Reliable and maneuverable agricultural machinery is highly valued among farmers who need to cultivate fallen and medium-sized fields. This is precisely what became the main reason for the high popularity of the famous “Universal” tractor, which is assembled only in factories in Romania. Agricultural machinery is equipped with everything necessary for long-term work under high loads. This quality allows the “iron horse” to compete with newer and modernized tractor models that are widespread in the domestic equipment market.
History of the tractor
The popular Romanian agricultural machinery plant Tractorul Brasov Factory first began producing agricultural machinery at the beginning of the last century. And from this moment the history of the legendary Romanian tractor “Universal” begins. Agricultural machines produced in the late 50s of the 20th century were produced according to the developments of the Italian Fiat plant.
In 1948, the Romanian plant changed the name of its agricultural products and began producing tractors under the brand Uzina Tractorul Brasov, or in its abbreviated version - UTB. Among all the models, the 445 “Universal” tractor deserves special attention.
Having been on the market for almost 10 years, the model in question was replaced by more modern tractors with additional functions. Nevertheless, this particular tractor still evokes admiration among domestic and foreign farmers.
MissKrisGarage › Blog › Restoration of the “Universal” tractor.
“Memory, honor, history” are three important words in the fate of every Russian person.
The history of our country is rich in dates and events - unfortunately, not only joyful, but also tragic. I want to share my story with you. My great-grandmother, Anastasia Pavlovna Tikhomirova, is a Hero of Socialist Labor, foreman of the first women's tractor brigade in the Moscow region. At the beginning of the war, the machine and tractor station where she worked was disbanded and all the equipment was taken away, leaving several old and decommissioned machines. When the Nazis approached Vysokovsk, great-grandmother Nastya managed to hide her tractor (at that time she had a Fordson) - she drove it into a ravine and buried it. The enemies destroyed the collective farm property, but the tractor was not found. After the liberation of Vysokovsk from the invaders, restoration of the destroyed economy began. The great-grandmother repaired the hidden tractor and went out into the field with it. Then courses for tractor drivers were organized, where she taught young girls the basics of driving a tractor. During wartime, Vysokovskaya MTS was the first to pay the state for the delivery of grain and was recognized as the best in the Soviet Union.
I admire my great-grandmother's feat. It so happened in life that, like her, I connected my life with technology - for more than five years I have been restoring Soviet-made cars. I really appreciate the history of the country and people in them.
I also had the opportunity to work with such equipment - the Universal tractor. It was produced at Leningradsky from 1934 to 1940. and at the Vladimir Tractor Plant from 1944 to 1955. In the 1940s-50s, my great-grandmother worked on such a tractor. What a joy it is to touch her story. There was a task - to put this wonderful giant on the move and bring it to its original state.
As soon as he appeared in the workshop, everything around was transformed. The feeling of its greatness and significance for me personally is limitless. You look and are amazed - a huge cast-iron monster, but very good-natured. You can look at it for hours and be amazed every minute. Remembering my grandmother’s feat, I understood how difficult it was for her, a twenty-year-old girl, to work and repair such tractors. But she managed - what it took to bury this colossus, then dig it up again and continue working in the field. I finally realized the severity of the work when I faced it myself. The fact that its parts are heavy is putting it mildly. I look at him, and I really want to talk to him, or rather, even listen to him. So that he could tell us about the people who worked with him, their life, destinies, joys or sorrows. About the time when fields were plowed and people were pleased with their harvests, and were not built up with dachas. When a person was a comrade, and villages and towns prospered. After all, he spent so many years with people, knows them well, observed the change of eras, saw how people switched from horses to cars, felt the collapse of the USSR and even visited a monument. It’s just a pity that he’s silent and can’t talk about his life...
Purpose of the equipment
The Romanian tractor "Universal-445" is an agricultural machinery that is adapted to various off-road conditions. The “iron horse” is considered a compact and structurally simple technique that can be subjected to high loads. This is due to the fact that if a breakdown occurs, there will be no special repair problems - this indicates good maintainability. Prices for tractor parts are reasonable.
The model in question is capable of performing the following work:
- Cultivation (surface tillage).
- Harrowing (loosening the surface part of the soil).
- Hilling (sprinkling moist soil onto plants).
- Inter-row soil cultivation.
In fact, agricultural machinery is capable of performing various operations with the ground, including loading and transporting loose soil, sand and even snow. In the latter case, a trailer is attached to the “steel plowman”, which is designed for high load capacity. The “Universal” tractor with the factory index 445 is considered to be often used in the construction industry, in housing and communal services, in road repair, as well as in transporting all kinds of materials and cargo.
Help with the repair of Universal 445 fuel equipment
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Features of operation
The “Universal” tractor is capable of maximizing its qualities when working on an area of 10 acres or more. According to reviews from farmers, the equipment can perform literally any work. There are certain acceptable limits within which it is recommended to operate this powerful machine. The land area can be more than 30 acres. The largest area that the device can process at one time is about ten hectares. A tractor with rear wheel drive is good for lighter jobs. For example, when transporting small loads or mowing lawns.
