B10M - bulldozer-loosening apparatus of Chelyabinsk machine builders

NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR B10M SERIES TRACTORS

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COMMON DATA

Type Traction class Ground clearance with unloaded lugs, mm Minimum turning radius, m, no more Maximum surmountable steepness, degree: ascent (descent) – without trailer – with trailer slope – without trailer Fording depth, m, no more Maximum weight of towed wheel trailer, t, no more: – when moving on a horizontal surface – when overcoming an ascent (descent) with a steepness of at least 20 degrees

BULLDOZER ENGINE B10M

Type Number of cylinders Cylinder diameter, mm Piston stroke, mm Cylinder displacement, l Nominal torque reserve, %, no less Relative oil consumption as a percentage of fuel consumption: – total, no more – burn-in Starting system Electric starter starting system Starter model Power, kW Operating voltage, V Starting motorModel Type Rated power under standard atmospheric conditions, kW (hp), not less Crankshaft speed at rated power, rpm Number of cylinders Cylinder diameter, mm Stroke, mm Cylinder displacement, l System launch

TRANSMISSION OF BULLDOZER B10M

Type Hydromechanical transmission Torque converter Gearbox Main gear Turning mechanism Stopping and parking brakes Final drives Mechanical transmission Clutch Gearbox

RUNNING SYSTEM OF BULLDOZER B10M

Type Cart suspension Track tensioning mechanism

ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

Type Rated voltage, V Generator 966.3701 or G1000V Rechargeable batteries: – quantity – voltage of one battery, V

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ATTACHMENTS OF BULLDOZER B10M

Type Hydraulic pump Maximum fluid pressure in the hydraulic system (safety valve setting pressure), MPa Distributor Filter

Purpose

Special equipment is in demand at enterprises in the oil, gas, mining, and forestry industries. A bulldozer can often be found at construction sites or during land reclamation activities.

Without preliminary loosening, the device can cope with soils of categories I-III. The machine confidently works with sand, gravel, loam of any density or light clay.

When using a ripper, layer-by-layer digging of category IV soil (frozen soil of any composition) is possible. In addition, the machine is used when clearing snow debris - the maximum operating temperature is -50 °C.

Advantages and disadvantages

Users include the following characteristics among the advantages of T-130 special equipment:

1. Solid performance.
2. Multifunctionality.
3. High degree of reliability.
4. Simplicity of design.
5. Good traction.
6. Simple repairs, available spare parts, long service life.
7. Reasonable price.

Electrical circuit of the T-130 bulldozer
However, the tractor also has certain disadvantages. It is quite difficult to start a car in severe frost if it is not equipped with a pre-start heater. Power equipment produces excessively loud levels of vibration and noise. The unit turns jerkily, and traces of water often appear in the oil.

The side clutches of a bulldozer often break and drivers cannot understand why the reverse gear has disappeared. Also among the negative qualities is the heavy weight of this tractor.

Operating Parameters

I would like to talk separately about the technical side of equipping the bulldozer. Traction, strength and ergonomic parameters make it popular in its class.

Table No. 1. Specifications

Power block

The bulldozer can be equipped with two engine options. The basic model is equipped with a D-180 power unit. This is an inline four-cylinder turbocharged engine. It is cooled by liquid. Machine operators note its unpretentiousness, reliability and high maintainability.

D-180 parameters:

1. Crankshaft speed - 1250 rpm.
2. Cylinder volume is 14.45 liters.
3. Torque reserve - 25%.
4. Average fuel consumption is 218 g/kW∙hour (160 g/l.s.∙hour).
5. Cylinder diameter x piston stroke, mm - 150 x 205.
6. Compliance with environmental standards - EURO-2.

A nuance of a standard engine: it can run on diesel fuel, kerosene or gas condensate.

The second version of the power plant is the YaMZ-236N-3 motor, which is assembled at a plant located in Yaroslavl.

This is a six-cylinder V-shaped diesel engine with a mechanical fuel supply system and direct injection. The engine is liquid cooled and is turbocharged to increase power.

Motor characteristics:

1. Crankshaft speed - 2100 rpm.
2. Cylinder volume - 11.15 liters.
3. Torque - 882 N∙m (at 1300 rpm).
4. Fuel consumption - 215 g/kW∙hour (159 g/l.s.∙hour).
5. Cylinder diameter x piston stroke, mm - 130 x 140.
6. Compliance with environmental standards - class 1 - GOST R 41.96-2005, Euro-2.

Power transmission, chassis

A mechanical or hydromechanical transmission is responsible for transmitting torque. The first is represented by an 8-speed gearbox and a hydraulic server to control the rotary mechanism.

