Among domestic heavy equipment, Ural dump trucks rightfully occupy a leading position. The powerful engine and significant carrying capacity of these vehicles allow them to be used for a variety of tasks, among which transportation of large volumes of bulk materials is one of the main ones.
Among special equipment of this class, many cargo carriers and private owners give preference to these workhorses, since, unlike their Western counterparts, Ural dump trucks are distinguished by their low cost and convenient maintenance. In addition, the operation of these vehicles is possible in a wide variety of weather and operating conditions. Such dump trucks don’t even care about the lack of roads on construction sites – they confidently maneuver from one construction site to another.
As a rule, dump-type special equipment is usually divided into several types, depending on the shape of the body. Thus, a distinction is made between trucks whose body shape resembles a “scoop”, trucks with low sides and the possibility of extending them, and long-wheelbase dump trucks with high sides.
The wide range of Ural dump trucks is represented by vehicles with all of the above types of bodies. In addition, based on the method of unloading the dump truck, several groups of trucks are distinguished, which will be discussed below.
Engine Ural-6563
The dump truck of this model is equipped with a V-shaped eight-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine YaMZ-7511, liquid-cooled, with compression ignition, and turbocharged. Its working volume is 14.86 liters. The rated power is 294 kW (400 hp), at a crankshaft speed of 1900 rpm. The maximum torque of the YaMZ-7511 engine is 1715 N.m (175 kgf.m), at a crankshaft speed of 1100-1300 rpm.
This torquey and high-torque engine allows you to accelerate the Ural-6563 dump truck with minimal gear changes. This provides significant savings in diesel fuel during the daily operation of the dump truck. The engine service life before major overhaul is 800 thousand kilometers. This motor complies with Euro-2 environmental standards.
Power point
One of the main technical characteristics of the Ural 63685 car, like any other vehicle, is the type of engine, which determines the car’s power, fuel consumption, environmental class, etc.
The road-type trucks under consideration are equipped with YaMZ-7601 power units produced at the domestic Yaroslavl Motor Plant. This 4-stroke 11.15-liter engine:
- runs on diesel fuel;
- features a V-shaped configuration;
- has 6 cylinders and a pre-heater;
- equipped with a turbine with intercooler;
- complies with the Euro3 eco-standard;
- develops a power of 300 horsepower.
The ease of maintenance of the engine installed on the Ural 63685 vehicle deserves special attention. Thus, for daily checks and inspections of the internal combustion engine, it is not necessary to raise the cab of the vehicle.
Transmission, cardan drive, axles of the Ural-6563 dump truck
The car is equipped with a clutch model YAM3-184. This is a dry type, friction clutch, single-plate pull-out type, with a diaphragm spring, hydraulic drive with a pneumatic booster.
The gearbox used here is the YaM3-2Z9 model: mechanical, nine-speed, with synchronizers operating in all gears except reverse, with a planetary range shifter. The gearbox control is mechanical, remote, telescopic type.
Gear ratios: I-12.24; II-6.88; III-4.86; IV-Z,5O; V-2.74; VI-1.97; VII-1,З9; VIII-1,OO; IX-0.78; R (reverse) -1О,О4.
The torque from the gearbox is transmitted to the drive axles of the truck by a cardan drive. It consists of 2 cardan shafts. The cardan shafts are of the open type, with complex sealing of needle bearings in the hinges, with end splines on the flanges and telescopic protection of the spline connection. The needle bearings in the shaft forks are secured with retaining rings. Needle bearings can be secured using caps. The cover fastening bolt is fixed with locking plates. The cardan shafts have the same design, but the rear axle drive shaft is of a reduced size.
The drive axles of the Ural-6563 vehicle were installed by the Chinese company FAW, which has long been well known in the CIS.
The two front axles that are not driven, with steered wheels, are I-beams. Two driven rear axles - with spaced final drive, with inter-axle differential locks, with a lockable inter-axle differential on the middle axle. The differential locks are controlled pneumatically. The main gear ratio is 4.8.
The special equipment of the car is the power take-off, which operates from the gearbox. It is mechanical, single-stage, with a pneumatic control drive, with the installation of an NSh-5O pump.
