New YaMZ turbodiesels: envy, Europe (6 photos)

The YaMZ 658 diesel engine became the first Russian unit that meets the requirements of EVRO-3 in terms of technical parameters. The first presentation of this model took place at the international auto exhibition in Moscow, where the engine was installed on a MAZ 5440 truck. This series of power plants is the Yaroslavl Motor Plant’s own development, and is currently rightfully considered one of the most advanced and promising engines of domestic production.

Specifications

The technical characteristics of the YaMZ-658 engine have not changed over the entire period of production and modernization. Of course, the engine was improved according to the latest developments and innovations, but there were very few design changes. Let's consider the main characteristics of the power unit:

MAZ with engine 658 from YaMZ.

It is worth noting that all 658 series engines are equipped with a mechanical high pressure fuel pump. Each cylinder has its own pump section to ensure even combustion. The injection pump is located between the rows of cylinders, on the camber of the engine.

By the time of the transition to the Euro-3 environmental standard, the Avtodiesel company released a more modern modification of the V8 engine. This diesel engine was created on the basis of the YaMZ-7511 and is equipped with the same V8 block with a camber angle of 90° and with wet liners. The sleeve protrusion above the block surface is 1.6 mm. Inside the block there is a crankshaft from 7511. Aluminum pistons with a diameter of 130 mm, a height of 85 mm, and a pin diameter of 52 mm are used here. They are slightly modified and have their own rings. The piston pins are still old.

Two 8-valve heads from 7511 are installed on top of the block. The valves are still adjusted in the same way - after 1000 hours of engine operation. The gaps are the same - 0.25-0.3 mm. All modifications of the 658 are equipped with a TKR-100 turbocharger. On Euro-3 versions there is a YAZDA 179 electronic pump and 267-21 injectors, and the engine is controlled by the Abit M230.E3 ECU. This engine is sometimes called YaMZ-238 Euro 3. Modifications 6585 and 6586 are equipped with Common rail and meet the 96-02 and Euro 4 standards, respectively. The Abit M240 control unit is used here.

This engine has an identical model with fewer cylinders - YaMZ-656.

The 658 family is still in production, but they are being replaced by in-line YaMZ-650.

Motor modifications

The YaMZ 658 internal combustion engine has received quite a lot of modifications and is used in the automotive range. So, according to the technical documentation of the manufacturer, let’s consider what model range and modifications the G8 engine has:

• YaMZ-6581 - 400 hp model. at 1900 rpm, torque 1766 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm. There is a pump 179-10 here. Its environmental class is Euro-3.

This diesel engine is found on MAZ-5516, 6303, 6312, 6422 and 6501; KrAZ T17.0EX.

• YaMZ-6582 - modification with fuel injection pump 179-20 (on models 6582.10, -01, -06 and -07) or 179-40 (on all others). This engine shows 330 hp. at 1900 rpm and torque 1274 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm.

Suitable for MAZ-5336, 5516, 6303, 6312, 6422.

• YaMZ-6583 is another version, this time with a 179-30 pump. Its power is 360 hp. at 1900 rpm, torque 1569 Nm at 1100-1300 rpm.
• YaMZ-6585 is a version created for the 4th environmental class (standards 96-02). Here, Common rail is used with a YAZDA 47.5 pump (injection pressure 1600 bar), as well as an Abit M240 ECU. Boost pressure 1.5 bar, power 420 hp. at 1900 rpm, torque 1766 Nm at 1100-1500 rpm.
• Suitable for MZKT-69221, K-744, MAZ-6425, 6517 and other vehicles.
• YaMZ-65851 - analogous to 6585, but tuned to 400 hp. at boost 1.45 bar.
• YaMZ-65852 is another version tuned to 330 hp. at 1900 rpm, torque 1275 Nm at 1100-1500 rpm. The boost pressure is reduced to 1.4 bar. It is installed on Palesse 2U250A and Palesse GS10.

YaMZ-65853 is an analogue of 65852, but the torque is 1521 Nm at 1100-1500 rpm. Boost 1.4 bar.

Installed on MAZ-5316, Palesse FS6028C, Palesse GS12.

