How to correctly determine the amount of firewood in one cubic meter

Firewood is delivered not only by KAMAZ, ZIL, and Gazelles. Sometimes they are carried in tractor carts. Such transport is common in small towns and numerous villages.

There are many trailers (carts) for tractors. But the most common is a biaxial one with the marking 2PTS-4. 5-6 years ago an updated version appeared under the label 2PTS-4.5.

Tractor trailers differ in volume and load capacity. Therefore, you can answer the question of how much firewood is in the cart from two positions.

From the perspective of the contained volume. And from the point of view of the weight that it can lift if the sides are increased.

How much firewood is in a tractor cart - Vyacheslav Belyaev found out

Author: Vyacheslav Belyaev, published 12/27/2016More articles from the section Answering questions Firewood is delivered not only by KAMAZ, ZIL, and Gazelles. Sometimes they are carried in tractor carts. Such transport is common in small towns and numerous villages.

There are many trailers (carts) for tractors. But the most common is a biaxial one with the marking 2PTS-4. 5-6 years ago an updated version appeared under the label 2PTS-4.5.

Tractor trailers differ in volume and load capacity. Therefore, you can answer the question of how much firewood is in the cart from two positions.

From the perspective of the contained volume. And from the point of view of the weight that it can lift if the sides are increased.

How to buy high-quality and inexpensive goods

To purchase a quality product, you must order it from a trusted supplier who has been doing his business for a long time and has regular customers. At the same time, the prices of such companies are an order of magnitude lower compared to “young” manufacturers.

High quality birch firewood

Many companies that sell birch logs hold various types of promotions. For example, if you order crushed fuel in large quantities, delivery will be free.

Birch firewood should look healthy. In this case, the wood fuel must be equal in size and free from knots and painful growths. Dry logs burn better, but have a shorter shelf life

This is important to consider if the order volume is large.

To purchase a high-quality and inexpensive product, you need to carefully study the timber market.

How much firewood is in a tractor cart based on its volume?

The old type marked 2PTS-4 is more common. The model has low sides. Internal dimensions of the platform: height 530 mm, length 4082 mm, width 2318 mm.

These standard sizes allow you to transport a volume of firewood equal to 5 cubic meters. When loaded with a slide, the volume increases to 7m3.

Trailers rarely have sides that are extended. With a side height of 1 m, the volume is 9.2 m3. Having laid the dies with a slide, we get 11.2 cubes.

The updated version 2PTS-4.5 has different sizes. Height 620 mm, internal width 2230 mm, internal length 4090 mm. Its capacity is 5.65 cubic meters. Having stacked the firewood with a slide, it can accommodate 7.65 m3.

New carts have double sides already from the factory. Their height is 1200 mm. The remaining dimensions remain unchanged. The capacity is 10.7 cubic meters. When stacked with a slide, we get 12 cubic meters.

stacked, in bulk and in nets

How to count one cubic meter of firewood: stacked, in bulk and in grids

Surely every person who has ever ordered firewood has wondered whether the suppliers deceived him? How to determine exactly how much firewood was brought to you? Perhaps you have encountered a villager or an experienced forestry worker who, with one meaningful glance at a pile of firewood, said an almost correct result. In fact, there is nothing difficult in determining the volume of firewood, and this can be done either by eye, with the proper experience, or with high accuracy, using the calculation method. Let's take a closer look at this.

The first thing you need to pay attention to when preparing for the calculation is the type of stacking of firewood. Let's start with the most common - in bulk. In this case, the firewood is thrown into a body or a pile; at first glance, it is quite difficult to estimate the volume, because the logs are not packed tightly. First you need to calculate the total volume of brought firewood. For this purpose, it is necessary to measure the piled firewood. If you have a cone-shaped pile, then we will find out its diameter and height; if the firewood is in the back, we measure the length, height and width; it is better to first level the pile for more accurate calculations. Having calculated the volume, you should convert it into storage meters; for this we use coefficients. Usually the average is 0.7, since this number is used in further calculations, but if an accurate calculation is necessary, the normative document GOST 3243-88 should be used. It indicates exact coefficients that depend on the type of wood, its condition, length and thickness of the logs.