Frame and chassis
The frame of the Ural-6563 truck consists of two side members, which are connected to each other by cross members with bolts of strength class 8.8, as well as self-locking nuts. The cross-section is variable, width: front – 95 cm, rear – 77 cm.
In the front part, a front towing cross member with a towing device according to G0ST-259O7 is mounted on the frame (two towing forks with king pins, size “Z”). This allows the use of a rigid “triangle” type tug, used as a coupling link with the towing machine. At the rear there is a towing device according to G0ST-2Z49, standard size “Z”, hook-and-loop type, towing eye, pivot device or towing device of the “Jost” type.
The front suspension of the car is separate, dependent, on two longitudinal semi-elliptic springs on each axle. The springs work in conjunction with two double-acting hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers. And also - with a torsion-type anti-roll bar.
The rear suspension is dependent, balanced, with reaction bars, on two longitudinal semi-elliptic springs, with torsion bar anti-roll bars, which are installed on the rear axle.
Disc wheels, split, with a flat rim, size 8.5-2О, with conical landing flanges 5 degrees, centered along the central hole of the disk. The rim offset is 185 mm. Tires used are 12.00R20 154/149J U4, ID-304 or 12.00R20 154/149J model O-75 - pneumatic, tubed, with universal tread patterns. The nominal air pressure in tires is 850±20 kPa (8.7±0.2 kgf/cm2). The spare wheel holder is vertical, located on the front side of the dump body.
Suspension
The excellent technical characteristics of the Ural 63685 are largely determined by the front and rear suspensions of the dump truck, which have a similar design. At the front, twin semi-elliptic springs are used, working in conjunction with telescopic shock absorbers on both sides simultaneously.
As for the rear suspension, its structure is similar, but the difference is that it is reinforced with springs.
With such basic equipment, the Ural 63685 easily overcomes off-road conditions, and in the cabin the driver and passengers do not feel any significant inconvenience or discomfort.
Brake system
The Ural-6563 dump truck is equipped with a pneumatic brake drive from Knorr-Bremse and an anti-lock braking system from Wabco (Germany).
The working brake system of this truck (with a dual-circuit pneumatic drive and ABS system) uses drum-type wheel brake mechanisms. The emergency braking system is one of the circuits of the service braking system.
Parking brake system - with four spring energy accumulators that act on the brake pads of the wheels of the rear and middle axles
The auxiliary brake system is a compression type brake installed in the exhaust system.
Cabin and cargo platform
The Ural-6563 dump truck is equipped with a fairly modern and comfortable cabless cab located above the engine. It is mounted on a frame, on a four-point spring suspension with shock absorbers and anti-roll bars.
To provide access to the diesel engine, the truck cab tilts forward 60 degrees. The cabin locking device is a hydraulically driven lock. The cab tilting mechanism is hydraulic, manually driven.
To make it easier to wipe the cab windshield, a special folding step is provided.
The cabin is double. It has driver and passenger seats, both sprung and adjustable. The instrument panel with small dials looks, of course, archaic - you can feel the “military past” of the car plant and the cars it produces. However, the necessary instrument readings are easy to read. The speedometer has a digital odometer with glowing green LCD numbers. And at the very top there are bright indicator lamps in two rows.
The two-spoke steering wheel has an impressive diameter. Its thick, pleasant-to-the-touch rim fits securely in your hands. The angle of inclination and height of the steering column are adjustable, but, however, only with a special key from a spare parts kit.
The cabin is equipped with a powerful and efficient interior ventilation and heating system. It is also equipped with electrically controlled and heated rear-view mirrors, which create additional comfort for both the driver of the dump truck and its passenger.
The main cabin heater is liquid, powered by the engine cooling system. An independent air heater is optional.
The cargo platform of the vehicle is a tipper with a tailgate and automatically unlocked side locks. The internal useful volume of the body is 16 m3. The angle of its rise during unloading is 40 degrees. This loading platform is lifted by powerful hydraulics produced by the Italian company Penta. The underbody is heated by exhaust gases (heated exhaust pipes in the floor) and has automatically unlocked tailgate locks.