If necessary, the tractor can be used as a loader - for this purpose, hydraulics are provided in its design. Due to the presence of special fastenings, modern agricultural equipment and trailers can be used together with the Universal tractor.
Practical features of the Universal 445V model
The main area of application for Universal 445V tractors is plots of about 10–15 acres. In these territories, the Romanian machine successfully copes with almost any task assigned to it. At the same time, you should remember some restrictions on the operation of the tractor - the manufacturer does not recommend using the equipment on areas whose area exceeds 30 acres. Otherwise, the risk of overloading the engine and other important machine components increases.
The presence of rear-wheel drive in the design of the Universal 445 V tractor makes it as passable as possible. Thanks to this feature, the agricultural machine is capable of transporting trailers with loads in extreme driving conditions.
The Universal 445V tractor is equipped with a three-point coupling mechanism and a power take-off shaft, which makes it possible to use various types of attachments to work with the unit.
The latter include:
- harrow;
- hiller;
- double-furrow plow;
- mower;
- seeder;
- dump;
- potato planter and potato digger;
- trailer.
If necessary, the 445 tractor can be operated as a loader - for this purpose, hydraulic outlets are provided in its design.
Specifications
Last but not least, the reason for the high popularity of the equipment was the decent design parameters, as for a unit of the last century. Let us highlight the main technical characteristics of the Universal tractor:
- built-in 2-cylinder engine with water jacket cooling;
- The engine power is 45 hp. With.;
- working cylinder diameter - 9.6 cm;
- mechanical synchronized gearbox;
- fuel tank capacity - 50-55 liters;
- type of fuel - diesel.
High performance indicators are complemented by fairly low fuel consumption, as for high-quality agricultural machinery. At increased loads, this model consumes about 5.5 liters of fuel per hour of operation, which makes using the tractor budget-friendly.
About motor equipment
The Universal tractor has a compact and economical diesel engine in its design. The engine is equipped with liquid cooling, which reduces the risk of overheating of the mechanism in the summer, and also minimizes the increase in temperature of the main components of the tractor under increased load. It is important to note that the unit shows good traction characteristics in operation.
It is important that the engine is ideally suited to work in winter, when temperatures can reach up to -20...-25 degrees Celsius. Thanks to this, agricultural machinery is in great demand in the northern regions of Russia. In addition, the Universal tractor reaches a speed of more than 30 km/h, which is a good indicator with low power. Distinguished dynamics allow you to quickly move between work areas.
Capabilities of the V 445 tractor
The characteristics and compact dimensions of the Romanian tractor v 445 allow it to be used on relatively small areas (from 10 acres). However, the unit copes well with work tasks in large spaces. The powerful model can be operated over an area of up to ten hectares.
The rear-wheel drive tractor 445 station wagon is suitable for light work - transporting compact loads, mowing lawns, removing snow. The undoubted advantages of agricultural machinery from UTB include the following:
- the presence of a three-point hitch for attaching additional equipment;
- the ability to equip the tractor with a rear bucket, front shovel and other attachments;
- powerful diesel engine;
- the convenience of a mini-tractor when plowing (even in small areas);
- favorable cost of equipment.
The UTB V 445 tractor copes well with everyday farming tasks. And in almost any territory. However, if the area of the cultivated area does not meet the standards (more than 10 hectares), the operation of the equipment will be noticeably more complicated.
If the B 445 tractor breaks down or one of the vehicle components wears out, only original spare parts should be used. If this condition is met, after repair the Station Wagon will serve for several more years.
Overall dimensions of equipment
The Romanian Universal tractor has compact overall body dimensions. Thanks to this, it increases the convenience of working even in hard-to-reach areas. An important feature is the shortened wheelbase, which made it possible to reduce the turning radius of the tractor. The Universal tractor has the ability to turn around without making a wide radius - this is very important, for example, in cramped warehouse areas, or when there are a large number of obstacles that need to be constantly avoided. In addition, it is important to note that the model in question has a sensitive steering wheel, which is endowed with optimal feedback.
How does a tractor move on uneven roads?
The chassis of the Universal tractor moves well on uneven roads, by the standards of units in this price category. This is made possible thanks to a simplified chassis assembly layout, increased ground clearance and minimal body overhangs. Regardless of the tractor configuration, it is possible to use rear-wheel drive or all-wheel drive.
In addition, in the secondary market of agricultural machinery there is often a modification of the tractor with the function of switching between all-wheel drive and rear-wheel drive. For example, when driving on dirt or field roads, you can select the first mode. And rear-wheel drive can be used while working on a flat road.
Cabin description
In some cases, on the agricultural machinery market you can find “iron horse” models without a cab. But, basically, the Universal tractor has a spacious and, at the same time, small-sized cabin. Inside it has everything you need for comfortable work. Convenient access to the interior is provided by the wide door opening. High safety is ensured by the presence of steps with a relief surface. It is worth noting that the model in question has a wide glass area, which allows the operator to have a good view of the work area. This is also facilitated by thin body pillars and the high seating position of the driver's seat. The tractor driver has the ability to adjust the workplace to suit his height.
A normal microclimate in the cabin is ensured by the side vents in the summer, and by the heating system in the winter. The controls are simple, clear, and ergonomically placed on the front of the panel.
