ-10244 tractors and modifications for working with municipal and transport-loading equipment.
In the early 1990s, they also tried to organize the assembly of YuMZ tractors in Omsk and the Moscow region using 70.75% of Russian components. At the end of 1993, the state-owned Omsktransmash plant began production of the ZTM-60 (4x2) and ZTM-62 (4x4) tractors. For work in the city and in enclosed spaces, versions of the main engine with a gas-diesel power unit were prepared: two 117-liter cylinders with compressed petroleum gas or four 40-liter cylinders with compressed natural gas were mounted in the front part. The company also produced ZTM-80L with an 80-horsepower D-65 diesel engine, but by mid-2000, production of ZTM in Omsk decreased and has now practically ceased.
User reviews
Judging by the ratings and feedback from YuMZ 6 users, this series of machines is distinguished by good quality and an affordable price. The latest reviews of these units are represented by the following comments:
- The machine's survivability can outshine any analogue from a foreign manufacturer. Failed working units can be repaired directly in the field. The downside is the lack of a driven front axle.
- The tractor has good transport speed, it is very maneuverable and easy to control. The machine is quite simple and economical to maintain. The downside of the unit is the cabin: an uncomfortable workplace and lack of air conditioning.
