KamAZ-43114. Technical description and characteristics of the machine

KamAZ 43114 is a Russian 3-axle truck with a 6x6 wheel arrangement and all-wheel drive, which belongs to the heavy class and is characterized by increased cross-country ability.

Due to its technical characteristics, the KamAZ 43114 chassis is extremely popular and in high demand in a wide variety of industries, for example, in the armed forces and the oil and gas industry. This is due to the fact that the design of the vehicle allows the installation of various add-ons, such as vans, hydraulic lifts, tanks, etc.

Model history

The vehicle model in question was created at the Kama Automobile Plant in 1991. For this purpose, completely new design solutions were developed, and some elements of the KamAZ 43101 vehicles, which have proven their reliability in the field conditions of Afghanistan, were used. As a result, the new product received wide-profile tires and an improved power unit.

Despite the improved technical characteristics of carrying capacity, the KamAZ 43114 model was not put into mass production for a long time. There were several reasons for this.

1. The Soviet Union collapsed.
2. An economic crisis began in the country.

And yet, in 1996, the first military models of KamAZ 43114 with improved technical characteristics rolled off the production line. After some time, civilian versions of the truck were also presented, which were distinguished by the presence of a berth and a longer cabin. All these modifications were created on the same KamAZ 43114 chassis, and therefore their performance characteristics are almost identical.

The characteristics of KamAZ 43114 make this car relevant and in demand (in its class) to this day. Despite the fact that modifications of this truck are no longer produced, the secondary market offers similar vehicles in working condition and at an acceptable price range.

Advantages of the machine

One of the main advantages of the KamAZ-43114 vehicle is its high cross-country ability. This is achieved due to the fact that this model has three drive axles, with the possibility of simultaneous blocking. The manufacturer additionally installs a winch on all models. This part allows the car to move completely off-road.

Each axle consists of an axle housing, final drive, differential and axle shafts

In addition, the car has a number of advantages:

KamAZ 43114 - all-terrain vehicle

• the chassis of the universal and onboard KamAZ-43114 has a long service life;
• the truck is unpretentious to weather conditions, works flawlessly in severe frosts and summer heat;
• all installed parts are highly durable, which allows you to use the car for a long time without additional repairs;
• it is possible to install drilling equipment, a crew car, etc. on KamAZ;
• low cost of special equipment compared to foreign analogues;
• despite its heavy weight, the truck is easy to drive;
• wide viewing angle from the high cabin;
• possibility of carrying out minor repairs in “field” conditions.

The list of advantages of the KamAZ-43114 vehicle does not end there. According to reviews from the owners of this truck, it is one of the best in its class.

Car modifications

All varieties of the truck model in question, which were produced by the Kama Automobile Plant, were performed on one 6x6 platform, where the center distance is 334 and 132 cm, and the overhang of the front part of the vehicle is 142 cm. Also, each modification received a KamAZ-740.31-240 diesel engine.

The copies, which were intended for the needs of the Russian Army, were on-board tilt cargo vehicles (KAMAZ 43114-15) or vehicles intended for the installation of special equipment.

Civilian KamAZ trucks of this series also had 2 versions. The simplest was a flatbed truck. The second option assumed a wide range of applications, and therefore a hydraulic lift, tank, crane and other necessary equipment could be installed on this chassis.

An excellent example for this case is a rotation bus on the KamAZ 43114 chassis, which has retained all the technical characteristics of the truck. Note that the side and universal variations differed in length 7.73 versus 7.63 meters, respectively.

Purpose

Relatively low price for a powerful all-wheel drive truck, low diesel fuel consumption, lightness, good cross-country ability and exceptional stability are the obvious advantages of trucks built on the KamAZ-43502 chassis. And at the same time – the secrets of their popularity in Russia and the CIS. This model is used both to staff the vehicle fleet of the Russian armed forces and in the civilian sector. In particular, shift buses of domestic oil and gas producing companies are often installed on the KamAZ-43502 chassis. These are SPTS - specialized cross-country passenger vehicles.

The ambulance, equipped on a KamAZ-43502 chassis and designed to operate in extremely difficult climatic and road conditions, was successfully tested on the Kolyma highway in the winter of 2022, covering 1,370 km from Magadan to a number of settlements and back. In extreme conditions, the driving performance of the car, the performance of autonomous heating and lighting systems, including at night, and the durability of the body and electrical equipment in difficult climatic conditions were tested.

