Proper plowing of the land using a walk-behind tractor, setting up and preparing the garden for plowing

Tuning a plow is a real art. For more than a thousand years, farmers have begun plowing by adjusting this unit. The purpose of the plow is to turn over the top layer of soil, mix it and create favorable conditions for plant growth. This is a basic agricultural task that prepares the soil for sowing, making it fertile. Plowing is done once a year, and subsequent cultivation of the land is called harrowing.

Agricultural equipment is used for plowing: cultivators, walk-behind tractors and tractors. A plow is connected to the equipment, which performs plowing. A walk-behind tractor is often used to work in dachas and garden plots.

The most important thing when plowing is to set up the plow correctly. If the adjustment is incorrect, the equipment will begin to slip, sink deeper into the ground, and the biochemical processes in the soil that are necessary for plant growth will be disrupted.

Setting up a walk-behind tractor

Working with a walk-behind tractor begins with setting it up. It depends, first of all, on the area of the plowed area, as well as on the quality of the soil. Some universal rules will help you set up your equipment correctly:

The recommended diameter of the lugs is 50-60 cm, and the width is 18-20 cm. If the dimensions are smaller than those specified, the equipment will not make it possible to make an even furrow; it will be driven on different sides.
It is preferable to choose a solid wheel rim so that earth does not accumulate on it.
The weight of the unit must be less than 70 kg, otherwise it will constantly slip.
The position of the machine itself when plowing should be such that its entire base is completely in contact with the soil. Otherwise, the plowing depth will either be too great, or, conversely, plowing will not work at all.
When attaching the plow to the coupling device, the fastening nuts are not fully tightened. This leaves the possibility of further regulation. Using just two pins, you can easily connect the plow to the mounting eyelet.

How to plow with a walk-behind tractor and plow

Before starting to plow the area, you need to carry out a test plowing to check the adjustment of the device. Check the depth your unit is designed for. When moving along the furrow, check the operation of the plow. If the device does not work correctly, adjust it directly in the ground. Assess the load on the walk-behind tractor when plowing and the correct movement.

If during test plowing you are convinced that the equipment is working correctly, then you can start plowing:

We set the unit at the border of the desired area, turn on first gear and hold the clutch. Make sure that your steering wheel is parallel to the ground so that the car goes straight forward and does not dig into the ground.
The plowing process should occur without effort on the part of the operator. With good setup, the equipment moves and plows the area on its own, and you only control it.
After cutting the first furrow, measure the depth with a ruler or tape measure. If the depth matches the one you set the unit to, then you can continue working.

Benefits of using a plow

Using mechanical tools to plow a field greatly simplifies farm work. According to statistics, the yield almost doubles if the field is processed using specialized devices.

The following are the advantages of using motorized plows:

saving time and getting better results by applying a minimum of effort;
additional loosening of the soil and subsequent fertilization using one tool;
uniform cultivation of the land and, as a result, improved structural quality and condition;
saturation of the soil with moisture and oxygen;
slowing down the growth of weeds through land cultivation.

Do-it-yourself plow for the Neva MB-2 walk-behind tractor

There are several types of plows for a walk-behind tractor, but the easiest one to make with your own hands is a single-body plow, the drawings and dimensions of which can be easily found on the Internet.

At the first stage, you need to select the material for manufacturing. The cutting part - the ploughshare - must be made of hard hardened steel grade 45 with an HRC strength scale of 50-55. Carbon steel will also work, provided the cutting edge is hammered on an anvil and sharpened well. For the moldboard of the plow - the part that takes away and turns over the earth - almost any material is suitable; it can be used with less rigidity.

You can make a blade in different ways, the simplest is to work with a metal blank 3-5 mm thick. This method requires additional equipment in the form of a metal bending machine, which is used to shape the future product - the bend should be 20-22°. Another option is to use a pipe with a diameter of 600-650 mm as a blank, from which a part is cut out by welding.

The best design option would be a plow with a removable share, which can always be sharpened without difficulty. It is also possible to manufacture a plow using welding: the blade is welded to the plowshare and the shield at the back. This design is more durable, but there are difficulties with sharpening the cutting part.

Detailed instructions for assembling the plow and installing it can be found in numerous articles and videos from craftsmen.

What type of plows for the Neva MB-2 walk-behind tractor do you prefer?

The advantages of homemade “gadgets”

When making a homemade plow, you can get advantages that are not available in factory models. By creating a plow with your own hands, you can adjust it to the required values necessary for cultivating a certain soil on the site, for example, hard or soft. Such parameters may be different: the angle of inclination of the ploughshare, the width and depth of plowing of the field, and the efficiency of loosening.

If the engine power is taken into account when creating, the resulting product will not produce additional load on the motor cultivator, the wheels will not slip during operation, and plowing efficiency will be optimal. Moreover, if you make single-body or rotary plows with your own hands, the material can be adjusted to the required quality, and thereby increase the service life of such a unit several times. By making the plow yourself, you can provide the possibility of attaching additional “gadgets” for plowing the land.

How to make adjustments

width;

depth of entry;

angle of inclination.

To independently adjust the plow, the width is set at its edges. For better crushing and easy cutting of the soil, its edge should be attached at the same height as the soil hook, focusing on the inner side.

In this article you will learn how to make a hiller for a walk-behind tractor with your own hands.

Read here what is better to use a walk-behind tractor or a cultivator at the dacha.

The depth is built up after the walk-behind tractor is placed on the stands. Installed stably, without displacement towards the plow.

The height of the stands should be adjusted depending on the depth to which you plan to plow the soil. If this is plowing before the winter season, then the depth is chosen to be approximately 25 cm. In spring, the depth is up to 20 cm.

