✅ Alteration of the T 16 tractor

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01.08.2021

Before considering possible options for tuning the T-16 tractor, you should look at the reasons why such a need arose. It should be taken into account that this type of special equipment is designed to perform a wide variety of agricultural and construction work. These processes are ensured by using additional mounted and trailed engineering equipment in the form of special devices.

T-16/16MG. Universal tractor "beggar"

More than 20 years have passed since the production of the T-16MG ceased, but this tractor is still not uncommon in the vastness of our country, especially in rural areas.
Many people have at least once seen an unusual tractor, usually with a loading platform located in front of the cab. For this feature he received the popular name “beggar”. The second name given by the people was “shassik”.

Initially, the T-16 design was considered as a self-propelled universal chassis for various agricultural units. Since the power was small, it was not suitable for row-crop work, but it was quite suitable for weeding, spraying, forage harvesting, agricultural self-loaders, and haying.

The tractor worked not only in the village, but also in the city, mainly as equipment for road and municipal enterprises - road cleaning, marking, hydraulic lifts and even cranes - there were manipulators built on its basis.

Despite the versatility of this tractor, it was most often used as a rural truck, with a body in front and excellent cross-country ability. The distance from the ground to the lowest point of the tractor is more than half a meter. This distance is called agricultural clearance, by analogy with the ground clearance of a car. Maneuverability was also a big plus.

The carrying capacity is small, 750 kilograms. Yes, and you can’t load much volume, the cab is in the back, but it’s difficult to find another similar truck.

Production of the T-16 began in 1961 in Kharkov. At first, an engine with only 16 hp was installed. This is a two-cylinder, four-stroke, air-cooled diesel engine. It has an interesting feature - pre-chamber mixture formation; there are pre-chamber inserts in the block head. The piston is also not smooth; there is a depression in its bottom.

The 7-speed manual gearbox is also unique - the shafts in it are located transversely relative to the longitudinal axis, and the torque from the engine is transmitted by a bevel gear. This is what it looks like on the diagram.

This design made it possible to make the transmission very compact. The speed range is from 3.7 km/h to 19.5 km/h. There was only one reverse gear. There is also a power take-off shaft.

The steering could be either mechanical or hydraulic, where the front wheels were turned by a hydraulic cylinder.

The T-16 was produced for 6 years, from 1961 to 1967, then the T-16M modification appeared, with a more powerful 25 l/s engine, which expanded the speed range - from 1.6 km/h (a range multiplier appeared) to 23 km/h. This modification also featured a simple frame cabin.

Since the mid-eighties, an updated version of the T-16MG appeared. The engine has been improved, although the power remains the same. The speed increased to 40 km/h, three power take-off shafts appeared, and a more comfortable (if that word even fits it) cabin. The last “beggars” left the factory gates in 1995.

Technical characteristics of the T-16 tractor

Engine brand – D16
Power – 16 hp
Speed – from 3.72 to 19.5 km/h
Dimensions length/width/height – 3280/2500/2600 mm.
The track is adjustable - from 1550 to 2000 mm.
Weight – 1685 kg.
The platform's load capacity is 750 kg.
Agrotechnical clearance – 560 mm.
PTO – independent 533 rpm.

T-16 tractor engine

D16 is a four-stroke, two-cylinder diesel engine with a power of 16 hp. air cooled. Its peculiarity is the use of a pre-chamber mixture formation method. The prechamber is formed by a cavity that is pressed into the cylinder head in a special insert.

Engine power – 16 hp.
Rated speed – 1750 rpm.
Cylinder diameter/piston stroke – 95/120 mm.
Fuel consumption – 272 g/kWh
Cooling is air.
Towing class – 0.6 t.

The cylinder is cast from cast iron, with cooling fins, 17 in total. High-strength alloy grades of cast iron are used. For precise installation of the cylinders, there is a centering belt on the crankcase.

The material for the manufacture of the cylinder head is gray cast iron. It is attached to the cylinder using four pins. The role of the gasket between the cylinder head and the cylinder is performed by a copper ring.

The pistons are cast from high quality aluminum alloy. To increase the volume of the combustion chamber and improve mixture formation, a recess was made in the piston bottom.

The lubrication system is combined; oil is supplied to the crankshaft crank and main bearings under pressure through special channels; the remaining parts are lubricated by splashing.

The engine is started using a starter, directly from the cab. To make starting easier, a decompressor is installed.

Transmission

The T-16 received an eight-speed (7 forward and 1 reverse) manual transmission. The shafts in the box, relative to the longitudinal axis, have a transverse arrangement. This design made it possible to make it more compact, as well as to use cylindrical gears when transmitting rotation to the differential.

From the power plant, using the bevel gear of the clutch main shaft, torque is transmitted to the gearbox. A special locking mechanism completely eliminates gear shifting when the clutch is not completely disengaged.

