Closing the topic “Opening”The KrAZ family of all-wheel drive vehicles for the Soviet Army

The KrAZ-6322 model serves as an on-board truck with increased cross-country ability, which is intended for transporting a variety of cargo and people, and towing regular and special trailers, and aircraft at airfields.

The machine can operate reliably in extreme natural, climatic and road situations on all continents. This article will describe the KrAZ 6322 technical characteristics. The entire KrAZ model range.

Car history

It is produced at the automobile plant in Kremenchug, from 1994 to the present day. The model replaced the rather popular KrAZ-260 vehicle. Otherwise, the off-road cargo vehicle is called “Soldier” (a later and modernized version).

It is a multi-purpose onboard vehicle, which has a hood layout, increased cross-country ability and a 6x6 wheel layout, as well as wide-profile tires with increased load capacity.

The KrAZ-6322 was intended for transporting a variety of cargo, passengers, towing trailers and other special equipment. The vehicle can be operated on any road terrain, where there is no road, rough terrain and in extreme natural and climatic situations at temperatures ranging from -45 to +50 degrees Celsius.

The KrAZ-6322 is capable of transporting a trailer weighing 10 tons off-road, 30 tons on paved roads and 75 tons on concrete elements of the airfield.

Buyers are often attracted by the not very high cost of this truck, its mechanisms, along with equipment, which are distinguished by the presence of reliability and trouble-free operation. There is also availability for monitoring and maintenance.

During the 1950s, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was recovering from the destruction caused by the war. Destruction affected cities, bridges, and road sections. Moreover, the country began to intensively conquer the Far North, together with Siberia and the Far East, to develop new deposits of oil, ore, gold, and diamonds.

The construction of giant enterprises, power plants, spaceports and ports progressed rapidly. To carry out this ambitious work on a large scale, trucks, dump trucks, timber trucks, tankers, and so on were needed.

The country's army demanded the installation of a new type of weapon. Therefore, already in February 1958, they decided to create the Kremenchug Automobile Plant, where in almost a year they were able to install the main conveyor, manufacture equipment, build new production sites and form an experienced team.

This made it possible to release the debut truck in May 1959. Years passed and the first models began to be replaced by newer ones. Thus, model 6322 received 30 horsepower more than its predecessor, and the load capacity increased to 10,000 kilograms.

During these years, the Russian army already had its own vehicles, so they decided not to purchase Ukrainian all-terrain vehicles, and they were ordered for the Ukrainian army in small quantities. The car got a second wind thanks to an Iraqi contract, according to which the Kremenchug Automobile Plant was supposed to sell about 2,150 trucks there.

Our model can be compared to a good wine, which only improves over the years, gaining new ones without losing its own old advantages. Excellent cross-country ability along with indestructibility are the main advantages of this car, and the presence of a comfortable cabin and new electronic systems for it only improves the overall impression.

However, how can you give a sober assessment of an all-wheel drive vehicle without driving into many kilometers of fields? The company's management decided to construct a special training ground, which appeared not so long ago on the territory of the Kremenchug automobile enterprise. There was no longer any need to leave the factory premises to test new models.

Years of oblivion

After testing, the KrAZ-7E6316 stood under the fence of the experimental workshop, next to the KrAZ-63151 (with a 420 hp engine) and was forgotten for a long time. During the emergence of market relations, cars disappeared from the eternal parking lot by themselves. It was a difficult time for the plant: production volumes were falling, financing was deteriorating and it had one goal - to survive! And no one particularly cared where the prototypes were scattered.

So the KrAZ-7E6316 “Siberia” vehicle would have sunk into oblivion if a chain of some disparate events had not come together. In 2002, due to a change of ownership, a new director, Sergei Vasilievich Sazonov, came to the plant, who turned out to be partial to the plant and to KrAZ vehicles, in particular. Thanks to his efforts, the plant found one of the first KrAZ-214 trucks produced in 1960 and restored it very well by 2003. Many people reacted kindly to this unusual initiative of the new management, and not only the plant workers. Journalists from specialized publications did not stand aside and supported the initiative in every possible way, not skimping on flattering reviews. This inspired the team to new feats in the restoration of retro samples.