Now we know how many folded cubic meters were brought to us, but we ordered cubic meters, which means solid wood without gaps. On average, it is believed that one folded meter is equal to 0.7 cubic meters of solid wood. It is this coefficient that is used in most cases, although for accurate calculations, you should return to the conversion table set out in GOST 3243-88.

Another popular method of delivering firewood is in grids or stacked in rows. In this case, determining the number of cubic meters brought is quite easy. We don’t have to convert the bulk volume to the folded volume; the only thing that needs to be done is to measure the woodpile, calculate the volume, and then make calculations using the coefficient already known to you.

Read also: Onion Day in 2022

As you can see, there is nothing complicated in the calculations. To accurately determine the number of cubic meters, you just need to find out the volume of brought firewood, convert it into storage meters, and then, using the coefficient, find out the number of cubic meters.

And if you are interested in the weight of firewood, then after reading our article, you will know the many parameters that need to be taken into account when calculating the weight of wood: How much does firewood weigh?

We work without cheating! We always deliver the exact amount of firewood you ordered!

It’s very easy to order firewood in Moscow and the Moscow region!

Number of firewood in terms of load capacity

The old type tractor cart is capable of lifting 4 tons of cargo. According to the villagers, they transport 6 tons.

Knowing the average weight of various types of wood with natural moisture, you can calculate how many cubes are in a tractor trailer. Provided it is overloaded.

With overload, the tractor cart includes:

  • 10 cubes of birch wood;
  • 8 cubic meters of oak;
  • 11.2 cubic meters of aspen dies.

The calculation is made on the condition that the firewood is chopped and stacked in the body.

The new tractor cart marked 2PTS-4.5 has a load capacity of 4.5 tons. We do not have data on how much this model can be overloaded. But since the design has not changed radically, we will assume that it will withstand an overload of 2 tons.

The carrying capacity of the 2PTS-4.5 cart is close to the previous model. This trailer will accommodate 0.8 cubic meters more firewood.

  • Birch firewood can fit 10.8 m3;
  • Split alder fits 13.8 cubic meters;
  • Oak trees will fit 8.8 cubic meters;
  • There will be 12 cubic meters of aspen firewood.


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Oh, this firewood, you can say about it in the same way as Winnie the Pooh spoke about honey, in the sense that firewood is a very strange object: it was just there - and now it’s no longer there!
It seems like I just recently bought almost a mountain, and where is it? She took it and flew into the chimney! It seems that the stove in the house is not too power-hungry, and the bathhouse is not heated three times a week, but they still separated. And again you need to go with your neighbors to talk and study the advertisements on the fences: find out where they are offering at a lower price, and in more quantity.

Description of the cart

The 2PTS-4 trailer can be used in conjunction with any wheeled tractor with a traction class of 0.9 tf (T-40, LTZ-55, TTZ-80.10, VTZ-45AT) or 1.4 tf (YUMZ-6, Belarus-921, MTZ-50/52 , MTZ-80/82, LTZ-60AV), which is equipped with a pneumatic hydraulic system. Designed for driving on any type of hard-surfaced roads (asphalt, concrete, stone), as well as on country roads. The cargo that is allowed to be transported is agricultural, as well as bulk construction (except for cobblestones and rocks). The platform is quite spacious. It can recline on three sides at an angle of 50 degrees.

Specifications:

  • weight of the equipped trailer – up to 1750 kg;
  • maximum load capacity – 4000 kg;
  • maximum speed – 40 km/h;
  • overall dimensions (length/width/height) – 6250/2500/1800 mm;
  • height with additional (extension) sides – 2780 mm;
  • platform dimensions inside – 4080/2308/1600 mm;
  • platform lifting mechanism – telescopic, using a hydraulic cylinder;
  • suspension - leaf spring "all around".