Modifications
A large number of modifications have been created on the truck platform for different tasks. There are even unusual configurations, for example, an army armored truck. The most common configurations of the Ural-5557 will be listed below.
| Dump truck Ural-55571-40 | The truck has the function of unloading the rear sample on the platform of the original machine. It is used to transport construction waste, sand, soil and other construction materials. The main difference from the unique vehicle is the increased carrying capacity of the vehicle by 3,000 kg. |
| Fire engine | Fire truck Ural. This truck is a modification of a unique model represented by the 3-bridge automobile tank AC 5.5 40. It is used to extinguish fires. It has characteristics that are almost in all respects similar to those of the standard version. The overall dimensions were slightly changed (length – 8,000 mm, width – 2,500 mm and height – 3,400 mm). There is an installed fire installation, which makes it possible to store 6 cubic meters of water. There is also a foam block designed for 360 liters. The pump is capable of flowing 40 l/sec. and more. |
| Dump truck Ural-55571-44 | From the very beginning, the machine was in the dump truck version, but today the 55571-44 configuration is used as a dump truck version. Its dimensions are as follows: length is 8,170 mm, width is 2,500 mm and height is 3,275 mm. The power unit is used YaMZ-236NE2. The car has a double all-metal cabin with a sleeping bag. |
| Ural 5557-10 | To make the machine more convenient to use for rural needs, the 5557 model is in some cases equipped with a hydraulic body lifting mechanism, which at the same time provides the ability to unload on both sides, which is extremely convenient for bulk materials. Most often you can find mechanisms of the Ural-5557-8603043 model. A model with a similar device is called an “agriculturalist”, and the most popular is the Ural-5557-10 model, which weighs 6,745 kg and has a load capacity of 16,500 kg. |
Technical characteristics of Ural-6563 in numbers
- Load capacity – 25,000 kg.
- The vehicle's curb weight is 15,850 kg.
- The total weight of the vehicle is 41,000 kg.
- Distribution of the load on the road from a loaded Ural-6563: through the tires of the first axle - 4450 kg; through the tires of the second axle - 4650 kg; through the tires of the cart wheels - 6750 kg.
- Distribution of load on the road from Ural-6563 with total weight: through the tires of the first axle - 7500 kg; through the tires of the second axle - 7500 kg; through the tires of the trolley wheels - 26,000 kg.
- The minimum turning radius of the vehicle along the track axis of the front outer (relative to the center of rotation) wheel is 11.4 m.
- The highest speed of the car is 100 km/h.
- The maximum incline the vehicle can overcome is 47 percent.
- Control diesel fuel consumption at a uniform speed of 60 km/h is 42 liters per 100 km.
- Fuel tank capacity – 350 liters of diesel fuel.
Price
The excellent operational and technical characteristics of the Ural 63685 truck make it very in demand and popular. However, the price of a dump truck directly depends on the year of manufacture of the car, the condition of the units, equipment and mileage.
Today, cars manufactured in 2005 are valued at approximately 350 thousand rubles. Models of 2006 cost 100 thousand more, and the price of cars of 2007 starts at 950 thousand.
For a completely new truck in the basic configuration you will have to pay at least 1.85 million rubles, which is quite a bit when compared with its closest competitors.
As for the configuration, the modern Ural 63685 boasts the presence of such options as:
- ICD and MRD;
- PTO and ABS;
- platform heating by exhaust system.
preheater; automatic unloading function; heated and electric side mirrors; sun visor and fairings. Most of these options require additional payment, and therefore their presence automatically increases the cost of the vehicle.
Reviews from drivers and owners of Ural-6563
The Ural-6563 has little in common with the classic UralAZ trucks. Firstly, it has a hoodless layout and a corresponding cabin from the Italian Iveco TurboStar tractor - originally from the early 90s, but compared to the classic Uralovskaya - modern and comfortable. Secondly, the front axles and the rear tires are not driven; this vehicle is not an all-terrain vehicle, but intended for roads.
The interior of the cabin is decorated with light gray soft plastic of good quality, fabric upholstery, quite modern and comfortable car seats: both are sprung, with variable stiffness and with adjustable backrest and cushion angles. Unfortunately, there is no full glove compartment. It is partially replaced by one small drawer above the windshield, on the partner’s side, as well as a “wardrobe-closet” behind the seats.
The lack of a classic engine tunnel is said to be a plus of the cabin design. Therefore, if necessary, the driver or partner can easily change places without leaving the cab. Although the large gearbox lever will be a little in the way. Another complaint is that the steering column can only be adjusted using a key.