It was at that moment that I was in Kremenchug testing a regular production dump truck, which they decided to conduct in a nearby quarry. And everything would have been fine if not for one oversight - the driver accompanying me knew the surroundings of the quarry no better than I, a visiting Moscow journalist. In general, having unloaded at the dump, we simply got lost on the way back and, meandering along dirt roads, came across a strange collection of old equipment, where the Siberia occupied the most prominent place.

Amazed by what we saw, upon returning to the plant we immediately reported our find. First reaction: “This can’t happen, because it can’t happen in principle. This is not “Siberia”, you guys are imagining something!” But an expedition was organized with the chief designer of the plant.

Further events after the car was returned to the Kremenchug Automobile Plant took place without me and, judging by the stories of eyewitnesses, resembled a real detective story. Although the car was a stone's throw from the factory, returning it turned out to be difficult. It took almost a year. The owners did not want to give it away, although the car officially belonged to the plant!

They even tried to hide the KrAZ-7E6316 by stealthily towing it to Kyiv. I had to involve government security forces in the showdown and prove my right to property.

Cabin

The KrAZ-6322 has a hooded cab layout. The driver's seat is located behind the power unit. Such a solution has both its advantages and its disadvantages.

For example, they made it easier to access the engine during its repair, but when driving on rough terrain, the hood slightly reduces visibility in front of the truck. The cabin itself turned out to be three-seater and equipped with everything required for a comfortable stay for the driver and passengers.

For example, there are comfortable seats (the driver has air suspension) with settings for heating and ventilation systems. On top of that, it is quite easy for the driver to monitor all the sensors and readings, thanks to the compact instrument panel. The only downside is the imperfect noise insulation of the cabin; it simply needs improvement.

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Technical characteristics of KrAZ 6322

Power unit

Under the rather large hood of an all-wheel drive truck, they decided to place a 14.86-liter V-shaped eight-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine YaMZ-238DU2.

As a result, the model already produces an impressive 330 horsepower. This engine is a four-stroke and has increased power through the use of turbocharging and a corrector, which makes it possible to manually increase the fuel level through the intake manifold, bypassing the loss of power at low frequencies.

On top of that, the design team provided for the installation of a pre-heating device “Thermostart”, which is necessary for easier starting of the engine at low temperatures.

The exhaust mechanism does not have a muffler, since the energy of the gases is taken by the discharge turbine. The model has a maximum speed of 80 km/h, which is a good result for such a car.

Every 100 kilometers the engine consumes about 39 liters of diesel fuel. It is planned to install a pair of fuel tanks, the total volume of which is 500 liters. The power unit meets European Euro-2 standards.

Transmission

This powerful power unit was synchronized with a four-speed manual gearbox, which is synchronized at all speeds except reverse. The installation of a double-disc dry clutch is provided.

KrAZ-6322 with the Grad system installed

The box is combined with a two-stage range-multiplier block, where there is a pneumatic speed shift drive. The technical component of the model involves the use of a two-stage transfer case, which has an electro-pneumatic gear shift mechanism with an integrated differential.

Suspension

The truck frame is of the ladder type. It was reinforced with auxiliary linings to increase strength when operating in difficult operating conditions.

The KrAZ suspension receives the highest dynamic stresses while driving off-road. To increase the smoothness of the ride and dampen vehicle vibrations, the front suspension has double-sided hydraulic shock absorbers.

The suspension installed in front is dependent and contains two elliptic springs, shock absorbers and stabilizers. The rear-mounted suspension is also a dependent balance spring, with telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers.

Brake system

If we talk about the braking system, then it is of a dual-circuit type, where there is a separate pneumatic drive. Drum brakes are installed on all wheels. Thanks to the pneumatic drive of the brakes, the operation of the brake elements on the front and rear bogies is ensured.