Capacity 131

The next car is called ZIL 131. It is an all-terrain vehicle with all-wheel drive. It was intended for the army.

https://www.drovavoz.ru/drov-v-zile.html - link

"Gazelle"
Length: 2.8-3.2 m (extended options up to 4.5 m exist) Width: 1.8 - 1.9 m Height: 1.7 - 2 m Volume: 9-11 m3 Load capacity: 1.5 - 1.7 tonsBased on their main consumer qualities (tonnage, volume, overall dimensions), various models of domestic and imported trucks can be classified as Gazelle class vehicles. The cargo compartments of these vehicles may differ slightly in overall dimensions and, accordingly, volumes.
Cars of this class are actively used on intracity and intercity routes of short and medium range (500-700 km). Technical characteristics allow us to guarantee a fairly high average speed (up to 100 km/h) and the cabin layout provides space for one or two passengers (forwarders).

The tilt version of the cargo compartment suggests the ability to open the cargo compartment and get an open cargo compartment. The car can be equipped with fastening belts and other additional equipment (elevator, hard sides).

"ZIL-Bychok"
Length: 3.7 m Width: 2.1 m Height: 2.2 m Volume: 17 m3 Load capacity: 3.5 tonsBased on their main consumer qualities (tonnage, volume, overall dimensions), various models of domestic and imported trucks can be classified as ZIL-Bychok class vehicles. The cargo compartments of these vehicles may differ slightly in overall dimensions and, accordingly, volumes. Cars of this class are actively used on intracity and intercity routes of short and medium range (500-700 km). Technical characteristics allow us to guarantee a fairly high average speed (up to 80 km/h); a small axle load allows this vehicle to drive unhindered in areas with restrictions on the entry of freight vehicles
"ZIL"
Length: 3.5 - 4 m Width: 2-2.3 m Height: 2.45 m Volume: 14-21 m3 Load capacity: 5 tonsBased on their main consumer qualities (tonnage, volume, overall dimensions), various models of domestic and imported trucks can be classified as ZIL class vehicles. The cargo compartments of these vehicles may differ slightly in overall dimensions and, accordingly, volumes. Cars of this class are actively used on intracity and intercity routes of short and medium range (500-700 km). Often used for transporting personal belongings and moving.

Where to buy a trailer and its cost

There is not the slightest problem with purchasing a trailer now. You can buy either a new or used unit, depending on the budget allocated for such a transaction.

New

In Russia, trailers of this type are produced by several enterprises at once. Including:

  • LLC "Repair and Mechanical Plant" (Velikie Luki, Pskov region);
  • JSC "MordovAgroMash" (Saransk, Republic of Mordovia);

Trailers from Belarus are actively offered on our market, namely those manufactured (Bobruisk, Mogilev region).

The retail price for such a product on average ranges from 220 to 350 thousand rubles, depending on the manufacturer, modification, configuration, “appetites” of the final seller and other important factors. There are a lot of offers for sale; dealer companies are located throughout our country.

Second-hand

There are now quite a few advertisements for the sale of used 2PTS-4 trailers throughout Russia, since trailers of this type have been produced for many years and are widespread throughout the post-Soviet space. You can buy a trailer 2 PTS 4 used for only 15 thousand rubles. This is the minimum and more than modest price for which a very middle-aged cart without documents is being offered, which has been repeatedly subjected to various kinds of serious repairs and modifications.

Birch wood price

How much does a cube of firewood cost? The answer to the question is ambiguous. It all depends on the moisture content of the wood, the region of residence, the volume of the order and other factors that influence the setting of the price. Chopped firewood is more expensive than logs made from this tree. To save money, you can split the logs yourself. This requires a minimum of equipment.

A deck and an ax are the main tools. But it’s better to pierce on the ground, since there is less stress on the hands, since the shock absorption from the impact of the cleaver goes into the ground. Also, this type of splitting is convenient for people with short stature.