The T-16 has a semi-independent power take-off shaft, it is located on the left side of the main gear housing. The shaft rotates at a speed of 533 rpm, at rated engine speed. The PTO is driven by the shaft that drives the clutch.

Chassis and control of the T-16 tractor

The chassis includes a frame, front and rear axles, and wheels. The T-16 frame is used for installing various equipment. This is a rigid welded structure, consisting of two longitudinal pipes, left and right, as well as transverse front and rear bars connecting the pipes.

Two bushings are pressed into the hole in the front beam, which serve as support for the swing axis of the bridge. The front axle itself consists of a balancer and two steering knuckles inserted into it. The rear axle is driven.

The wheels of the driving rear axle consist of a profiled rim, a disc and a low-pressure tire. The racks are evenly distributed and welded along the inner diameter of the rim, to which the disc is attached using six bolts. The wheel is attached to the hub using special bolts that are suitable for both front and rear wheels.

To ensure good adhesion of the tread to the surface, it is necessary to ensure correct installation. The arrow on the tire should point forward in the direction of travel.

Steering

The steering on the T-16 can be either mechanical or power-assisted. The steering column of the tractor is mounted with a flange on the rear beam of the frame. With mechanical control, forces from the steering wheel are transmitted to the front wheels using a system of cardan shafts, gears and sectors.

When steering with hydraulic booster, the force from the steering wheel is transmitted to the dispenser shank, which in turn directs the flow of fluid under pressure from the NSh gear pump into one or another cavity of the hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder, in turn, acts on the wheels of the front axle through a swing arm.

HOW I CONVERTED THE T-16 AND OTHER VARIOUS HOMEMADE CX EQUIPMENT AND OTHER THINGS

Here's a photo of what I got! what do you think?

Original)) in principle, I haven’t seen a better option yet, so that’s a pass.

where are the glasses from and what size if possible?

the awning is of great interest

what's under the hood?

And the hood from the Kyrgyzstan lid looks cool!

Under the hood I have a hydraulic tank from the NIVA combine, I removed the fuel tank from the UAZ 452 GUR, I removed the mechanical one from the ZIL 157, a double Bulgarian hydraulic pump, while one pump is working, I will soon install another distributor on the BUCKET loader. I will turn on the second pump. So let's move on. The cab from the KSK 100 is installed back to front . the frame from the manure dispenser in the summer there will be a photo of all the mounted implements, now everything is covered in snow.

Traktou has a 3-hull homemade PLOW with a special harrow. disc harrow. mower from TZ 4K 14 is an excellent mower, 100 times better than our mowers. Hydraulic lift. Rower. Mounted harrow with three harrows. There is a PE 08 loader bucket. I haven’t tested it in operation in the spring. I’ll try to load manure. enough for now .

The homemade frame is secured to the front frame and on the top side on a cable with an adjusting screw. On both sides of the tractor there are screws from the DT 75 swing arms. The side frames are held so that the frame does not fall to the ground.

Operation of the T-16 tractor: reviews from owners

Why did the T-16 tractor gain such popularity among the population? I think the point is in its main advantage, namely, low cost with good reliability and a wide range of work performed.

Other advantages include:

Easy to operate; a person without any special skills is quite capable of operating the “chassis”. Maintenance and repair are also not difficult if a person, like a mechanic, is at least familiar with the basics.
Small dimensions allow you to maneuver where a larger tractor cannot turn around.
Good cross-country ability will allow you to pick up or deliver cargo to places where a regular truck cannot go.
Due to the low weight, the soil does not roll down much during agricultural work.
A large selection of attachments makes the machine universal.

The main and almost the only drawback is considered to be the air cooling system of the engine. In winter, it is not possible to start the engine without preheating, and the engine does not have a cold start system.

Let’s read what T-16 owners say about this:

The technique is excellent, although it has many shortcomings, but you can easily correct them yourself. The tractor is perfect for working with a mower; you don’t need to constantly turn your head - everything is in front of your eyes. Hilling up potatoes is also a pleasure; the hiller, located between the axes, works stably between the rows, everything is controlled visually. Shows itself perfectly in the transportation of goods.
I will share my impressions of the tractor. My T-16 does not have any additional attachments; I use it exclusively as a truck. And here the vehicle showed its best side; its excellent cross-country ability makes it irreplaceable where a regular truck cannot pass. Ideal for trips to the forest, firewood, mushrooms, pine cones. You can drive into the deepest thicket.
Personally, I will never purchase such equipment for myself. I consider the disgusting visibility to be a huge disadvantage for myself; if the body is loaded above the sides, then a large dead zone is formed in front. There is also a terrible vibration in the cabin, as if you are riding a jackhammer.

Modernization of the T-16 tractor

Every person who works in agriculture understands the importance of using auxiliary equipment that will help perform various loading and unloading operations, and also, complete with trailed equipment, will help mechanize various crop, livestock and horticultural tasks . Design engineers, understanding the importance of the task, have long been creating equipment for agriculture that is capable of performing various agricultural work year-round in different climatic conditions, including using sets of mounted and trailed equipment.