After installation and selection of depth, the plow mount is adjusted. The ideal option is when it is adjacent to the soil.

If this is your first experience in plowing the ground with a walk-behind tractor, then use the tension rope as a guide, since the first row should be straight in order to further build on it.

You can also use a support wheel, it is located to the left of the plow, and runs on uncultivated ground, thereby preventing too deep penetration and adjusting the depth.

After installation, the walk-behind tractor is adjusted with special bolts so that the rear part of the plow is parallel to the soil.

The last step in the adjustment is to remove the walk-behind tractor from the stand and adjust the steering wheel to the height of your lower back. This is done to reduce stress on the hands during prolonged work.

How to prepare for work?

Preparing the unit for work includes installing lugs, as well as hanging and adjusting the plow.

Installation of lugs. These devices are metal wheels with a diameter of up to 60 cm and a width of 17-20 cm. Thinner samples are also available for sale, but it is not recommended to buy them. This is due to the fact that it is very difficult to make an even furrow with thin hooks: the walk-behind tractor will swing in different directions and it is quite problematic to cope with it in such conditions. In order to install the lugs, the unit is placed on a flat surface, the original wheels with rubber tires are unscrewed and the hubs are removed.

The hubs of the hooks are put on the drive axle, secured with pins and secured with cotter pins.

The hitch hubs are slightly longer than usual, so their use leads to an increase in the track width, which makes the walk-behind tractor more stable. After the hubs are securely fastened, lugs are mounted on them. When attaching metal wheels, you must ensure that the tread tapers forward. It is advisable to select hooks in such a way that after hanging them, the total weight of the unit is more than 70 kg. Otherwise, the machine will slip and the processing will be uneven and of poor quality. If you purchase lugs that are too light, you need to take care of additional weighting of the structure. To do this, you can purchase a set of additional weights, the installation of which will provide the required weight.

Installation and adjustment of the plow. The plow is secured using hitches that are attached to the unit using a king pin. It is recommended to make the connection of the hitch and the unit with a backlash of 5-6 degrees. If you fix the plow motionless, then when plowing it will begin to swing the walk-behind tractor from side to side, which is due to the uneven influence of the soil on it. When connecting the hitch to the plow, it is not recommended to tighten the nuts completely. This is due to the fact that there is an adjustment process ahead, during which they will have to be tightened and loosened more than once.

To make adjustments, you must install the unit on bricks or stacked boards. The height of such a structure should be equal to the plowing depth and be 20-25 cm. The lugs should be fixed, thereby ensuring complete immobility of the walk-behind tractor. Then the plow is positioned so that the entire length of the field board lies on the ground. In this case, the plow stand must be located strictly perpendicular to the ground and parallel to the inner end of the toe.

Then the slope angle of the field board is adjusted, while the distance from the nose of the plow (ploughshare) to the heel should be 3 cm. If the slope adjustment is neglected, then during operation the plow will begin to dig into the ground, the engine will overheat and work will have to be stopped. Next you need to adjust the track width. To do this, the right edge of the ploughshare is aligned with the inside of the right lug.

With this arrangement, the soil will be cut absolutely evenly, and it will become easier to operate the unit.

Starting the unit. Before starting a gasoline or diesel engine, you need to check the oil level and fill the tank with fuel. Two-stroke gasoline models run on a mixture of gasoline and motor oil, while powerful four-stroke models “use” pure gasoline of the A-92 and A-95 brands. When refueling a walk-behind tractor with diesel fuel, you should take into account the temperature conditions and fill in winter diesel fuel in the cold season. Also, before starting, you should check the functionality of the steering wheel, gas, reverse and clutch, after which you can start it.

To turn on a gasoline engine equipped with a manual starter, open the valve on the fuel tank and set the choke lever to the “Start” mode. Then, without turning on the ignition, perform 3 to 5 starter movements, after which the ignition is turned on and the engine is started. As soon as the engine starts, the choke is immediately switched to the “Operation” mode. On walk-behind tractors equipped with an electric starter, starting the engine is even easier. To do this, simply turn on the ignition, the electric pump pumps fuel into the carburetor and the engine starts.

Before starting the diesel engine, all air in the system is expelled with an electric starter, and after diesel fuel takes its place, the engine is started. If the engine is equipped with a manual starter, then simply open the diesel fuel supply valve, set the gas and press the decompressor. Then the starter is pumped several times, the decompressor snaps into place and the engine starts.

Video: Adjusting the Plow on a Motoblock With an Adapter

Before you begin the main plowing of the soil with the motor unit, plow the plow and evaluate whether the plow is correctly adjusted, what is the quality of the soil and the depth of the furrow.

The ridge of the next furrow should lie close to the ridge of the previous furrow, i.e. there should not be more than 10 cm between them (ridges). Also, the next furrow should not lie on the previous furrow with loose soil. To do this, the right wheel of the walk-behind tractor should be inserted not at the base of the previous furrow, but in the middle of its blade (previous furrow) (photo 6).

How to plow with a plow, recommendation

Walk-behind tractors make manual labor much easier for many homeowners and garden owners. When used correctly, the motor unit will become an indispensable assistant in your family. But not everyone knows how to plow with a walking tractor.

Rather, they do not know how to properly prepare a walk-behind tractor and plow for plowing and cultivating the soil. But it's not that difficult. Follow our recommendations and you will succeed.