The modern fire truck is built on a KamAZ-43502 all-wheel drive chassis. Its arsenal includes a tank for 3 thousand liters of water, a tank for 200 liters of foam, a pump with a capacity of up to 40 liters per second, a powerful compressor for supplying compressed air, an advanced fire extinguishing and smoke absorption system with Hiromax water mist, and space for a fire crew of seven people. Also, at the Army-2015 and Interpolitech-2015 exhibitions, the Patrol armored vehicle on the KamAZ-43502 chassis was presented.

KamAZ 43114 device

The car in question is a typical representative of the Kama automaker's cargo vehicles, which, among other things, has excellent off-road capability.

There are a huge number of standard systems on board the truck that ensure ease and safety of its operation. The materials used do not reduce the tonnage of the vehicle, but increase its safety margin, and the tailgate facilitates the loading/unloading procedure.

On the territory of the Russian Federation there are a large number of branded service centers specializing in the maintenance of vehicles of this brand, so in principle there are no serious problems with the maintenance and service of KamAZ vehicles.

Cargo compartment

KamAZ-43114, whose technical characteristics speak of its strength, is simply obliged to transport something. The only question is - what? 43114 has several upgrades, so to speak. All of them are related to the replacement of cargo edema. As a standard, KamAZ-43114 has a small body. You can transport absolutely everything in it. Bulk and solid materials, including construction waste, food products. This body is convenient for those companies that engage in any kind of transportation. There are also passenger options.

Instead of a cargo compartment, there are varnishes, fenced on the sides with a low fence. If desired, you can make an alternative roof. If you come up with special fastenings, then it will be possible to pull an awning on the KamAZ. The truck is also used as a platform for other equipment. For example, it is used to move the assembly boom, automobile tanks and other things.

Engine

The power plant, which is equipped with all KamAZ 43114, has repeatedly proven its reliability and unpretentiousness. This is a V-shaped 8-cylinder KamAZ-740.31-240 unit with a fairly simple design. It is characterized by outstanding repairability and long service life.

The diesel parameters are as follows.

• Volume - 10.85 l.
• Power – 176 kW / 240 l. With.
• Rotation speed – 2200 rpm.
• Torque – 912 Nm.
• Compression ratio - 16.5.
• The cylinder diameter is 120 millimeters.

Having such an engine, KamAZ 43114 demonstrates very moderate fuel consumption. So, to travel 100 kilometers without a load, a car spends about 30.5 liters of diesel fuel. With a load, it goes the same way, burning 33.2 or 37.3 liters of diesel fuel in summer and winter, respectively.

KamAZ 43114 refueling tanks include 2 fuel tanks. Their volume can be 2x210 or 170+125 liters. This equipment allows the truck to travel almost a thousand kilometers without refueling.

Operating features of the machine

According to reviews from owners and drivers of KamAZ-43114, this model from the Kama Automobile Plant copes well with its tasks. The truck can be operated both on asphalt surfaces and in complete off-road conditions.

High cross-country ability is achieved due to the ability to turn on three bridges simultaneously. The installed winch also plays an important role in cross-country ability.

KAMAZ 43114 winch diagram

The power unit of the machine is distinguished by its endurance and unpretentiousness to weather conditions. Its power is quite enough to move in complete off-road conditions, even with a loaded car. Despite the relatively high fuel consumption, the truck's cruising range is 930 kilometers.

The KamAZ-43114 cabin is distinguished by its height and spacious interior. The chairs installed in the cabin will be comfortable for people of any size. The car gained particular popularity in severe frost conditions thanks to its cabin heating. The car interior is always warm, even at very low ambient temperatures.

From the above it follows that the KamAZ-43114 truck is one of the best vehicles in its class. It perfectly performs its tasks in any climatic conditions, regardless of the quality of the road surface.

Video on the topic: Construction of the KamAZ 43114 vehicle cab

Dimensions

All KamAZ 43114 are manufactured on the same platform, the wheelbase of which is 334 centimeters. However, the overall dimensions of different versions have some differences. So, the dimensions of the flatbed truck (in centimeters):

• length – 773.0;
• height – 337.5;
• width – 267.0;
• ground clearance - 36.0;
• outer turning radius – 1130.

For cargo platform:

• length – 489.2;
• width – 247.0;
• side height – 73.0;
• loading height – 153.5.

The length of the universal modification is 10 centimeters less.

