K-701 Kirovets 1985-2002: technical specifications, review, description

Category: TRACTORS

• The appearance of the tractor
• Features and purpose of the tractor
• Technical characteristics of the K-701 tractor
• Power motor
• Transmission
• Control
• Modifications

When it comes to equipment capable of doing hard work, the first thing that comes to the mind of a dedicated user is the 701 tractor. The self-propelled unit belongs to the recognizable Soviet-era equipment, the production of which has already been stopped, but the 701 is still used today at national economic facilities.

The popularity of the machine is explained by its simplicity, reliability, and performance indicators. Compared to its competitors, the KA 701 tractor is a highly productive self-propelled unit, equipped with a variety of attachments, including bulldozer type. Thanks to this, during the production period, from 75 to 2003, over five hundred thousand copies were collected.

Tractor K-701 “Kirovets”:

Tractor K-701 Kirovets

The appearance of the tractor

The prototype of the K-701 was a self-propelled vehicle labeled K-700, produced in 1962 at the Kirov plant located in Leningrad. This tractor, corresponding to the traction class “five”, is considered the first wheeled unit of this level produced in the Soviet Union. Due to the power of the power plant of 220 horsepower, the machine’s performance was many times greater than that of similar models. Mass production of the 700th Kirovets began in 69, and already in 75, after modernization, the K-700A modifications appeared, a little later the K-701.

Tractor K-700A:

K-700A

The distinctive features were the power plant; the K-700A uses a 238NDZ engine produced in Yaroslavl. The eight-cylinder engine develops 235 hp. The 701 tractor, whose technical characteristics of the power plant are higher, is equipped with a Yaroslavl 240B engine. The engine is 12-cylinder, develops 300 hp.

Power plant YaMZ-238NDZ (8 cylinders):

YaMZ-238NDZ

The second generation of tractors is distinguished by the use of a different approach to frame and suspension design. Thus, the wheeled tractor 701 lost its springs, and the fuel tank of the machine was made in the form of two steel tanks, each with a volume of 320 liters.

Power plant YaMZ-240B (12 cylinders):

YaMZ-240B

New discless wheels have been developed for the K-701 self-propelled vehicle, which are not suitable for the previous model. Low pressure tires with improved tread pattern are used. A characteristic feature of the wheels is the same diameter. These and other measures made it possible to achieve optimal weight distribution and make the machine more efficient.

AS-81

Today it is quite rare, but nevertheless, welding machines based on K-701 are used. This modification is used for DC welding of all kinds of pipelines and other metal products in the field .

Also, the AC-81 is often used to perform the following work:

• oil well piping;
• assembly and installation of compressor stations.

The welding machine itself is present on the rear of the tractor frame. This device is driven by a PTO.

The power of the motor installed in the Kirovets is quite enough for the simultaneous operation of as many as eight posts . The energy source is a three-phase generator type BG-200.

The technical characteristics of this model, labeled AC-81, are slightly different from the standard K-701:

• length, mm – 8,990;
• width, mm – 3,000;
• height, mm – 3,830;
• maximum possible speed on the highway, km/h – 30;
• total operating weight, kg – 17,000.

The design has two fuel tanks. The volume of each of them is 320 liters.

The operation of this equipment, as well as the welding machine located on its frame, can be carried out in the temperature range from -40 to +40 degrees.

A special feature of the K-701 AS-81 is the presence of a pre-heater of the PZD-30 type. Operating parameters of the welding machine itself:

• maximum power, kW – 200;
• type and name of current rectifier – VDM 1601/VDM1202S;
• rated welding current value, A – 1,600/1,250;
• rated voltage, V – 65;
• permissible current adjustment range (carried out in a stepwise manner), A – 6-315.

Also, the modification in question is traditionally equipped with an arrow that allows it to lift quite large weights.

Load capacity is as much as 800 kg . Usually this is quite enough to carry out auxiliary work during the installation of pipelines and other similar communications.

Features and purpose of the tractor

During operation, the K-701 self-propelled vehicle is used to perform the following types of work:

• Cultivation of land with a tractor;
• Soil treatment to prevent premature drying;
• Cultivation of land with a tractor without wrapping the topsoil;
• Fine cultivation of the soil layer with a tractor to allow air to enter the soil, leveling the area while simultaneously trimming weeds;
• Cultivation of industrial crops with a tractor;
• Soil treatment with special equipment;
• Operations for moving cargo by tractor;
• The set of works performed by a tractor in the field of: oil, gas, ore production.

What can be included with

The standard Kirovets kit includes a loading bucket and a dozer blade. Additionally, the machine can be equipped with the following types of working parts:

• plow;
• jaw grip;
• hydraulic hammer;
• cutters;
• cultivator;
• seeder;
• towing device.