First of all, depending on the size of the area being worked, you need to choose a suitable walk-behind tractor and plowing tool. All outgoing blocks are divided into three types:

1. Light mobile blocks or cultivators weighing no more than fifty kilograms. The power of the cultivator ranges from three to five horsepower. Designed for tillage using a cultivator or cutter. The treated area is up to six hundred parts.
2. Medium-sized tractors with a power of up to twelve horsepower and a weight of up to one hundred kilograms. They cultivate plots of up to twenty hundred pieces using a cultivator or a light plow.
3. Heavy walk-behind tractors with a power of up to thirty horsepower and an area of up to two hectares, usually with an installed plow.

Now that we have decided on a walk-behind tractor, we will learn how to properly plow a walk-behind tractor. Small areas are best treated with a cultivator or router. Comes with light and medium passes and includes knives.

The technology for plowing the soil with their help is simple. Simply, the motor unit is located on the edge of the section, the switch is switched, and by holding it, we turn 180 degrees at the opposite end of the section.

Plowing a big plow is a completely different matter. Correct plow adjustment is very important here. Let's assume this is done correctly.

Then, at low speed, a control pass is made from one end to the other, in which we turn the engine block around and make a return pass. At the same time, we placed a walking tractor with the right wheel in the middle of the furrow left after the first pass. We keep a close eye on the plow. Given the tilt of the walk-behind tractor, the plow must be perpendicular to the plane of the ground. If not, adjust the plow again.

A second pass is then made and the depth of the furrow is assessed. If the depth is too deep or too shallow, adjust the plow. As a rule, when plowing, the plow depth should be within 15-20 centimeters.

When you are plowing, when your furrows are level, you can increase the speed of the tractor. Then the plow will roll the earth harder, its surface will be smooth, without lumps, and plowing will go faster. This is exactly how walk-behind plows are used.

Plowing a walk-behind tractor, video selection

A video on how to plow a motorcycle is shown below. You will clearly see that the walk-behind tractor is quite capable of plowing not only repeatedly cultivated soil, but also virgin lands.

Mini, medium or heavy?

In order for plowing with a plow to be effective, it is necessary to choose the right equipment. When choosing, it is necessary to take into account, firstly, the area that will be processed with its help, and, secondly, the tasks that it must perform.

There are three types of walk-behind tractors:

light (mini);
average;
heavy.

Mini or light walk-behind tractors

Used to work in small areas, they are also called motor cultivators. The engine power of these devices is up to 4.5 horsepower.

Among the advantages of motor cultivators are:

lightness (weight does not exceed 40 kg);
low price (from 6000 UAH);
the ability to process hard-to-reach places thanks to the small grip of the cutter.

However, light walk-behind tractors do not work for a long time, since they have an insufficiently powerful engine, which quickly overheats, and do not bury themselves well in the ground due to their insufficient weight.

Medium walk-behind tractors

Unlike light ones, they boast rear-wheel drive and are great for working on large areas (up to 0.5 hectares). Weight varies from 45 to 65 kg, the cost of such equipment, on average, is 10,000–12,000 UAH. Engine power - 4.5–12 liters. With. Many models of medium walk-behind tractors can be equipped with additional equipment.

Main advantages:

presence of a front headlight and two gears;
the ability to attach a plow;
Compared to heavy ones of this type, medium walk-behind tractors are more mobile and easier to turn.

Among the weak points of monoblocks of this class are the processing depth of up to 11 cm, which is insufficient for many crops.

Heavy walk-behind tractors

Suitable for professional cultivation of land on plots whose area exceeds 0.5 hectares, since they have an engine power of 12 to 30 hp. With. and many advanced features. The cost of heavy walk-behind tractors is at least 12,000 UAH. The ability to attach a trailer or plow is one of the main advantages

walk-behind tractors of this type. They break through easily and cover the area many times faster than motorized cultivators.

Heavy walk-behind tractors have additional options: the ability to adjust the pneumatic wheel and steering wheel (higher and lower), reverse. Noticeable disadvantages are bulkiness, which requires a lot of force to turn the equipment; the need for reinforcement, because under high loads, the cutter or steering handle may break.

Setting up the plow on heavy walk-behind tractors

The article examined the so-called light walk-behind tractors, which are mostly used in dachas. But there are also severe varieties. Their main differences are that the latter are many times more powerful and more bulky. They are also equipped with diesel engines. This choice is due to the fact that, with the same volume at operating speed, a diesel engine has more torque than a gasoline engine.

Installing and setting up a plow for this type of equipment is no different from what was described above. The only thing worth noting is that it is better to set up two workers, because the weight of heavy walk-behind tractors sometimes exceeds 200 kilograms.

What affects the cost of plowing plots?

When you need to plow the land with a walk-behind tractor or cultivator, you want to know what the cost can be. Managers guide you by prices without seeing your site. The final payment is made by our specialists on site. They can go to the region to assess the property in advance, if required.

Several factors influence the cost:

the purpose of plowing is for planting, for a lawn, before winter, etc.
area and geometry of the site;
soil composition – black soil, sand, clay;
additional wishes of the customer.

How to plow the ground with a walk-behind tractor

Working with the device on site may vary depending on the tasks assigned. You need to know where to start, how to assemble the device correctly, what equipment to install and what efforts to apply.

Installing wheels

Plowing the land with a walk-behind tractor begins with assembling the device. In order for it to be assembled correctly, you must first attach the wheels, and only then install the plow. For optimal stability, we recommend that the wheels of the machine have a diameter of 50 mm or more, and their width is at least 20 cm. If these proportions are not met, it will not be possible to plow the soil efficiently, since the necessary immersion will not be ensured. Each of the two indicators indicated above is based on clear engineering calculations. For example, if the wheel width is insufficient, the entire device will roll in both directions when moving straight. If the diameter is incorrectly selected and the wheel is too small, the distance between the soil and the gearbox will be insufficient, which will lead to poor-quality plowing.