On average, in the Russian Federation, the price for 1 cubic meter of birch firewood is 1000 rubles. Split logs, unlike logs, are 100 rubles more expensive. In the Moscow region, for example, 1 cube of birch costs 1,500 rubles; in the Leningrad region, the price per cube of pine is only 400 rubles. So, a car of birch firewood costs approximately 6,000 rubles.

How much does a birch machine cost? The number of firewood in the machine is determined by its carrying capacity and is measured in tons. How many tons of wood are in the car? It all depends on the make of the car. One ton is equal to 1.56 cubic meters of wood. If the logs are chopped, then 1.56 needs to be multiplied by 0.82, as described above. The carrying capacity of the GAZelle is 1.5 tons, the ZIL is 6 tons, and the KamAZ is 20. To determine the price of a birch car, you need to multiply the main indicators.

Tips for choosing

When it comes to new trailers, it’s worth paying attention to the overall quality of workmanship. Some manufacturers use low-quality paints, so even on a new product it can sometimes crumble. Instead of normal operation, you will have to invest money and time in repainting. In addition, if the wiring to the lights is laid carelessly (and this happens quite often), then in winter it will rot.

When purchasing a used trailer, you need to carefully inspect the frame. If you constantly drive with an overload (and this happens all the time), a deflection or even a crack may form on it. A used frame (if you can’t weld the existing one) will cost 10 thousand rubles. Also require attention when choosing a trailer and sides made of boards or metal. Wooden ones may already be rotten, and steel ones may be subject to corrosion.

It is worth paying attention to the documents , which must be in perfect order. The cheapest used trailers do not have them at all (hence the price at the bottom of the market). Under certain circumstances, such a cart can even be registered, but this procedure is not very simple. Some even drive “as is,” although this risks a fine, as well as having the trailer delivered to a special parking lot. You can buy documents for the 2PTS4 trailer and separately from the cart itself - for about 15 thousand rubles.

Saransk dump truck plant

The Saransk plant has been operating since 1960, since August. By the end of the first year of its existence, the company had assembled about 10 thousand dump trucks. The plant constantly exceeded the plan and was in good standing, and by 1965 it had already produced its 100,000th dump truck. In the first years, the GAZ-SAZ 53B model rolled off the assembly line; in parallel, the SAZ 3502 model was produced with one-sided unloading of the body and its preliminary lifting. By November 1978, the company had already assembled half a million cars.

Design nuances

The design of a tractor trailer is quite simple. It consists of:

  • chassis and wheels;
  • frames;
  • flatbed body;
  • mechanism responsible for lifting;
  • trailer hitch.

Due to the simplicity of the design, care, maintenance and repair are greatly simplified.

Transport devices with different designs also differ in the design of the chassis:

  • trailers. This is how multi-axle transport devices that can be combined with traction tractors are classified. Technical characteristics assume uniform distribution of weight on their own chassis;
  • semi-trailers. There are single- and multi-axial ones. The weight of such structures is distributed between the chassis of the tractor and their wheels. They are aggregated with basic equipment, on the frame of which there are special coupling devices - saddles.

Interesting: in addition to the design, tractor trailers and semi-trailers differ in the complexity of control. The first ones are more labor-intensive. They are characterized by increased stability and can move both forward and backward (with the help of applied force).

Differences in functionality

According to this criterion, types of tractor trailers are divided into:

The former are more common. Tractor single-axle dump trailer is widely used to solve problems of transporting various semi-liquid and bulk cargo. The latter are characterized by large dimensions. A two-axle tractor trailer is used for transporting bulk materials and heavy loads in large volumes.

The devices also differ according to the type of tow hitch. The equipment is divided into 2 types:

  1. In models of the first type, the tipping operation occurs independently. They work on the principle of a dump truck.
  2. In designs of the second type, unloading is performed forcibly. The use of additional mechanical devices is required.