Between the seats there is only a small plastic box shifted forward. It contains buttons for differential locks, ABS, body lift, etc. Below are the AirTronic “autonomy” keys from Eberspacher.
According to owners' reviews, the RBL integral steering system, with wheel rotation angles of up to 45 degrees, a Wabco pneumatic braking system with ABS, and a transmission with locking inter-wheel and center differentials provide the Ural-6563 with excellent handling in any road conditions and at any time of the year.
The low-turn steering wheel for a car of this class (four turns from lock to lock, plus a little more), powerful power steering and good wheel alignment of the two front axles allow you to maneuver with ease and without problems.
This useful quality is also greatly facilitated by excellent visibility through the exterior mirrors, in particular through the additional wide-angle mirror on the right side of the cab.
Convenient handrails make it easy to get into the cabin. The lower step is on cables. The cabin, by the way, is located high, and the driver’s seat is high: “You can see the roof of the buses and it seems like you’re about to assemble trolleybus wires.” However, it is very warm: warmer than in similar KamAZ and MAZ vehicles.
Naturally, in a loaded state, you can move out of the quarry only on the bottom row of the nine-speed YaM3-2Z9 gearbox: in first through fifth gears inclusive. At the same time, as experience shows, getting out of the loading area is quite easy, even if there is a steep climb ahead and an unclear, washed-out and muddy track. You can start from first gear, without even engaging the center and cross-axle differential locks.
The 400-horsepower “eight” YaMZ-7511.10-12 does not cause any problems and pulls perfectly: a steep and long climb from the bottom of the quarry, on wet and muddy ground, can be overcome not only in first, but also in second and even third gear. Increased engine pickup is observed in a wide range of revolutions: from 1 thousand to 2 thousand revolutions per minute. It is best to keep the tachometer needle approximately in the middle of the green zone - 1.5 thousand revolutions per minute.
The engine brake is activated by a floor button, which also serves as a jammer: you can’t stop a powerful diesel engine with a key. The pedal assembly deserves the most praise. Short-travel, non-stiff pedals do not tire at all during long-term work on a dump truck, while at the same time allowing precise dosing of gas and braking force.
But you need to get used to the high gearshift lever. Its travel is long, but the clarity of the gear shifts is not impressive: reverse gear is especially difficult at first. You need to get used to it and adapt.
The car's brakes are good, they hold with a death grip - they have been repeatedly tested on slippery and muddy slopes. Excellent smoothness, acceptable noise level at medium speeds and virtually no vibration load on the controls complement the positive reviews given by the owners and drivers of this dump truck.
There are various options for supplying the Ural-6563 dump truck, with additional equipment: air conditioning and (or) autonomous heater from Webasto; steering control of the “screw-ball nut” type; additional insulation of the cabin; additional fuel tank.
In terms of reliability of the Ural-6563 truck, depending on your luck. Many people have to become a “super mechanic” and a “super mechanic” during its operation. The weak point on some cars is the gearbox: the synchronizers, clutch 1 of the reverse gear, and gear of the 1st gear break.
The frame of the Ural-6563 is a powerful frame, the balancer axle is better than that of similar MAZ and KamAZ vehicles. Thick cylinder, excellent body heating, thick rear springs. The axles are reliable, you just need to constantly check the condition of the bearings in the hubs and the play in the driveshaft.
The dump truck moves smoothly, is not afraid of overload, the lift is excellent, it lifts 30 tons without even straining. You just have to get used to the locking of the tailgate, otherwise it breaks.
One owner says that there was a defect from the factory: the hub was not repaired. As a result, at night the axle shaft bent and the final drive cracked from fragments. The following are noted as weak points: the bipod lever (breaks): the metal is coarse-grained Chinese, better on KamAZ trucks; on the clutch, the cylinder that compacts the fluid is of poor quality: “threw it out and installed a KamAZ one with a small modification, and forgot”; The self-adjusting ratchets slip, so “I welded the stoppers like on the old ones.”
In general, the Ural-6563 is characterized as “the same MAZ four-axle vehicle, on a more reliable and stable platform: when unloading, slopes do not matter at all.