In devices of recent years of production, they abandoned the clutch and torque converter in favor of a driveshaft. This configuration increases the efficiency of the bulldozer and reduces fuel consumption.

The second type of transmission is hydromechanical. It consists of a three-wheeled single-stage torque converter, a planetary 3-speed reversible gearbox, and final drives.

This configuration is characterized by efficiency, smoothness and ergonomic operation. The operator makes less effort to control equipment and attachments. In addition, quick reverse and rapid stage change are possible without interruption of torque.

The chassis has a three-point suspension and a micro-sprung balance beam. The weight of the base vehicle is carried by 6 road wheels, the swamp vehicle (a separate modification) is held by 7. The tracks are assembled from shoes 0.5 m wide.

The articulated connection of the elements is equipped with a Duo Con seal, which protects the rubbing surfaces from dirt. The drive sprocket is segmented: removable parts ensure a long service life and ease of repair.

Onboard clutches installed in front of the final gearboxes are responsible for maneuvering. These are permanently closed couplings with wear-resistant cermet discs.

They are activated by a hydraulic servo drive. When making turns, band brakes help to stop the drive.

Hydraulic system

The bulldozer was equipped with a separate-aggregate hydraulic system. It is powered by a gear pump NSh-100A-3L. At a rotation speed of 1823 rpm, it produces 180 liters per minute of working fluid, the pressure of which is limited by a safety valve at 20 MPa.

The hydraulic oil flow is controlled by a three-spool distributor with four positions.

The knife is lifted by a long-stroke cylinder with a diameter of 100 mm, the blade is skewed and the ripper is positioned by actuators with a cross-section of 160 mm.

Modifications of the bulldozer B10M

At the moment, only two modifications of the bulldozer in question are common. One is standard, the second is used in conditions of high humidity, in swamps. They differ not only in appearance, but also in layout and chassis. These models are marked as follows:

• B10M.0111-1E – standard basic modification;
• B10MB.0121-2B4 – modification for work in swamps.

B10M.0111-1E has the following performance characteristics:

• D-180 engine is installed;
• transmission – mechanical;
• number of skating rinks – 5;
• the engine is started using a special starting motor - P-23U;
• attachments installed at the rear of the chassis are used;
• front attachment – ​​hemispherical blade of class “E”.

Basic modification - B10M.0111-1E

The swamp modification has some significant differences, which relate primarily to the layout.

Model B10MB.0121-2B4 has the following features:

• engine - YaMZ-326N-3 (a more powerful unit is required due to the use of equipment on soft soils);
• transmission is only mechanical;
• total number of track rollers – 7 pcs.;
• the engine is started using an electric starter;
• a pendulum tow hitch is always used at the rear;
• in the front part there is a mounted straight fixed shaft without hydraulic distortion - type “B”.

Visually, the B10M modifications differ from each other only in the presence of attachments included in the basic package. The usual model B10MB.0121-2B4 looks like this:

Swamp modification - B10MB.0121-2B4

Models B10M2 and B10M.6100 are slightly more rare. Model B10M2 has the following distinctive features:

• cabin with double glazed windows;
• speed control is carried out automatically, directly by the transmission;
• An impressive transmission resource is ensured by rolling bearings and DUO CON seals.

B10M2 looks like this:

A distinctive feature of the B10M.6100 bulldozer is the use of a unique hexagonal cabin. This is precisely its main advantage. Since this type of shape allows you to maximize the all-round visibility of the driver. Also worth mentioning are:

• Sliding bearings are used - due to which the life of the running system is increased;
• The inside of the cabin is covered with a thick layer of noise-absorbing materials, making work in it as comfortable as possible.

Bulldozer B10M.6100 looks like this:

You can often find models B10PMB.0121-1B4 and B10PM.0101-EN on sale. The first is used to perform various tasks in marshy areas. The second one is specially designed to perform tasks at training grounds.

Also, if necessary, through special sales representatives it will be possible to order various configurations of this type of equipment. It will be possible to choose the type of cabin to be installed and its heating system.

When choosing, special attention should be paid to the number of road wheels. The cross-country ability of a particular model directly depends on this.

general characteristics

The exterior of the bulldozer cannot be called elegant. He is rather ascetic. The cabin and engine compartment have simple, laconic shapes. But they show the strength of steel structures aimed at providing traction characteristics.

In addition, the device was equipped with a power take-off shaft, which is necessary to transmit rotation to a traction winch, which expands the capabilities of the machine in the logging industry.

Dimensions

By definition, a representative of traction class 10 cannot have outstanding dimensions. The chassis turned out to be compact. However, the cabin was very spacious.