Brief overview of popular models

The classification of tractor trailers would be incomplete without mentioning the most common brands:

  1. 2-PTS-4. Equipped with a loading platform and a tilting hydraulic lift. This model is a dump truck, used for transporting various cargoes: agricultural, bulk. Can be used on roads of any quality. Dimensions: 4.08 x 2.308 x 1.6 m. Weight 2-PTS-4 is 1.75 tons, can transport cargo weighing up to 4 tons and reach a speed of about 40 km/h. This is a common and easy to repair model. Spare parts for tractor trailer 2 PTS 4 are available for free sale; you can order them on the website with delivery to the regions.
  2. 2-PTS-6. This is a dump trailer that is adapted for use in any climate except mountainous regions. The 2-PTS-6 is used for transporting various cargoes (up to 6 tons or up to 1.8 m3 of volume). This model is equipped with pneumatic brakes; additionally, it can be equipped with extension sides. The maximum speed is up to 25 km/h, and can be combined with special equipment of class 1.4. Dimensions: 6.1 x 2.4 x 1.9 m, weight – 2.35 tons.
  3. 1-PTS-1. This is a semi-trailer with a hydraulic tipper for mini tractors. These transport devices are designed for transporting goods in public utilities or farming. The length of the semi-trailer is only 1.8 m, width – 1.2 m. Load capacity – 1 ton.
  4. 1-PTS-9. This is a two-axle trailer model equipped with a cargo platform. Also, 1-PTS-9 is equipped with brakes that operate from the tractor’s pneumatic system. Its suspension is on semi-elliptical springs. This model is used for transporting solid or bulk materials (load capacity up to 9 tons). Can reach speeds of up to 30 km/h. Dimensions: 7.5 x 2.5 x 2.1 m.
  5. PPTS-5. This is a tipper agricultural tractor semi-trailer for transporting various products: root crops, grass, hay (up to 5 tons). Also used when transporting building materials. PPTS-5 is designed for driving on different types of roads: unpaved, general purpose. Equipped with brakes and electrical equipment that are connected to the network of special equipment. Body volume 5.6 m3. It is aggregated with tractors whose towing class is 1.4–2 tons. The weight of the semi-trailer is 1.83 tons, dimensions are 5.65 x 2.8 x 1.93 m.
  6. PST-6. These are tipper single-axle semi-trailers for cargo (bulk, piece) and semi-liquid substances (up to 6 tons). It is aggregated with tractors of class 1.4. Weight – 1.75, dimensions: 5 x 2.4 x 2 m. Can reach speeds of up to 25 km/h. In PTS-6, the body rises by 87° using hydraulic lifts powered by the hydraulics of the special equipment chassis.
  7. OZTP-8572. This is a special trailer with a three-axle design. It is designed for operation with tractors of classes 3 and 5. Designed for transporting goods (no more than 13 tons) on various roads, reaches speeds of up to 30.5 km/h. Weight – 6.44 t, ground clearance – 0.32 m. Dimensions: height 9.99 m, width 2.5 m, loading height – 3.2 m. OZTP-8572 is equipped with two platforms and hydraulics for tipping.
  8. PSTB-17. Designed to work with class 5 tractors. The design is triaxial. Used for transportation of agricultural products, building materials (up to 17 tons, volume - no more than 20.5 m3). Can reach speeds of up to 25 km/h. Weight - 6.3 tons, dimensions: 10 x 2.5 x 2.75 m. A characteristic feature of the PSTB-17 is the improved maneuverability of the chassis, the design of which includes a front axle. It, in turn, is equipped with a rotating device and is connected to the tractor.

The listed models do not fully reflect the variety of tractor trailers. They come in different load capacities and dimensions, and can be used both in private farms and in agricultural firms, utilities or the transport industry. You can select a device for different types and sizes of cargo. However, in any case, to ensure full and trouble-free operation, it is important to select a trailer for operating conditions, as well as to ensure timely maintenance and repair.