From engineering, the tractor is used in agriculture, usually used as a vehicle or tractor. With the help of a tractor, the land is plowed and various non-self-propelled agricultural tools and machines are moved. The tractor, with the help of mounted and trailed engineering devices installed on it, is, in addition to the agricultural industry, also widely used in the construction industry.

Hydraulic system and attachments of the T-16 tractor

The machine is equipped with a separate-aggregate hydraulic system designed to control and monitor various hydraulic attachments. The system includes: a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic distributor, an oil expansion tank, oil lines and two hydraulic cylinders.

The equipment used on the T-16 is mounted on a frame in front of the cabin. In agriculture, the machine is perfectly combined with sprayers, equipment for feeding and fertilizing, mowers and hay blowers. It is convenient to hook harrows and rollers onto a bracket, onto the front crossbar, so that the harrow is located between the front and rear wheels.

Various utility equipment can also be perfectly combined with the tractor. Different types of loaders, including a self-loader with a dump truck body. Welding equipment, water pumps, sawmills.

Tractor t 16 attachments:

Various types of auxiliary equipment can be installed on the existing mounting points : cargo dump platform, loaders of various types, chain saw, grader shovel, road cleaning brush (installed under the frame), excavator, compressor station, haystack thrower, hay mowers, sprayers, etc. Tractor T- 16 is very convenient for use by agricultural and construction crews. Transporting crops, building materials, driving various agricultural and construction (winch, welding unit, circular saw) mechanisms - this is just a small list of work performed using this tractor. Many farmers and rural residents admit that the T-16 tractor is the most versatile and a useful agricultural mechanism from all available small power tractors.

Spare parts, attachments and trailed equipment for the T-16 tractor are easy to buy on any specialized market, and repairs in the event of a breakdown are inexpensive. Unpretentious to use, easy to repair and very reliable, the T-16 tractor has long won national recognition and affectionate nicknames (“shaitan”, “beggar”, etc.) and is used in many road, municipal enterprises and organizations, as well as in farming and rural households.

The basis for the development of the T-16 tractor was the DSSh-14 self-propelled chassis, which was produced at the Kharkov Self-propelled Tractor Chassis Plant (Ukraine) from 1961 to 1967. It was equipped with a 16 hp diesel two-cylinder engine, the driver's seat was located at the rear, open (without a cabin or canopy). The unit was developed on a chassis frame with space for installing various removable equipment; a haymower and cultivator are located under the frame. It was successfully used in rural areas as a small off-road truck.

History of the creation of the T-16 tractor

In the mid-50s, production and assembly of DSSh-14 began at the Kharkov Self-Propelled Tractor Chassis Plant. This tractor will be the beginning of a whole line of self-propelled chassis, which will become very popular among the population throughout the former Soviet Union.

— (this is the design of the block in CSS)

DSSh-14 had a design that was original for that time. It was decided to move the engine back, behind the cabin, and install the necessary equipment in front on a tubular frame.

Chassis DSSH-14 with seeder

The first car was released in 1956. Diesel engine with 14 hp. allowed movement at speeds of up to 13.7 km/h, the gearbox had six speeds, and the weight reached 1.67 tons. The tractor was produced in this configuration for 2 years, after which the plant switched to assembling the modernized DVSSH-16. The modernized machine had a weight reduction of 200 kg. weight and increased to 17 km.h. speed.

Further work to improve the self-propelled chassis led to the birth of the new T-16 model in 1961. Here a more powerful 16 hp was used. two-cylinder diesel. With a T-16 tractor weighing 1.43 tons, the load capacity was 750 kg, and the speed increased to 19.5 km/h.

At different times, machines for a wide variety of purposes were produced on the platform of this tractor: excavators, derricks, cranes, vibratory compactors. Equipment for road markings, street cleaning and, of course, a lot of agricultural equipment was installed.

The T-16 itself was produced over a period of six years; a total of 600 thousand were assembled. Modifications of this outstanding tractor were produced until 1995.

The plant's design bureau carried out modernization of the T-16 tractor.

-In 1967, the self-propelled chassis was modernized, which received an air-cooled diesel engine with a power of 25 hp, a new gearbox and the designation T-16M; a frame cabin was already installed on it. The load capacity has also increased due to the use of larger wheels. The installed gearbox made it possible to reduce the speed to 1.6 km/h. This advantage made it possible for unlimited use not only in agriculture, but also in other jobs. -Since 1986, they began producing the modernized T-16MG self-propelled chassis, on which a full-fledged cabin and an improved D-21A1 diesel engine were installed, the power remained the same - 25 hp. Improvements have affected many components and mechanisms, and the reliability of the unit has increased. In 1995, production of the T-16MG tractor was discontinued. Further improvement of the self-propelled chassis is carried out only by the owners of the equipment. Their efforts are aimed at producing universal additional equipment that is installed and successfully operated.

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