Table No. 2. Dimensions

Workplace

The cabin is made of a welded metal structure with all-round visibility. Access to it is possible from the right and left sides. It has a PILOT type driver's seat.

The chair is placed on vibration dampers and can be adjusted in several planes. For operator comfort, installation of several types of heaters is provided.

These are autonomous devices that heat the interior even when the engine is stopped or use the heat of its coolant.

The manufacturer may offer optional equipment for the cabin (a delivery option even without it is possible). To work in northern regions, it is possible to install double-glazed windows and a high-performance air heater. For southern versions, air conditioning can be installed, and the windows will be tinted.

In addition, the cab can be equipped with ROPS components (FOPS), designed to protect the driver in the event of a vehicle rollover or heavy objects falling onto the roof.

Control of working mechanisms

The operator activates the mounted implements directly from the cab. The position of the blade is regulated by a corresponding two-way lever, which raises or lowers the structure, and also changes the tilt of the knife in the vertical plane. A separate handle is responsible for the operation of the ripper hydraulic cylinder.

A traction winch can be installed on the chassis, which rotates through the bulldozer PTO. It solves several problems at once:

1. Performs towing work when laying communications in the ground.
2. Participates in the elimination of various rubble.
3. Facilitates clearing of clearings in the logging industry.
4. Helps in restoring railway communication.

The winch is activated using the corresponding levers installed in the cabin. The hydraulic drive allows you to avoid using excessive force when turning on or off the traction device.

Design features

The B-10 bulldozer is the result of a planned modernization of the T10 tractor. As a result of improving the design and introducing new structural elements, the following was achieved:

• reducing the working pressure in the hydraulic system by 40% and increasing its durability due to the introduction of long-stroke hydraulic cylinders;
• increasing the accuracy and speed of movement of the blade, reducing the force required to bury it in the ground due to the displacement of the attachment points of the hydraulic cylinders forward;
• facilitating engine maintenance by changing the layout of the engine compartment;
• increasing productivity when developing soil of groups 1-3 due to the introduction of a hemispherical blade.

Thanks to the use of the T10 tractor as a base, it was possible to unify many parts and spare parts. The B-10 bulldozer can be equipped with various equipment that increases its functionality and productivity.

Performances

The Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant catalog contains several modifications of the basic BM 10 apparatus, developed for use in certain conditions. Among the popular ones I can point out:

• B10MB - swamp version with an increased supporting surface of the shoes;
• B10M2 is a modified version of the base vehicle.

In addition, it is possible to produce versions with certain pre-installed attachments and engines.

In this case, the chassis is assigned a four-digit numeric index with a letter. For example, the designation “0101E” informs that the machine is equipped with a D-180 diesel engine and bulldozer equipment of the “E” type.

Ripping equipment

Ripping equipment for bulldozer B10M

It is a ripper unit with a ripper stand and a ripper tip (fang) attached to it. The ripper is used for loosening hard rocks and road surfaces, and can also be used to develop frozen soils.

Pros, cons

Chelyabinsk special equipment has several positive aspects compared to other representatives of this class of machines.

I would like to point out some of them:

1. Ease of operation and maintenance. Spare parts are easy to obtain, both new and partially used ones.
2. The price of a bulldozer and its repair.
3. Mountings of working tools intended for narrow applications.
4. A comfortable cabin that meets current European standards for the operation of special equipment.

However, users of the machine voice that the design has problematic components, the breakdown of which occurs relatively often. Failures are related to the hydraulic system: in the cold, high-pressure hoses crack, oil seals and seals leak, servos begin to work incorrectly.

Cabin

The operator's seat is located in a cabin with panoramic glazing and a reinforced frame, which ensures a safe stay for a person inside. Factory designers competently designed the driver’s work area, carefully considering the location of all instruments and control levers so that the operator could comfortably perform the assigned tasks.

Engine control system for bulldozer T-130

T-130 cockpit and controls

The chair is equipped with convenient tilt and height adjusters, which ensures that the worker can achieve a posture in which he feels comfortable while working. Reliable insulation from dust and noise ingress is achieved using soft rubber seals. Thanks to the heating system, the room quickly heats up in cold weather.

Analogs

When it comes to analogues of the domestic bulldozer of this modification, their availability in the vastness of our state is sufficient. The most approximate technical indicators are characteristic of three models: TM-10, Caterpillar D6R and B10M. They are characterized by the following parameters:

But it was the ChTZ-130 model that became the most striking and capacious representative of our domestic mechanical engineering, since it absorbed all the high production potential of the USSR industry and the design genius of Soviet engineers.

Video: T-130 bulldozer.