Cubic meters - not liters

What's the most important thing about firewood? The main thing, of course, is quality: dry birch is best, wet aspen is worst. But quantity also matters, and what a difference! How do you define it? After all, cubic meters are not liters. You order five cubes of coarsely chopped firewood, they deliver it, and the machine dumps them in a pile. and the neighbors immediately show up.

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- Well, Vasya, tell me, what do you think, are there five cubes here, or did they cheat?

Vasya reaches into the back of his head with his fingers and wrinkles his forehead. raises his eyes to heaven and, after a pause, says firmly:

-What five, there won’t even be four here!

But then Kolya comes up, also squints at the pile and says:

- And I say there is, I have a spirit level eye, just like in a pharmacy, five cubes, and maybe more.

This is where the commentary, without clarifying the question, usually ends. Tell me, hand on heart, what summer resident is not familiar with such a picture of fortune-telling on the wood?

But in fact, there are other, much more reliable ways to check whether you were cheated when buying firewood or not.

Tractor semi-trailer: application and types of design

Depending on their functional purpose, tractor trailers are produced in different formats and configurations. Moreover, each exhibit has its own PTS (vehicle passport), so before you buy this or that model, it’s a good idea to inquire about its technical characteristics.

For example, a universal model called a tractor dump semi-trailer has an onboard platform. Increasing the sides makes it possible to use such devices when transporting agricultural products or building materials.

The effect of humidity on the weight of wood

The weight of wood does not always have the same value. What does it depend on? First of all, from the moisture content of the wood. If we compare, for example, oak and birch, it turns out that a cubic meter of oak weighs 700 kg, and a birch weighs 600 kg. But it could be different. Weighing a cubic meter of birch, we get 900 kg, and oak will show the same 700. Or in both cases it will be 700 kg. Why do we get such different numbers? In this case, the moisture content of the wood plays a role.

There are four degrees of humidity: dry (10-18%), air-dry (19-23%), damp (24-45%) and wet (above 45%). Thus, it turns out that different rocks with the same humidity have different weights, as in the first example above. If the humidity is not the same, then the weight may fluctuate in one direction or another. The standard humidity is 12%.

Application

In agriculture, a tractor tipper semi-trailer can transport:

  • all types of fertilizers;
  • containers with liquids;
  • bulk substances.

Specialized tractor dump semi-trailers are sometimes extremely necessary. However, narrow specialization turns a narrow-profile unit into a complex and expensive product. It is not always economically rational to use such mechanisms.

The following are also considered specialized equipment:

  • trailers for transporting agricultural equipment (tractors, combines);
  • transportation of cattle.

Trailers have rotating devices, so the issue of unloading bulk products in this case is easier to solve. Such designs are easier to work with, they are more functional and reliable. Trailers with swivel mechanisms are often found in mountainous areas where high stability is required.

Constructions

Tractor dump semi-trailer is differentiated into the following types:

  • standard semi-trailer;
  • full-fledged models;
  • semi-mounted representatives.

The design of the trailer is made in such a way that the weight of the transported material is evenly distributed over two axles and a hydraulic hook. In tractor devices, the main load falls on the hydraulic trailer hook and the axle, which is located at the rear.

In semi-mounted equipment, the load is evenly distributed on the axle and the hydraulic trailer hook of the unit. One of the main advantages of these models is also that they connect to each other. Thus, it is possible to configure the device at your discretion.

Road trains in which several elements are involved. Most often in agriculture you can see harvesting machines that work in conjunction with loading trailers.

Main modifications

The most popular representatives of towed devices are the following:

  1. Tractor trailer 2 PTS 4 is equipped with a loading platform. There are hydraulic lifts that tilt in three directions. Specially designed for transporting bulk or solid loads other than cobblestones or rock formations.
  2. Tractor trailer with index 2 PTS 2 and model 4 5. Special equipment is suitable for driving in field conditions, and is also intended for all types of roads. Extension sides are all-metal or mesh.
  3. Tipper tractor semi-trailer with the name pst 6. Suitable for transporting construction materials, root crops, grain, fertilizers, and other goods. The unit is distinguished by a rear beveled side and two side hydraulic cylinders, which guarantee quick loading and unloading, since the fall height is no more than 20 cm.