When choosing such an important attribute for a walk-behind tractor as a wheel, it is important to remember the rim. It is best if it is solid. If there are lug ribs, earth will get into them, dry out and prevent normal rotation.

Adjusting the plowing depth

Before plowing the plow, it is necessary to set its depth correctly. Different types of settings apply to different devices. So, for example, for plows with the PTK-9-35 index, the setting is as follows.

Under both left wheels, transport and pneumatic, special liners are placed, whose height is slightly less than the required depth by 2-4 cm.
Using the screw mechanism of the support wheel and the thrust screw of the left pneumatic, the body is lowered so that the support plane rests on the platform. The right support wheel remains on the plane of the body.
To pass the first furrow, the right wheel of the support is raised using the adjusting screw to a height that is equal to V3 from the depth set for plowing.
On the subsequent furrow, the right wheel is lowered to the level of the supporting plane of the body. During operation, the immersion depth of the plow is adjusted using the stop screw of the left pneumatics.

Plow PTK-9-35

Semi-mounted plow (index PLP-6-35). Plowing the site using this type of equipment is possible after setting it up. The plow frame is leveled using the screw mechanism of the support wheel, having previously placed a lining under the metal wheel. Often, the right-hand slanting mechanism for mounting the walk-behind tractor itself is involved in the alignment process. Each body must touch the platform with both the toe of the ploughshare and the heel of the field boards. In this case, the adjustable upper link is shortened to the limit.

Plow PLP-6-35

Mounted plow. Tilling the soil with a walk-behind tractor with a mounted plow requires careful debugging. The setup principle is generally similar to the previous point. The length of the top link at the attachment of the walk-behind tractor itself and its braces changes, then the frame is installed, but here it is worth remembering that this must be done strictly parallel to the site. The liner is placed under the wheel, which serves as a reference point, whose height corresponds to the required immersion depth with an error of up to 3 cm. During the first pass, the right brace of the walk-behind tractor suspension is reduced so that its first body is plowed to half the depth that was originally set. During the second pass, the distortion of the frame on the right brace is eliminated; this manipulation is performed in a transverse-vertical arrangement of the equipment.

In general, the process on tractors of different models and walk-behind tractors will not differ much from that presented above. Significant changes in settings are available for power regulators installed on heavy agricultural machinery. Here the wheel, which serves as a fulcrum for the plow, is lifted up or completely removed. To activate the regulator, the hatch under the seat is folded back, the lock is rotated, inserting the shank into the corresponding groove. In this case, you need to rotate to the left. Each distributor handle is placed in the neutral position, and the GSV handle remains in the locked position. The handle responsible for the regulator moves forward. The longer the regulator handle moves forward, the greater the depth of the plowed surface. When the required depth of immersion of the plow is found, the position is fixed with the handle of the power regulator of the handwheel-limiter.

To check the quality of plowing, special control is carried out. A furrow meter is used for this.

Adjusting the angle of attack

Plowing a garden using a walk-behind tractor is impossible without precise preliminary adjustment of the equipment. The angle of attack, or, more simply, the inclination of the field board, is the inclination that demonstrates the level of the plowing plane relative to a flat surface. This angle is adjusted using a conventional handle with a screw mechanism. To make the adjustment, you must complete the following steps in the correct order.

Place the machine itself with the plow on the special stands mentioned above.
Unscrew the adjuster handle as far as possible so that the field board remains completely pressed to the surface (even small gaps are not allowed).
Then you need to start twisting the handle in the opposite direction until the back side is about 3 cm above the surface.

To make sure that the settings are correct, you need to proceed to plowing; at this stage it will be easy to determine whether the walk-behind tractor moves easily or rests heavily on the ground. If the angle of attack is large enough, the plow will begin to act as an anchor, thereby extinguishing the potential of the walk-behind tractor transmitted from the internal combustion engine, and accordingly, the efficiency will sharply decrease. This will lead to slipping and difficulty moving in the forward direction. If the angle of attack is insufficient, the required layer of soil simply will not be removed.

For high-quality plowing, it is necessary to make an even and clear straight line from one edge of the site to the other. All subsequent lines and the accuracy of the work performed as a whole will depend on this. To simplify the task, you can level the area with pegs and rope, at the same time clearly marking the boundaries and setting guidelines for plowing.

One wheel of the device must be placed in the furrow, the plow is oriented so as to remain perpendicular to the ground. The easiest way to achieve this is with a square. If it is inconvenient to make adjustments directly on the soil surface, you can place a stand that will correspond to the depth of the furrow. Once you have completed the setup process, you can move on to the second and third furrows.

We install the plow according to the track width

Even if the angle of attack has already been set, there is no need to rush to plow with a motorized cultivator. For competent and productive operation, the plow needs to stand on the soil surface not only with the heel, but also with the toe. This fact is easy to confirm even visually: if the stand is positioned vertically, it means that the setting has been carried out correctly. Heeling the plow will result in unnecessary pushing to the surface. When standing on its toes, the equipment will go deep into the soil.

At the moment of plowing, the load on the plow is not at all symmetrical, as it might initially seem. During operation, the walk-behind tractor will constantly open to the right. Usually the most difficult step is plowing the first furrow. For such needs, a stretched cord or a drawn line is used, which serves as a guide. The first furrow should be shallow - about 12 cm. Further work will be easier, because the right wheel of the walk-behind tractor will already go along the furrow.