Be sure to read: Technical characteristics of the SMD-14 engine

At the customer's request, the tractor can be equipped with additional tires, a heating system for fuels and lubricants, an air conditioner and a heating device.

Technical characteristics of the K-701 tractor

It should be taken into account that the tractor 701 has a different weight; the weight of the self-propelled machine depends on what auxiliary equipment is used. The unit overcomes a ford, the value of which reaches 90 centimeters. The maximum elevation angle is 18°.

Power motor

The K-701 series tractor is equipped with a power plant developed and produced at a plant located in Yaroslavl. The motor bears the abbreviation YaMZ-240MB. The unit has twelve volumetric displacement chambers, performs four strokes, V-shaped layout with liquid cooling. The motor is attached to the car body using three rubber dampers, which are installed on the front of the frame. The power plant starts with an electric starter, with a voltage in the circuit equal to 24V. Structurally, a pre-heater is provided to maintain the operating temperature of the coolant of an idle engine at sub-zero temperatures.

Technical characteristics of YaMZ-240MB:

• The cross section of the engine cylinder is 130 millimeters;
• The distance from the bottom to the top dead center of the engine piston is 140 millimeters;
• The ratio of the total volume to the volume of the engine combustion chamber is 16.5;
• Engine cylinder operation – 1-12-5-8-3-10-6-7-2-11-4-9;
• The sum of engine cylinder volumes is 22.3 liters;
• Engine dimensions – 1688*1016*1374 millimeters;
• Engine power – 198 kW (300 hp);
• Engine impulse indicator – 1216 Nm (1600 min-1);
• Power plant weight – 1670 kg;
• The resource of the power unit is 8000 hours.

The engine frame is made by casting, the material used is cast iron with the addition of alloying additives. Diesel oxidation occurs in a chamber located in the engine piston. The piston is made by casting, the material of the product is aluminum alloy with the addition of silicon. The crankshaft is equipped with dampers to dampen the beating of the liquid inside. Product material: stamped steel. The diameters of the crankshaft supports and connecting rod supports are 191.92 mm and 88 mm, respectively. The shaft that controls the closing and opening of the engine valves is made of steel and is mounted on seven supports.

Frequent malfunctions

Frequent malfunctions and methods for eliminating them yourself:

1. Wear of friction discs. Use key 19 to increase the tightening of the adjusting bolt.
2. The motor does not develop the required crankshaft speed. When pulling out the engine handle, push it back in.
3. There is strong smoke coming from the preheating system boiler. Check and adjust the fuel supply, open the supercharger cover if it is closed, or recharge the batteries.
4. Failure of the cuff, which causes coolant to leak from the supercharger. Use the tools to replace the cuff.
5. Increased heating of the gearbox. Rinse and blow out the jet.
6. Water enters the lubrication system. Tighten the injector cup mounting nut and replace the O-rings.
7. The adjustment of the fuel pump valves is incorrect. Rinse and wipe valves and seats, replace broken parts.

Transmission repair is necessary for the following problems:

• destruction of bearings under friction gears;
• presence of chips, pitting and damage to gear teeth and gear couplings;
• oil leakage through the sealing rings;
• wear, warping, sintering of friction discs.

If a system or unit fails, parts are deformed or broken, a major overhaul is performed.

Transmission

The mechanisms of the K-701 tractor, transmitting impulse from the engine to the drive wheels, make up the transmission: semi-rigid clutch, variable gearbox, cardan, axles. There is no center differential in the diagram.

• A special feature of the K-701 coupling is that it works in conjunction with the pump drive conversion mechanism. The semi-rigid design contains rubber elements that soften vibrations and overloads during operation of the power plant. The transmission of engine torque to the variable gearbox occurs smoothly, without incident. The clutch itself is installed on the flywheel. The rear wheels of the car are switched off, thereby reducing fuel consumption.

Semi-rigid coupling assembly K-701:

Semi-rigid coupling

• The device for changing speeds is of a mechanical type, has many stages, the gears are in constant mesh, frictional, the mechanism for changing modes is mechanical. The product is mounted on shock absorbers in order to reduce vibration on the K-701 body. The mechanism is equipped with sixteen forward gears and eight reverse gears.
• Both K-701 bridges are structurally leading and replace each other. Rear can be switched off, front with parking brake. Both products are attached to the floor frames.
• All-wheel drive is possible through the use of a cardan transmission on the K-701 self-propelled vehicle.