Technical characteristics 2 PTS-4

The body length is 6.3 meters and the width is 2.57.

It should be noted that the high metal sides have stiffening ribs. These mechanisms are designed for tractors that have hydraulic pneumatic systems. The weight of the cargo reaches five tons. Special equipment has the following types of units:

  • welded frame;
  • swivel mechanism;
  • axles with suspensions;
  • platform tipping hydraulic unit;
  • brake block.

If a tractor dump semi-trailer receives the heaviest load on the frame, then the following forces are at work:

  • static loads;
  • dynamic loads;
  • twisting forces.

A mechanical impulse occurs during movement or braking. In semi-trailers, the frames are reliable relative to twisting forces. Some elements (tanks, grain bodies) take on part of the large loads, thereby slightly reducing the load on the frame.

Vibrators also provide great assistance in unloading tractor trailers, as they effectively “shake” the contents of the body.

What's the best way to chop wood?

The hardness of the deck depends on the type of wood and its storage conditions. A cleaver is used to prepare logs, since it is only possible to properly chop firewood with a special blunt ax. It ensures that the wood splits without getting stuck in it. A well-sharpened ax is also used, but it will get stuck in the block, slowing down the work. And in order to knock down knots and chop wood chips, you will need an ax.

Both tools are selected subject to the following conditions:

  • the metal must be well-hardened (checked by the sound when you click on it: it should be ringing);
  • It is better to choose a wooden ax handle; this will allow it to be wedged correctly and increase the safety of the tool;
  • The cleaver and ax should feel comfortable when swung with one and/or two hands.

A metal or plastic ax handle can crack at the most inopportune moment

This is especially important for a beginner, since chopping wood correctly means not only being able to work with an axe, but also providing yourself with a safe tool. You can make an ax handle yourself, and the best wood for this is birch

It should be noted that modern people do not necessarily spend a lot of energy preparing logs. You can buy them ready-made, but you can also do it yourself without significant physical costs. There is a special technique for this:

  • gasoline wood splitter,
  • electric wood splitter

Expensive equipment is purchased if a large number of logs are required. You can prepare them for a fireplace or stove yourself if you learn how to chop wood and how to do it correctly. So, the ax and cleaver have been purchased, all that remains is to learn how to divide logs into quarters, logs, and logs.

How to chop logs correctly?

You can grab the ax handle with one or two hands, and chop with a cut through the entire block of wood at once, or chop it and lift it up together with the ax. Then split it on the deck as it lowers. For the base, prepare a deck in advance: take the widest block of wood and place it vertically on level ground. The place where firewood is collected must be sunny and the weather must be dry. Wind at low humidity will not hurt; on the contrary, it will help dry the logs faster.

So, you raise your hands with the ax up. This is not entirely correct, as it leads to rapid fatigue. It is better to lift the ax along the body. This will not be difficult, since the force of gravity, moving during work, swings the body. The block of wood is installed vertically with the knots down and they try to hit the cleaver in the middle. Thus, it splits in two.

Then it is divided into 2 more parts, if width allows. You can do it differently: immediately chop off the logs from the edge of the log if it is too large in diameter. Firewood is stored under a canopy so that precipitation does not absorb into it and impair the quality of combustion.

Semi-trailers

This type of transport is connected to the tractor using a saddle assembly and a device called a “hydraulic hook”. These elements can effectively improve traction and grip characteristics.

Such semi-trailers stand out for their excellent dynamics and maneuverability. They weigh a third less than a standard tow hitch and are easier to use. A tractor with a semi-trailer has great advantages over a full-fledged heavy trailer.