It happens that the hitch beam is quite long. In this case, it is best to plow using a fulcrum, such as a wheel. It will help create the required depth of the plow. Typically, such a device can roll on both sides, both left and right.

Advice! It is much more convenient to work with a walk-behind tractor if you move both handles to the left - this will help you easily move along the unplowed side.

Recommendations for plowing various areas of land

Plowing virgin soil or any large piece of land where agricultural work has recently been carried out is not an easy task. Experts first of all recommend focusing on the shape of the existing site.

A rectangular area is best plowed in a circle;
Square plots are best plowed in a zigzag pattern.

In both cases, it will be more convenient to form a bed along the entire perimeter, placing them parallel to each other. In the future, this can significantly simplify the work of digging and planting.

It is not uncommon for the soil to be too hard. This problem cannot be solved in one go. It is best to plow in stages, first with heavy equipment (a walk-behind tractor with a rear adapter works great). With each subsequent treatment the soil becomes softer.

Advice! It is best to plow the soil when it is saturated with moisture. This leads to another recommendation: it is advisable to plow after precipitation or after the next watering.

Soil layers lend themselves well to processing using a walk-behind mill. To carry out such manipulations, you should drive over the same place several times, immersing the equipment more and more into the soil.

Many users wonder how many acres can be processed with a walk-behind tractor? Experts and experienced farmers say that using a walk-behind tractor, you can easily cultivate a plot of up to 10 acres. However, with perseverance and hard work, some cultivate entire hectares of land.

Installation of ground hooks

Ground hooks are special wheels on a walk-behind tractor for plowing. Their diameter is usually 50 cm, width - 18 cm. If you take a smaller size, the equipment will “swing” to the sides and it will not be possible to make an even furrow. You need to place the walk-behind tractor itself on a flat surface, remove the main wheels and install in their place the hooks prepared with the axles. Only after this they proceed to installing the plow.

Hanging and adjusting the plow

Various types of couplings are used for fastening. First of all, the plow itself and the couplings are connected. It is fastened on one side, the play on the horizontal plane should be about 5-6 degrees. It's important to remember a few things. If you fasten on both sides (with pins) or do not set the backlash, then the connection turns out to be too rigid, and this is a typical mistake.

The plow is then attached to the equipment's coupling device. The nuts should not be tightened tightly - adjustments still need to be made. It is better to perform this action with an assistant. The walk-behind tractor is installed on stands of about 25 cm (they can be made from scrap materials).

The ground hooks are fixed, the walk-behind tractor must stand level and not overweight, this is necessary for high-quality plowing. The plow bed is positioned so that the heel is parallel to the surface of the ground; adjustment is made using bolts. After the stands are removed, the plow blade is lowered to soil level, its rear part should be approximately 2.5 cm higher.

Starting a walk-behind tractor

Many owners have no idea how to properly start the engine. Most don't even touch the instructions. However, you can make mistakes that will lead to breakdown of the entire device, and repairs are often expensive.

First check the oil and fuel levels. Two-stroke engines should be filled with gasoline diluted with oil; the required proportions are given in the description of the device. Gasoline is used grades A-92 and A-95. For diesel engines fueled with diesel fuel, you should take into account the temperature outside, and base your choice of fuel on this.

Before the launch itself, the clutch, reverse, gas, and steering wheel are checked. The choke lever is set to the “Start” position, about 5 movements are carried out with the starter. After the ignition is turned on, the engine starts, the choke is switched to “Work”. Next, they begin to cultivate the land with a walk-behind tractor.

How to plow with a walk-behind tractor correctly

The process is not difficult to understand. First, the first control pass is carried out at low speed. In this case, the device is tilted to the left. Afterwards the technique is tilted to the right and a second approach is made. The result is checked - the depth and quality of plowing. If necessary, adjustments are made.

When working, the right lug should not go beyond the furrow line; it is better to move it in the middle. When properly configured, the equipment operates smoothly, without jumps or sudden movements.

Installing a plow on a walk-behind tractor via a hitch

The hitch is what attaches the plow to the tow bar of the walk-behind tractor. They exist in two types: universal and stationary. The universal one is more preferable for work, as it allows you to make some more precise settings.

Tip: to make installation of the plow easier, place the walk-behind tractor on stands, which can be bricks, boards or stones.

Attaching the plow is quite simple - the hitch for the walk-behind tractor takes its place on the towbar and is fixed with one pin.

Many people think that by securely screwing a plow onto a walk-behind tractor, the work will go easier and faster. In fact, it's just the opposite. Due to the fact that during plowing, forces directed perpendicular to the plane of the moldboard act on the plow, there is resistance, which tends to pull the entire unit to the side. With a rigid attachment, the worker has to exert effort, literally pressing the walk-behind tractor into the ground. Therefore, it is necessary to leave a backlash in the horizontal plane of about 5 degrees.

Features of virgin soil plowing

How to plow virgin soil correctly? For high-quality processing you will need:

Motoblock unit weighing at least 100 kg. If it is lighter, the plow simply will not budge.
A rotary plow, which includes a cutter, a gearbox for connecting to a walk-behind tractor, and transport wheels.
It would not be superfluous to use special weighting in the form of ballast.

The work of plowing virgin soil must be carried out in stages, each time going deeper and deeper. In addition, soil moisture will make it easier to work with.

Good to know! The direction of plowing needs to be changed every year, since the soil layer is constantly shifting.

Models of walk-behind tractors such as Neva, MTZ, Khoper, and Centaur are in great demand among gardeners. In addition to plowing, they also provide for other agricultural work.