Appearance

The exterior of the car does not attract any attention. No, he's not ugly, but he's not handsome either. Something in between. KamAZ-43114, photos sometimes prove this, is similar to hundreds of models of its brothers. If it weren’t for the “KAMAZ” inscription, it would be difficult to distinguish it from others. A look from above will help you understand that this truck has acquired a rectangular shape. It is distinguished by a small square cabin and body. In front there is a low radiator grille, with the above-mentioned inscription shining on it in silver letters. What really distinguishes KamAZ from other representatives of the heavy class of vehicles are the wipers. The truck has them in non-standard stock. As many as three wipers simultaneously wash the windshield. The bumper is also visible from the front. It is slightly moved away from the body itself. This increases the degree of security. There are rear view windows on the sides. There are several of them, and they look from different angles. This was done specifically to reduce the area of ​​the “blind zone”.

Transmission and brakes

The KamAZ 43114 vehicle uses a 10-speed manual gearbox with a dry 2-disc friction clutch and a differential lock. The manual transmission is controlled mechanically and remotely.

In addition, the truck is equipped with a 2-speed transfer case and leaf spring suspension.

The car's brakes are represented by a pneumatic drum-type system, where the diameter of the drums is 400 mm. A pair of rechargeable batteries and a 28 V generator are responsible for electrical supply.

Manual

Adjusting the KamAZ clutch includes the following steps:

• control and setting of free play of the clutch control pedal;
• adjusting the stroke of the clutch control;
• checking the stroke of the drive pusher with pneumatic booster.

The operating instructions recommend adjusting the clutch as follows:

1. Set the pedal travel within 6-12 mm. The measurement is taken along the middle part of the foot area. The stroke is changed by rotating the eccentric, which adjusts the gap between the piston and the master cylinder piston pin. The setting is performed with the pedal released. After adjustment, the eccentric nut is tightened and secured with a cotter pin.
2. Check the pedal stroke. With a correctly set gap, the stroke varies between 185-195 mm.
3. The clutch stroke is changed by shifting the lever mounted on the fork. The displacement is made using a nut. The normal stroke is 3.2-4 mm.
4. The pusher stroke is measured with the pedal fully pressed to the floor. The stroke must be at least 25 mm. The reduction in stroke is affected by incorrect free play of the pedal, as well as fluid leaks or airing of the circuit.

The electrical circuit of the all-terrain vehicle has a voltage of 24 V; the car body is used as a negative conductor. Power sources are two batteries with a capacity of 190 Ah and a generator mounted on the engine.

Table: technical characteristics of KamAZ 43114

Adjusting tire pressure under normal driving conditions

The vehicle may be driven on paved roads and compacted dirt roads only with a rated tire pressure corresponding to the maximum load on the tire. 1. The wheel valves of all wheels must be open. 2. Set the tire pressure distributor switch to the right position. 3. Bring the air pressure in the tires using the standard system to the nominal pressure level, monitoring the tire inflation pressure gauge. 4. To reduce wear on the sealing collar by reducing the time it operates under compressed air pressure, it is necessary to:

• close the wheel valves of all wheels;
• set the tire pressure distributor switch to the left position;
• Turn the low pressure regulator counterclockwise to set the pressure on the tire pressure gauge to zero. In this case, the pressure in the executive lines (from the accelerator valve to the wheel valves) is also set equal to zero, and thus the air pressure in the cuff cavity is relieved. Tire air pressure is maintained using closed wheel valves.

Regulating tire pressure in difficult road conditions

On difficult sections of the route (wetlands, virgin snow, loose sand), a short-term decrease in the internal air pressure in the tires is allowed, while the maximum speed should be 15-20 km/h. After overcoming a difficult section of the road, it is necessary to increase the tire pressure to nominal. 1. The wheel valves of all wheels must be open. 2. Set the tire pressure distributor switch to the left position. 3. Bring the air pressure in the tires using the standard system to a reduced pressure level, monitoring the tire inflation pressure gauge. 4. To reduce wear on the sealing collar by reducing the time it operates under compressed air pressure, it is necessary to:

• close the wheel valves of all wheels;
• set the tire pressure distributor switch to the right position;
• Turn the low pressure regulator counterclockwise to set the pressure on the tire inflation pressure gauge to zero. In this case, the pressure in the executive lines (from the accelerator valve to the wheel valves) is also set equal to zero, and thus the air pressure in the cuff cavity is relieved.