• YaMZ-65854 - motor for Kirovets K-744. Its output is 300 hp. at 1900 rpm, and the torque is 1373 Nm at 1100-1500 rpm. Boost pressure - 1.2 bar.
• YaMZ-65855 - tractor engine from K-744 with 1.4 bar supercharging. Power 350 hp at 1900 rpm, torque 1570 Nm at 1100-1500 rpm.
• YaMZ-65857 - version for Kirovets K-744 with 390 hp. at 1900 rpm, torque 1864 Nm at 1100-1500 rpm. The boost has not changed - 1.4 bar.
• YaMZ-6586 is an analogue of 6585, where the injection pressure was increased to 1800 bar, an SCR catalyst was installed and the engine began to comply with the Euro-4 class. The characteristics remain unchanged. YaMZ-65861 - version 65852 for Euro-4.
• YaMZ-65862 is the same 65853 that meets Euro-4 standards.
• YaMZ-6587 is a modification of 6586 for Euro-5, where the injection pressure is 1600 bar and there is a different turbine. The technical specifications are similar.

Characteristics of YaMZ-658

Power unit maintenance

The YaMZ-658 engine does not have significant differences from its counterparts. Engine maintenance is carried out every 20-25 thousand kilometers. Scheduled maintenance of an internal combustion engine is a set of operations aimed at preserving the primary condition of the components and parts of the unit. According to the repair and operation manual for the YaMZ engine compiled by the manufacturer, we will consider what operations are included in the maintenance of the G8:

• Change of oil.
• Adjusting the valve mechanism.
• Replacing filters. So, depending on the engine modification, the following filter elements may or may not be present: a fine and coarse oil filter, a filter element for coarse and fine fuel purification, an air filter, an eco-filter for exhaust.
• Cleaning the injectors.
• Adjustments related to the high pressure fuel pump.
• Other operations aimed at maintaining the power unit.

Servicing a high-pressure fuel pump is a separate set of operations that can only be done efficiently by specialists in the repair of fuel equipment for diesel engines.

Possible malfunctions and their elimination

Despite the high build quality, as well as excellent reliability, the engines of this model periodically require repairs. There are several malfunctions characteristic of the YaMZ 236:

• the power unit does not start;
• during operation it is not possible to develop the required power, smoke is observed;
• extraneous noise and knocking during operation;
• increase in temperature in the cooling system.

Most repair work is recommended to be performed in a car service center, since special equipment will be required to disassemble the product. If the power unit cannot be started, the problem most often lies in the poor performance of the starter or the presence of contaminants or air in the fuel system. The breakdown can be eliminated by cleaning the system and checking the connection between the starter and the battery.

In cases where the engine smokes during operation and does not develop the required power, the filter elements or fuel system are clogged. Often there is an incorrect valve clearance of the YaMZ 236 turbo, which will need to be set in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

A knocking sound in the engine can be caused by early fuel injection or an incorrectly adjusted valve. The solution may be to correctly set the advance angle, as well as thermal clearances.

If an increase in temperature in the cooling system is detected, you will need to check the serviceability of the thermometer and, if necessary, replace it. It may also be necessary to tighten or replace the water pump belt, due to a malfunction of which the system does not maintain proper circulation.

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Design features

In terms of its general parameters, the YaMZ 658 is a modernized continuation of the YaMZ 238DE version, which can be seen in the common cylinder heads. However, the new model has undergone quite a serious modification, which allowed the designers to implement a number of rather bold technical solutions that had a positive impact on performance and other operational properties. For example, unusually located stiffening ribs appeared here, the piston part, liners and heads were completely changed. By the way, a separate arrangement of cylinder heads was previously used on YaMZ 7511 and 7601 diesel units.