Potatoes are often hilled with walk-behind tractors, that is, a hiller is used instead of a plow. It penetrates into the ground to a shallower depth, thereby differing from the first.

It is also used for harvesting. For this, a special canopy is used that raises the ground. Then it is poured through the grate, as if through a sieve, and only the root vegetables remain on the surface.

Types of plows

Over the thousand-year history of the use of the plow, it was often modified. Modern units are usually divided according to working bodies, their number and purpose.

Based on their working elements, plows are divided into plowshare and disk.
By the number of working bodies into one-, two-, three-body, etc.
For special and general purposes.

A ploughshare plow is a unit whose body is equipped with a ploughshare (knife). The ploughshare cuts the soil, lifts it, and the blade turns it over. The plowshare unit is used for plowing land for sowing grain crops. The maximum plowing depth is 30 cm.

Disc plow - instead of a ploughshare, the device has discs that plow the ground. This unit is used on heavy rocky soils and fields that are located on the site of uprooted forests. The advantage of the disc is that if the plowshare hits a stone, it will break and the disc will roll over the obstacle. Disc devices are used only by powerful tractors on large fields.

A multi-body plow is a unit on which several bodies with shares are installed. The more powerful the tractor, the more bodies it can pull on one frame. Multi-body devices speed up field processing and increase productivity. Double-hull devices are installed on a heavy diesel walk-behind tractor.

Plows for special and general purposes. A general purpose unit is a plowshare device that is designed for plowing a field. Special purpose units are devices for difficult soil types, such as swampy, rocky, etc.

Leveling the area using a walk-behind tractor and cultivator

This type of equipment is suitable not only for agricultural needs. A cultivator or walk-behind tractor can be used for landscaping work. You can level your dacha plot with improvised means, a shovel and a rake, as well as with the help of utility equipment, but if the area is hilly or replete with stumps and a developed root system, heavier equipment may be required.

Leveling the area with a cultivator is only possible if there are minor unevennesses that can be eliminated without resorting to additional technical means (a tractor with a bucket, etc.). The walk-behind tractor is capable of diving a little deeper, but on average, the diving area reaches 15-17 cm. Further leveling of the area occurs with the help of a rake. The loosened soil should be evenly distributed throughout the area.

If the soil on the site is too hard, rocky, or if there are stumps that have not been uprooted, etc., it would be better to resort to the services of a tractor. It would be better to dig up solid objects, such as a large stone buried a considerable distance into the soil, or an overgrown rosehip bush deeply rooted in the area, using a regular bayonet shovel. Only after removing parts that interfere with loosening and removing large debris can you begin to work using a walk-behind tractor.

It is important to remember that operating a walk-behind tractor and cultivator on hilly terrain and other uneven terrain is associated with an increased risk.

Preparation procedure for plowing

Land cultivation is rightly considered a complex and responsible process. You should properly prepare for it. In many ways, this manifests itself in the form of preparing the walk-behind tractor and plow for it.

The walk-behind tractor is checked first. It must be technically sound and filled with sufficient fuel. It is usually delivered to the plowing site by self-propelled vehicle, or in the back or trailer of a car.

When plowing, the standard wheels of mid- and light-class walk-behind tractors are usually replaced with so-called lugs. They improve grip on the ground and also increase the total weight of the device.

The tread pattern on the lugs must face one direction. You should focus on narrowing the pattern.

When the walk-behind tractor is prepared, you can start working with the plow.

Spring plowing

In the spring, the garden is also plowed. During this period, soil reservation is carried out. This work takes place immediately after the top layer of soil has dried sufficiently. For plowing large gardens, it is better to use a tractor cutter. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to plant it deeply. In this case, the soil is loosened safely, because all its beneficial bacteria remain absolutely unharmed.

Regardless of the time of year, you should definitely know how to plow the land correctly and what secrets this process has. There are both manual and mechanical methods of plowing the garden. For small areas it is not necessary to call a tractor. In this case, a walk-behind tractor will be sufficient. The appropriate technology allows for fairly deep plowing (up to 25 cm).

A tractor is necessary for large vegetable gardens. At the same time, the person who will manage it must have professionalism and appropriate experience. When choosing the type of tractor, it is necessary to take into account the properties of the soil itself. Sometimes the heaviest equipment simply cannot penetrate deep into the ground. Such tractors even sometimes sink in the soil, which is why plowing is not done properly.

Features of autumn and spring plowing

As strange as it may sound for a city dweller, the main plowing of the soil is carried out not in the spring, but in the fall. It is called “chill” and is intended to prepare for the winter-spring season. Deep autumn cultivation destroys harmful larvae overwintering in the soil, the earth is abundantly saturated with moisture and oxygen. Timely work significantly increases soil fertility and ensures high yields, while simultaneously reducing the damage to crops by numerous diseases.

Spring deep plowing can have the opposite effect. The combination of humidity and warm air promotes the proliferation of bacteria, fungi and other parasitic organisms in freshly dug soil. Seeds that fall into such soil will either die or grow sickly and weak.

In spring, it is preferable to harrow the top layers of soil. Thanks to the grinding of the surface, all the moisture accumulated during the autumn-winter period will be preserved in the lower layers, and the earth will also be replenished with the necessary supply of oxygen.

It is advisable to introduce manure and straw into the cultivated lands in early spring, which has been resting for at least six months. Such organic components improve the quality, increase the looseness, aerobic properties and fertility of the soil. Beginning farmers should remember that fresh, unburned manure will do more harm than good - this fertilizer can only be applied during autumn plowing.

Common problems and their solutions

Remember that plows are structurally different from each other. The general adjustment process is similar, but the elements by which the adjustment occurs may differ. Before starting connection and setup, read the instructions that came with the device.