The parking brake is a drum-type transmission brake on the output shaft of the transfer case with a mechanical drive. There are also auxiliary brakes, represented by a throttle type with a mechanical drive, which is installed in the exhaust gas system.

Steering

It received an integral type along with a hydraulic booster.
The steering device has a significant gear ratio (about 24) to minimize the driver's efforts when turning the steering wheel. The steering system has a steering mechanism, a power cylinder, a hydraulic booster and a steering column drive. Specifications

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Modifications

There are several types of trucks of this company:

• KrAZ-6322 – is an onboard vehicle, its serial production began in 1993;
• KrAZ-6322-056 “Master” - is a mobile automobile repair shop, the model began to be produced in 2004;
• KrAZ-63221 – represents a chassis for special equipment;
• Starting in 2010, they began to produce the KrAZ-6322 “Soldier” , where the steering wheel is located on the right side.

KrAZ-6322 “Raptor”

The model is a Ukrainian armored car, which was first demonstrated on November 21, 2014. An all-wheel drive truck provides reliable protection for the crew and troops from small arms fire and mines. There are the first and second versions of the Raptor.

The Canadian company Streit Armored Group was also involved in production. This armored vehicle serves as a multi-purpose armored airborne model based on the 6322 with the same 6x6 wheel formula. The vehicle is distinguished by the presence of a removable armored compartment for troops.

If necessary, a removable armored kung can be removed and installed at a checkpoint, which will make it possible to establish a place for housing and heating of personnel. The armored module can accommodate about 20 people.

KrAZ-6322 “Raptor”

When demonstration tests were carried out, the truck of the Kremenchug Automobile Plant was able to easily overcome the obstacle course at the training ground, where there was a “big hill” (5.2 meters high), 10 alternating hills (each up to two meters high and the distance between them 6 meters).

There were no problems with the “concrete obstacles”, “bumpy road”, “springboard” and the water trench, which was 1.5 m deep and 25.7 meters long. According to eyewitnesses, the Raptor version, which was produced for the Gulf countries and India in 2007, is slightly inferior to the new model.

The new one already has an armored cabin, a hood, more powerful protection for fuel tanks, and more. The loopholes in the armored body have also been modernized.

Photo of KrAZ-6322 “Raptor” with troops

Among the important features of the Raptor is its incredibly high cross-country ability. Using a 6x6 wheel base, locking inter-wheel and center differentials, and wide-profile tires, this car can drive through quicksand and is not afraid of swampy terrain or snow cover.

The vehicle received a carrying capacity of 6,000 kg. Having a total weight of 23 tons, the KrAZ-6322 “Raptor” is capable of towing a trailer whose weight reaches 30,000 kilograms. The car's power reserve is 1,500 kilometers.

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Price

The pricing policy of the Kremenchug Automobile Plant has always been a clear advantage among other models. So, for example, for the KrAZ-6322 “Soldier” model you will need to pay from 3,030,000 rubles. If necessary, the truck can be equipped with right-hand drive. If necessary, they can also install an anti-lock braking system ABS - Knorr-Bremse; Wabco.

Modified KrAZ: mib55

I recently came across a blog from comrade. Markov to an interesting post about converted KrAZ trucks, and I remembered that I also had something like that in the archives. There were 6 converted/modified KrAZ vehicles, and most of them were truck tractors with homemade sleeping bags. The most impressive is this monster KrAZ-255V, with a completely redesigned cabin: the doors were taken from the Urals, and the rest was welded ourselves. On the trawl there is a Komatsu D355 bulldozer.

Another “laptezhnik” with a sleeping bag, but this one is more neat: a superstructure was attached to the original cabin, and the original headlights were replaced with VAZ ones. And also with a bulldozer on the trawl, but this one has a domestic T-330. The tractor cabin, like that of its Japanese counterpart, has been dismantled so that the road train fits into the height dimensions.

This KrAZ-258B also received new headlights, along with a non-original front axle, bumper and kengurin, and the source material for its sleeping bag was clearly a decommissioned PAZ-672.