The need to eliminate any breakdowns that have occurred

The gearbox on the tractor ensures efficient starting and stopping of the machine. That is why it is necessary to take proper care of it. Ignoring any malfunctions with the transmission system can lead to spontaneous movement of special equipment, creating an emergency situation. Taking this into account, Kirovets must be periodically subjected to full diagnostics. This procedure includes checking the tractor components. First of all, these are mechanisms related to the engine and transmission system.

The duration of operation of the transmission system is influenced by what kind of fuel is added to the high-speed box. For the K 700 (701) gearbox, you should choose oils that retain their performance characteristics for a long time. It is allowed to fill the main and final drives with Nigrol.

You can carry out a fuel change in Kirovets either independently or entrust this procedure to mechanics who have experience in performing this work. Upon completion of the box repair, professional service centers must issue a guarantee for the work done.

For preventive purposes, it is necessary to clean the oil-conducting channels of the crosspiece. All worn or deformed components related to the gearbox must be replaced. It is better to give preference to original spare parts. This will guarantee that they will not fail prematurely. As a rule, the need to disassemble the gearbox arises as a result of prolonged use of the tractor.

When installing new spare parts into the system, certain rules must be followed. In particular, when it is necessary to install a drive shaft into the crankcase, there is a possibility that the bushing will be damaged. That is why it is advisable to entrust the work of replacing individual mechanisms to experienced craftsmen. To repair an engine or transmission, a special stand is required. The device removed from the tractor and fixed on the stand makes it possible to simplify the process of carrying out restoration work.

Thus, the gearbox installed on the tractor ensures efficient movement of the vehicle regardless of the choice of speed mode. The box has several drive stages. When repairing a gearbox, it requires disassembly, washing of its component parts, troubleshooting, and reassembly.

Control

After changes were made, starting in 1982, the K-701 began to use a combined type hydraulic system. One hydraulic tank is installed, powered by an NSh-100L2 pump. In addition, the steering wheel is tilt adjustable.

When turning the K-701 tractor, the angle of rotation of the wheel and the floor of the frame are coordinated. For this purpose, a special tracking device is used, which connects the gearbox bipod to the rear floor frame. The actual rotation of the K-701 occurs due to hydraulics; the process is assisted by two hydraulic cylinders and a hydraulic distributor. Hydraulic cylinders, through the fluid entering them, move the frames relative to each other.

History of creation

In the second half of the last century, the need to implement labor-intensive and large-scale economic projects initiated the development of powerful tractor equipment that was at the same time economical in everyday use. The K-700 brand machine, which meets all the stated requirements, was created by the designers of the Kirov Tractor Plant in 1963.

The powerful all-wheel drive general purpose tractor, which has received general recognition, after significant modernization since 1972 in the domestic and foreign markets, became known as the Kirovets K-701.

Modifications

The K-701 tractor was produced for twenty-seven years, and was repeatedly modernized and improved. For this reason, a large number of modifications of self-propelled vehicles have appeared:

• Self-propelled vehicle K-700. Base, produced from 62 to 75;
• Self-propelled vehicle K-700A. Next after K-700, standardized with K-701. The YaMZ-238NDZ power plant with turbine supercharging is used;
• Self-propelled vehicle K-701. Standardized with the K-700A, the YaMZ-240BM2 power engine is used;
• The K-701M self-propelled vehicle is equipped with a YaMZ-8423.10 power plant (335 hp);
• Self-propelled vehicle K-701 PF-1. Wheel loader;
• Self-propelled machine K-701 Forest loader. Similar to the previous model with a jaw grip, fixes logs or pipes;
• Self-propelled vehicle K-701M-VK. Vibratory roller. Compacts the soil during construction;
• Self-propelled vehicle K-701T-TTB. Tractor-type tractor, used when towing cargo;
• Tractor K 701 with bulldozer equipment. Performs work on the ground using special equipment.

Tractor K-701M with power plant YaMZ-8423 (335 hp):

YaMZ-8423

The K-701 “Kirovets” tractor is in great demand and popularity. Reliability of the design, long service life, ease of handling and control are in demand, despite the presence of a number of shortcomings. When selecting a self-propelled machine, it is necessary to take into account the nature of the work required. It is recommended to study the instructions for a self-propelled machine in advance, since the tractor copes with large volumes of tasks, while using the machine for small needs is not advisable.

"Kirovets" inside

“Kirovets” is one of the few tractors whose cabin is designed for two people. It is quite spacious, but has a number of disadvantages. So, there is no normal ventilation and heating system here. The controls are placed very inconveniently.

Among the advantages, it is necessary to note good all-round visibility (partly thanks to the “captain’s” landing). In terms of comfort, the Kirovets is significantly inferior to Chinese and American tractors.