The same applies to the walk-behind tractor. Check the instructions to determine whether the wheels need to be replaced with lugs, and what diameter they should be. It is recommended to install weights on light and medium-class walk-behind tractors so that the unit sinks under the weight of the machine. If the plow is configured correctly, but the machine still slips, then the unit is too large for the walk-behind tractor of your power. This problem can be solved by installing weights.

When choosing a device, focus on the power of the walk-behind tractor. The heavier the machine, the larger the diameter of the plow you can install. Heavy diesel walk-behind tractors are equipped with two-body devices that increase the productivity of site processing.

The design of the plow is simple and understandable - the main thing is to pay attention to the unit itself and think sensibly when connecting it. Remember that the unit must be looked after in the same way as a walk-behind tractor. Clean your unit after plowing, try not to plow rocky soils and perform timely maintenance on your assistant.

Plow device

Depending on the device model, its design varies. Main structural elements of the unit:

Frame. The housing and the adjustment wheel are attached to it. There are two lanyards installed on the frame, which change the position of the body in horizontal and vertical positions.
Frame. This is the main working element of the plow. The following are attached to it: a ploughshare (knife), a blade and a field board. The body is height adjustable by moving the stand. The ploughshare is responsible for cutting the soil layer, and the blade is responsible for turning the soil. The field board is a service element on which adjustments are made.
Support wheel. Depending on the set height of the support wheel, the plowing depth also depends.

In addition to the main working and service parts, plows are equipped with other parts. It depends on the type of device and its purpose.

Timeliness and quality of plowing land with a tractor

Timely plowing will help retain moisture in the soil. When working, the soil should not be smeared onto the plow and fall off in large pieces, which is possible with high humidity. Or spray and break in low humidity. When cultivating wide layers, loosening is incomplete when the plow takes a layer that exceeds its normal work. In turn, if you are late and allow the soil to dry out, this will greatly affect future yields. That is why choosing the optimal time for plowing is one of the most important tasks for a landowner.

Our company has extensive experience in carrying out field work (we have cultivated over 10,000 hectares of land), and we will be happy to tell you the required time not only for plowing, but also for any other type of land cultivation.

Tips and tricks

It doesn’t always make sense to try to plow as deep as possible with a walk-behind tractor and a plow. Crops with shallow roots deplete the surface layer. The rise of the nutrient layer to the top when plowing is important for them. Other crops have a root system up to 0.7 - 1 m deep; for them, the plowing depth is not so important. 15 cm is enough.

The video shows why the walk-behind tractor moves to the side and how you can solve the problem with incorrect plow settings:

The mechanical properties of the soil are of great importance. Heavy and dense loams, petrified in a dry year, may not be taken at all by the walk-behind plow. Or it will plow, but very hard, turning out large blocks. In this case, you need to wait for optimal humidity. After rain, the soil becomes softer; as soon as the soil stops sticking to your shoes, you can try plowing.

If an island with perennial root-producing plants (wheatgrass, horseradish) appears on a plot of land, it is better not to plow it completely along with the entire plot. Otherwise, the root fragments will be scattered by the plow all over the garden and the area will be clogged.

In this case, the roots of the weeds are selected manually, the area is left until better times or plowed separately, without dragging the roots around the area. It is best to dig such weeds with a regular shovel.

As you can see, in order to properly cultivate a vegetable garden with a walk-behind tractor, you only need a suitable walk-behind cultivator, a properly configured plow and experience.

Safety precautions

The safety rules recommended for compliance when using a motor cultivator are not complicated.

You should adhere to the following rules:

Operation may only begin after full reading of the instructions supplied with the device;
It is prohibited for children to use the device, as well as persons who do not have experience in handling the device;
during plowing, it is important to eliminate the proximity of any animals and other people;
work should be carried out in closed clothing with long sleeves and closed shoes without dangling elements or in special equipment; It is better to choose high shoes, for example, boots or ankle boots, the toe of which is covered with a metal plate; We must not forget about gloves, mainly in the case of cultivating difficult soils, as well as safety glasses;

During operation, it is necessary to keep your hands and feet away from rotating elements, and also maintain balance in relation to the forward and reverse handles; they cannot be raised at the same time, since one must always remain lowered;
Vibrations occurring during operation signal the presence of breakdowns; in this case, the engine is stopped, cooled and the problems are eliminated if possible; most often the problem is a weakened fastening, which is easy to normalize;
If you have a model with reverse gear, it is important to adhere to one simple rule: before changing direction, you should wait until the cutters come to a complete stop.

You can learn more about how to properly plow with a motor cultivator in the following video.

Trailer for the Neva walk-behind tractor - an effective assistant in work

In the spring, when the earth has already warmed up, gardening work begins. Then the length of the working day depends not only on desire, but also on the tools at hand. Progress and innovative technologies do not stand still; modern devices have reached the very hinterlands. Today, the most popular assistant for a working person is a walk-behind tractor with various types of additional tools and towed devices.

Briefly about trailers for the Neva walk-behind tractor

Among a number of well-known brands and companies, the Neva walk-behind tractor with a trailer requires special attention. The imported and domestic manufacturer took care of the durability of the engine, the quality of performance of various types of work, and a comfortable ride. The equipment of the Neva transport is simple: a body, a cultivator, a plow, a trolley for a walk-behind tractor and, if desired, a lot of other equipment.

Trailers for the Neva walk-behind tractor are made of durable metal. Their carrying capacity depends on the size, ideally it is 250-500 kg. When transporting cargo weighing more than 350 kilograms, the trolley for the Neva walk-behind tractor is equipped with a mechanical brake drive to make it easier to drive.