This example of the 258 also acquired a sleeping bag; the car was met in the village of Tevriz, in the north of the Omsk region.

Some onboard KrAZ trucks were also modernized; this well-preserved example received a crane installation.

And the original body of the KrAZ-256B dump truck was replaced with a more modern one.

This is where the small selection ends, but the topic for the next post has already been thought of, so stay tuned!

mib55.livejournal.com

Advantages and disadvantages

Pros of the car

• Excellent maneuverability;
• Good load capacity;
• High ground clearance;
• Availability of all-wheel drive system;
• Ease of control, despite the large dimensions;
• Good maintainability;
• Not afraid to work at low and high temperatures;
• Not afraid of fords, the depth of which is up to 1.5 meters;
• They created a model for transporting goods in off-road conditions and for the Far North;
• Quite a small price tag for the car;
• There are various modifications;
• Powerful power units;
• Can transport trailers weighing up to 75 tons;
• There is a hydraulic power steering wheel;
• Powerful wheels;
• Comfortable cabin;
• Ventilation and heating system;
• Preheater;
• Powerful appearance;
• ABS can be installed;
• The driver's seat has air suspension;
• There are all the necessary spare parts and elements.

Cons of the car

• Large dimensions;
• Hood layout, which reduces driver visibility;
• High fuel consumption;
• Insufficient noise reduction in the cabin.

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Let's sum it up

The KrAZ-6322 is truly a real all-wheel drive off-road truck. You fall in love with this model very quickly and understand why many armies around the world buy this car. After all, the car has been in good demand for several years now, especially where there are hard-to-reach places.

The truck is simply designed for off-road use. Moreover, it can carry cargo on itself and transport trailers with a large mass, which is very useful for the army and various companies. Despite its advanced age, the car has a pleasant appearance, as well as a decent level of comfort inside.

For example, the design staff installed heating and ventilation systems in the cab, and also equipped the driver's seat with air suspension, so working inside such a massive truck will not be difficult, given the installation of hydraulic power steering.

A ford 1.5 meters deep is not a problem for a car. Together with a powerful power unit, a convenient gearbox, an all-wheel drive system and high ground clearance, the KrAZ-6322 can drive where other trucks might simply get stuck.

It is also worth mentioning another clear advantage of the car from the Kremenchug Automobile Plant - its relatively low cost and good maintainability.

Spare parts can be purchased without much difficulty. The KrAZ-6322 is a tough all-wheel drive truck that is not afraid of temperature changes and can be used in many countries around the world.

We advise you to read the article: KrAZ - the history of the Kremenchug Automobile Plant

Loading platform

The cargo platform of the KrA3-255B vehicle is metal, with a folding tailgate. A hatch for servicing the winch is provided in the front part of the floor. The cargo platform is equipped with additional removable lattice sides with folding side benches, arches, an awning, mudguards and special fastenings for entrenching tools. In the front part of the platform there are sockets for installing arches when the awning is removed. The platform area is 11.4 m2, its volume with standard sides is 4.05 m3, with extension sides – 10.5 m3. The internal dimensions of the cargo platform are as follows: 4.566 m length, 2.5 m width, 0.355 height of low sides and 0.924 height of lattice sides. Platform loading height: 1.64 m.

KrAZ-6322 photo

Read further:

KrAZ-6510

KrAZ-250

KrAZ-256

KrAZ-260

KrAZ intrigues with its compact truck

AvtoKrAZ spoiled us with a new product

ZIL-132 family (1960–1976)

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A bold attempt to create a whole family of army trucks of an unconventional concept was the production of all-wheel drive ZIL-132 vehicles, unified with the ZIL-131. Their main innovations were the use of a load-bearing base with a smooth bottom, an onboard transmission, evenly spaced pairs of wheels with adjustable internal pressure in large-diameter tires, and the complete absence of any suspension. In the winter of 1960, a prototype of a 2.5-ton ZIL-132 bonnet truck with a cab, front facing and body from the ZIL-131 was assembled. For the first time, a ZIL-375 V8 gasoline engine with a power of 180 hp was installed on it. pp., which was later widely used on military vehicles. During testing, various types of tires were installed on the vehicle, and in March 1961, the manual gearbox was replaced with a hydromechanical automatic one. Externally, this option was distinguished by a van mounted on the loading platform for equipment and placement of testers. Alas, in September 1962, the car was destroyed in a fire. Three-axle 2.5-ton truck ZIL-132 with a cab from ZIL-131. 1960