Fuel equipment deserves special consideration. Initially, the main elements were supplied by the German company Bosch. This is an integrated system where the fuel injection pump and the electronic control module are assembled into a single unit. An individual fuel supply pump was provided for each cylinder. In subsequent modifications, these elements were replaced by equipment developed by YAZDA - Yaroslavl Diesel Equipment Plant. In particular, engines began to be equipped with ESU-1 control systems, and the Compact-40 fuel injection pump appeared. The only thing that remains common is the concept, which gives the power units the following advantages:

• Accurate dosage of fuel at all stages of the operating cycle.
• Injection adjustment depending on temperature, load and speed.
• Correct start regardless of operating conditions.
• Compatible with other electronic vehicle control systems.
• Electrical wiring is now packaged in flexible corrugated hoses, which almost completely eliminates mechanical damage.
• High environmental safety indicators are ensured by a closed crankcase ventilation system. The engine design allows for the installation of air coolers; a damper is installed as standard for emergency stop of the unit.

Engine repair: basic description

Repairing the YaMZ 658 engine is a whole range of operations to restore the performance of the engine, which is not recommended to be done with your own hands. So, it’s worth turning to professionals who can correctly diagnose faults and wear, as well as which internal element needs to be replaced. Let's consider the main set of operations that are carried out for the YaMZ 658 motor in order to carry out a major overhaul of the motor:

• Superficial diagnostics of faults is carried out by ear. The mechanic determines the presence of extraneous noise, as well as the preliminary location.
• Removing the engine from the car, as well as completely disassembling the power unit.

Measurements of cylinders and crankshaft. Determining the repair number, as well as ordering spare parts. As practice shows, in most cases, in order not to bore the engine cylinders, the block is sleeved. This parameter allows, in case of subsequent repairs, to bore not the block, but the sleeves, which, when worn, can be removed and new ones inserted.

• Cylinder head repair.
• Assembly of the power unit.
• A separate parameter is the restoration of the injection pump. As practice shows, the technician repairs only the plunger pair, which wears out most often.

As for on-line repair operations, every owner of a car with a YaMZ engine has sufficient skills and knowledge to restore their engine themselves, the main thing is that the hand grows from the right place. The most common problems include:

• Starter and generator malfunction.
• Failure of the water pump.
• Replacing drive belts.
• Adjusting the valve mechanism.
• Change of oil.
• Replacing engine filters.

Repair instructions for each unit are available on the Internet or you can use factory books that are publicly available.

Engine Description

Wanting to find out when adjustment of the YaMZ 236 Turbo valves is required, it is necessary to study its features in more detail. The development of such an engine model began in the 50-60s of the last century, when YaMZ engineers set the task of developing a universal diesel unit. It was to be used not only in cars and tractor equipment, but also in many other units.

The 236 YaMZ engine, being manufactured on the basis of the YaAZ 206 and 204 models, became a revolutionary model for the plant, as it combined several important advantages:

• high efficiency, allowing it to be used even for heavy equipment;
• efficiency, due to which it is possible to significantly reduce operating costs;
• excellent maintainability, long service life.

The engine is widely used in various technologies.
Despite the fact that such a power unit is significantly inferior to more modern analogues, it is still used in various types of transport. In terms of its performance indicators, it corresponds to modern Chinese-made engines.

The unit is a four-stroke diesel engine equipped with turbocharging as standard. It has 6 cylinders with a v-shaped arrangement and is characterized by a high degree of reliability. It was used as an engine for heavy-duty vehicles, for example, MAZ, Ural vehicles, tractors and specialized equipment.

Modifications

When planning to find out where the YaMZ 236 engine number is located, it should be noted that there are many modifications of a similar unit that differ significantly in their technical parameters. They all have the same number of cylinders, valves, and displacement, but the power ratings and revolutions vary significantly.

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Some of the modifications are equipped with turbocharging, while others are supplied without it. When studying the scope of application of such devices, it should be remembered that they were widely used as compressor stations, diesel engines for various ships, and other equipment.

The total number of YaMZ modifications with turbocharging reaches 54, and without it - 35, this made it possible to use the unit in various types of transport.

Conclusion

The YaMZ 658 engine is considered a legend of the domestic automotive industry. For more than half a century of production, the power unit has proven itself to be reliable and easy to repair. For these qualities, he was loved by motorists.

It is worth noting that YaMZs, both 658 and other power units of this brand, were often exported in large quantities. For example, China orders engines of this series for its heavy-duty trucks, since only BELAZ and Caterpillar can compete with YaMZ, but they are much more expensive than their domestic counterpart.