A trailer that is more in demand in gardening work, tested by more than one farmer, for the Neva MB-2 walk-behind tractor. Thanks to the folding sides, it can be used to transport not only large items, but also bulk substances. It is equipped with a brake drive and will not put a large load on the walk-behind tractor itself, which is undoubtedly a plus in its favor.

Do-it-yourself cart for the Neva walk-behind tractor

If you wish, you can make a trailer for the Neva walk-behind tractor with your own hands no worse than the one from the manufacturer. You will have to try hard for this, but in the end you will get an excellent and budget-friendly self-made trailer for the Neva walk-behind tractor.

The work algorithm is as follows:

collect all the parts and prepare materials;
select body type;
cut parts according to the drawings “Neva walk-behind tractor with trailer”
connect the parts and tidy up the appearance of the trailer (paint or varnish).

We select materials

For a tow hitch to the Neva walk-behind tractor, both wood and iron are well suited; you can also use materials that remain after construction work. The frame for the device is assembled from two iron pipes and wheels connected by bearings. The body is bolted to the finished frame. For greater reliability, stiffening ribs and corners with metal inserts must be attached to the trailer. If desired, the sides can open on all sides or only on one side, optimally the rear.

You can also make more complex models of trolleys for the Neva walk-behind tractor with your own hands. Opting for a triple hitch and taller wheels results in a completely different model. A little time and desire to make such an assistant yourself will create a unique cart model for the Neva walk-behind tractor.

How to choose a plow for a walk-behind tractor

When choosing a plow, pay attention to the technical characteristics of your walk-behind tractor. For processing small areas, a single-body plowshare unit is suitable, and if you are the owner of a heavy diesel walk-behind tractor, then you can connect a double-body device, which will speed up the process of cultivating the land twice as much as a single-body unit.

Single-body mounted plow SCOUT PL-130

The SCOUT PL-130 single-body plow is connected to a single-point attachment to mini-tractors and walk-behind tractors with a power of 10 hp or more. With.

The unit is equipped with an enlarged steel ploughshare, and the design itself is made reliably - you can forget about sharpening the ploughshare. To regulate the plowing depth on uneven terrain, a limit wheel is installed. The plow is designed for processing heavy, loamy soils and virgin soil.

When working with the floating mode of the hydraulic distributor, the device must be weighted.

Single-body mounted plow SCOUT PL-130 HYD with scoring disc

The SCOUT PL-130 HYD single-furrow plow is equipped with a scoring disc for more efficient work on turf soil. The unit is connected to mini-tractors and walk-behind tractors with a single-point attachment mechanism. The working part is made of reliable steel.

The angle of attack of the plowshare is adjusted using turnbuckles. The limit wheel regulates the plowing depth. The trimming disc is designed to trim plant roots during plowing, which increases the productivity and quality of plowing.

To plow heavy soils and virgin lands, you need to install weights on the equipment: 80 kg in the front and 60 kg in the rear.

Double-furrow mounted plow SCOUT PL-225

The double-furrow plow SCOUT PL-130 is the only two-furrow device that is connected to a walk-behind tractor. The unit is secured using a single-point mechanism. But for work you need a walk-behind tractor or a mini-tractor with a power of 15 hp or more. With. The base of the plow is a triangular frame with turnbuckles that adjusts the horizontal and vertical position. The plowshare body is adjusted using a stand. The plowing depth is controlled by a limit wheel.

Sources

https://MoyMotoblok.ru/rabota/vspashka-zemli-motoblokom-plugom-i-frezami/
https://tokar.guru/stanki-i-oborudovanie/motobloki/kak-pravilno-pahat-zemlyu-podgotovka-motobloka-i-ogoroda-dlya-vspashki.html
https://sdelai-lestnicu.ru/stroi-tehnika/kak-pravilno-pahat-plugom-na-motobloke-kak-otregulirovat-glubinu-vspaski-zemli-nastrojka-motobloka-dla-pahoty-plugom
https://stroy-podskazka.ru/motobloki/pravila-vspashki/
https://zapchasti-isuzu.ru/marki-specavto/kak-pahat-ogorod-na-traktore.html
https://remont-dmb.ru/service/vspashka-zemli-motoblokom/
https://tehnika.expert/dlya-sada/prochaya-sadovaya-texnika/kak-pravilno-vspahat-zemlyu-motoblokom.html
https://mzoc.ru/selskohozyajstvennaya/kak-pahat-motoblokom-s-plugom.html
https://kamuflyzh.ru/tehnologii/kak-pahat.html
https://vospari23.ru/kak-pravilno-pahat-ogorod-motoblokom-s-plugom/
https://avtovishki-v-arendu.ru/spetstehnika/vspashka-ogoroda-motokul-tivatorom-pravil-naya-tehnologiya-i-sovety-ekspertov.html

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Plowing depth and how to adjust it

Plowing depth is the distance the plow goes deep into the ground while working. You need to set the depth to the distance that the bayonet of the shovel takes. Otherwise, the following effects may occur:

If the depth is insufficient, most of the weed roots will remain underground, which will require additional effort to remove them.
If the depth is greater than necessary, the fertile layer of soil will mix with what is underneath and the plants will not receive proper nutrition.

Therefore, it is necessary to adhere to the golden mean.

The depth is adjusted using bolts that fasten the plow stand and lock together. Accordingly, moving the plow up and down, this adjustment is carried out.

Pay attention to the design of your plow - if it has only one bolt connection and, accordingly, one hole, adjustment is impossible on this model.