ZIL-132S (1964)

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The saga with highly elastic propulsors did not bypass SKB ZIL. In the winter of 1964, it introduced the compact all-terrain tractor ZIL-132S on four pneumatic rollers. It was based on a shortened ZIL-157K chassis and was equipped with a cab from a ZIL-164 truck, a short side platform and a cardan-gear drive for both axles. Model all-terrain vehicle ZIL-132S on four pneumatic rollers. 1964

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ZIL-132S vehicle on a shortened ZIL-157K chassis with a ZIL-164 cab

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The propellers were thin-walled rollers with a diameter and width of one meter. The original design solutions here were front non-steerable wheels with brakes and a rear swing axle without brakes, deflected in different directions using a hydraulic drive. The relatively light car reached speeds of up to 55 km/h, but turned out to be unstable and difficult to control. Based on the results of the first tests, its creators refused to continue further work.

NAMI S-3/S-3MU (1962–1974)

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In the early 1960s, the institute became interested in the optimistic topic of pneumatic track propulsion or pneumatic tracks, the development of which was constantly monitored by military representatives. In 1962, on the first half-track prototype S-3, instead of the rear wheels of the Moskvich-415 jeep, so-called single-cavity propulsors with two rubber pneumatic chamber belts, two balancing bogies and three double rollers with drive sprockets were mounted. All-terrain vehicle S-3 on Moskvich-415 chassis with pneumatic tracks

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The S-3 half-track vehicle crosses a water obstacle. 1962

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Three years later, the S-3M version with reinforced rubber-cord pneumatic tracks and front drive drums appeared on the GAZ-69 chassis. Tests on asphalt roads revealed a very smooth and quiet ride, but the maximum speed did not exceed 40 km/h. As it increased, the car became uncontrollable, the tracks overheated and fell off. All-terrain vehicle NAMI S-3MU with pneumatic tracks from the S-3M model

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Option S-3MU based on GAZ-69M with track pneumatic tracks. 1968

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In 1968, on the basis of the GAZ-69M vehicle, they assembled the third version of the S-3MU all-terrain vehicle, on which they experimented with both the previous pneumatic tracks and new hingeless multi-cavity with inflatable pneumatic tracks connected to a caterpillar track. At the same time, the car body had to be slightly lengthened and widened, and wide-profile tires had to be mounted on the front wheels. In tests, the all-terrain vehicle overcame wet plowing, mud and sandy climbs, but also proved to be unreliable and short-lived. After such results, there was no longer any talk of turning fragile half-track vehicles into army all-terrain vehicles. Revolutionary propulsion system with multiple pneumatic tracks

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All-terrain vehicle S-3MU with two hingeless pneumatic track tracks

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The second saving direction for increasing the maneuverability of wheeled military equipment on off-road, virgin snow or swamps was the brief and equally unpromising passion of Soviet scientists and designers for leading pneumatic rollers. According to the chronology of events in this sector and by weight class, the first place was occupied by the two-axle multi-purpose tractor NAMI-044, built in 1958 under the leadership of Nikolai Ivanovich Korotonoshko. The light and compact vehicle of the first model was equipped with such original design solutions as a front cantilever (cantilever) suspension, an onboard transmission and an onboard turning system modeled on tracked vehicles. All these rarities did not bring success to the car, and in 1959 the second simplified version of NAMI-044E was assembled. It was equipped with four-layer rubber-cord pneumatic rollers 1,000 mm wide and a system for changing internal pressure with an external air supply to each wheel. And this car also remained as a prototype. Light tractor NAMI-044E on four pneumatic rollers. 1959 (from the author’s archive)