It is also possible to attach several more of the same mechanisms to the semi-trailer. For example, PST-12 (12 dump semi-trailer) is one of the best mechanisms of this class. It is capable of carrying twelve tons of cargo. Body volume reaches more than 14.6 cubic meters. The unit is used in field work. Works with 2.0 TC tractors.

Additionally, the design is equipped with a screw element, which mechanizes the filling and unloading of bulk products.

Performance characteristics of 12 PST

  • Weight 1.51 tons;
  • Semi-trailer weight 323 kg;
  • Tractor power 14-42 hp;
  • Dimensions (if you consider the drawbar in the lowered form) (LxWxH) 3247x1552x1224 mm;
  • Body size inside: 1912x1472x310 mm;
  • The height of the sides without extensions is 305 mm;
  • The side can be increased up to 524mm;
  • Can be driven by a hydraulic system;
  • Elevation angle 56 degrees;
  • Ground clearance 314 mm;
  • Axles 1 pc.;
  • The suspension is hard;
  • Parameters of the coupling loop DxS 32x34 mm;
  • Speed ​​up to 26 km/h;
  • Minimum operating pressure in the hydraulic system, MPa 1.11;
  • Maximum operating pressure in the hydraulic system, MPa 2.1.

The following are the characteristics of 2 PTS 4 5

Heat transfer from wood

In addition, there is another indicator - heat transfer. It will come to the aid of those who use wood as firewood for heating. The higher the hardness, i.e. The density of the wood species, the higher its calorific value. Of course, no one will heat a room with boxwood, but when choosing between linden and pine or birch and acacia, you can get much more heat if you know which of these species is the hardest. Information about the density of each tree can be gleaned from the tables, since all this information is systematized for ease of use.

Weight of a dense cubic meter, kg

BreedHumidity, %
1015202530405060708090100
Beech670680690710720780830890950100010601110
Spruce440450460470490520560600640670710750
Larch66067069070071077082088093099010401100
Aspen490500510530540580620660710750790830
Birch:
- fluffy63064065067068073079084089094010001050
- ribbed680690700720730790850900960102010701130
- Daurian7207307407607808409009601020108011401190
- iron960980100010201040112012001280
Oak:
- petiolate680700720740760820870930990105011101160
- eastern6907107307507708308809401000106011201180
— Georgian77079081083085092098010501120118012501310
- Araksinian790810830850870940101010801150121012801350
Pine:
- cedar430440450460480410550580620660700730
- Siberian430440450460480410550580620660700730
- ordinary500510520540550590640680720760810850
Fir:
- Siberian370380390400410440470510540570600630
- white-haired390400410420430470500530570600630660
- whole leaf390400410420430470500530570600630660
- white420430440450460500540570610640680710
- Caucasian430440450460480510550580620660700730
Ash:
- Manchurian64066068069071077082088093099010401100
- ordinary670690710730740800860920980103010901150
- acute-fruited790810830850870940101010801150121012801350

The table shows average mass values. Possible maximum and minimum mass values ​​are 1.3 and 0.7, respectively, from its average value

Semi-mounted devices

A semi-mounted trailer is the same two or three-axle mechanism. The mass here transfers from the front axle to the hydraulic hook and chassis. Thus, the coefficient of adhesion with the tractor increases , and the overall load capacity increases.

Freight road trains significantly increase productivity and can replace several dump trucks. Moreover, performance is limited by the permissible maximum axle loads.

The connection point of the frame itself is pushed forward. The weight is distributed between the cart and the tractor. This helps to increase grip and traction capabilities. When compared with a trailer, a semi-trailer has a carrying capacity that is on average one third higher.

How much does a 2pts 9 trailer weigh?

Tractor dump trailer 2PTS-9

Trailer load capacity, kg9000
Curb weight, kg, no more3800
Total vehicle weight, kg, no more12800
Distribution of total weight, kg - per trolley - per fifth wheel coupling12600 200
Body dimensions, mm5500*2450

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