Bulldozer T-100 - technical characteristics of the tractor

The T-100 tractor has long been out of production, but still works in various fields. The machine is used on construction sites and mining, in agriculture and industry. With a low maximum speed, it has an impressive pulling force. The T-100 bulldozer is an example of reliability and a man-made monument of Soviet mechanical engineering. The tractor proved itself to be excellent during the Soviet era:

on virgin soil;
on the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline;
while working in the Far North;
in conditions of sandstorms in Central Asia.

Scope of application of the tractor

The Sotka tractor is the brainchild of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant. Over its long history, this company has produced a lot of excellent equipment. The T-100 is no exception. The heavy tracked vehicle was designed like a bulldozer with a rope-controlled blade. The tractor was used in construction and industry. Later it was modified and began to be used with a whole range of attachments. This opened up wide opportunities for the use of the T-100 tractor in agriculture and the mining industry.

Tractor T-100

ChTZ T-100: history of creation

The predecessor of the T-100 tractor, as indicated earlier, is the S-100 model. That is why the initial name was supposed to be the abbreviation C-100M. It is deciphered quite simply - “Stalinist Modernized”. But due to historical reasons and the policy of the USSR at that time, it was renamed T-100M.

There is a transitional model between the old and new “weaving”. It was designated T-108. Official documents indicate that this tractor was produced in the period 1962-1965. In reality, it was not released. In fact, T-108 is the name of an experimental modification labeled 100M.

The very first tractor labeled T-100 (colloquially - weaving) was assembled on 10/09/63.

A few years later, in 1968, the tractor was awarded an honorary award at an exhibition of agricultural machinery. At the moment, there are more than two dozen different modifications of the tractor of this type. Modifications were developed for a number of different reasons. First of all, this is precisely the need to expand the range of tasks solved using a crawler tractor of this traction class.

The S-100 tractor is the predecessor of the T-100. Currently they can be found in the museum

The very first T-100 tractors were produced without hydraulic equipment. Which significantly complicated the process of use and management.

Bulldozer device

The T-100 tractor has a classic bulldozer assembly. Its engine is located at the front of the car. This engine arrangement is considered classic. Moreover, most of the mass falls on the front part of the tractor, and the cooling system is simpler. The transmission is also located in the front.

The T-100 was equipped with the D-108 engine. This four-cylinder engine had an integral combustion chamber, a vertical cylinder arrangement and a gear fuel pump with a centrifugal regulator.

Motor part

The tractor engine is known under the symbol D-108. It is equipped with four cylinders, the same number of power strokes and weighs over two tons. The working chamber, where the fuel-air mixture is mixed, is located in the bottom of the piston. The unit is equipped with oil scraper and compression rings; the cylinder head has injectors with bronze bushings. The upgraded version has five spray holes and the oil filter is equipped with a centrifuge.

By and large, the Sotka tractor became the first industrial unit to be equipped with a starting motor. In winter, the P-23 installation with an electric starter helped activate the engine. Another advantage in terms of the power plant is a vacuum device that operates from the energy of exhaust exhaust. With its help, it was possible to refuel tanks located below the level of the fuel tank.

Specifications

At the time of its creation, the technical characteristics of the T-100 were considered outstanding. They allowed the machine to work in the most difficult conditions.

Characteristic
Total weight	11 t
Length of track support surface	2.3 m
Ground clearance	331 mm
Specific pressure on soil	0.47 kg/cm²
Traction force	10 t
Engine	diesel
Suspension	tough
Cabin location	rear
Engine power	108 l. With.
Generator	200 W
Mains voltage	12B
Headlights	4 things.
Speed	3–10 km/h

Dimensions of the T-100 tractor

Modifications

A number of modifications were produced based on the T-100M tractor:

Swamp version of the T-100MB, equipped with a D-108B engine. The layout of the engine compartment has been changed, a 4-speed gearbox is used. Speed ratios have been reduced to increase traction. The chassis has undergone changes to increase the supporting surface, the link width has been increased to 970 mm. A different suspension was used; instead of small springs, coil springs were mounted.
The T-100МГП variant is an industrial machine, with hydraulics and a front linkage. The tractor is equipped with a rigid tug and a power take-off gearbox. The MGP-1 modification was supplied without a cabin and with a hood of a simplified design.
Agricultural T-100MGS, equipped with separate hydraulics, rear linkage and drive shaft for additional equipment. The MGS-1 version is distinguished by the absence of a hinge.

Fuel consumption

The fuel consumption of any equipment depends on the complexity of the work performed. The T-100 tractor is no exception. At average load, the machine uses no more than one liter of diesel fuel per hour of operation. The maximum flow rate is less than two liters per hour. Due to the rigid suspension, the tractor may experience many shocks during active work, but due to the relatively low speed, these shocks do not have much force.

D-108 engine fuel pump installation diagram

Attachments

The versatility of this tractor is explained by a fairly large number of attachments with which the machine could take part in work of one type or another. The tractor's attachment provided for the installation of the following attachments:

Frontal bulldozer blade. This equipment was most often basic, but it could also be purchased separately from the machine. This blade has a fairly simple design; it can only rise and fall, and it does not have changes in rotation, skew or other functions. Simply put, it is a straight dump.
Various plowing equipment.
Mounted cultivators.
Harrowing equipment.
Rooters.
Pipelayers.

Tractor transmission

A transmission is a set of mechanisms that connect the engine to the drive axles. The T-100 transmission is actually an independent unit. Its design includes a clutch that can be easily dismantled. The tractor has a manual transmission - selecting and switching gears is done manually. The machine has nine speeds:

five speeds – forward movement;
four speeds – moving backwards.

T-100 gearbox

The tractor turns using a special multi-disc dry clutch. The driven discs have friction linings. They are controlled by special servo levers. The semi-rigid running mechanism is represented by crawler bogies. Balancing valves maintain a constant pressure difference.

Features of operation and maintenance

The T100 tractor must be operated according to universal rules (suitable for all crawler tractors):

operate the equipment only while sitting in the operator’s seat;
climb into the cabin only in the designated place, holding the handle near the cabin door and placing your foot on a special side platform;
before starting work, make sure that there are no foreign objects in the tractor’s path of movement;
to stop the device, use the brakes, first moving the gearshift lever to the neutral position, and only then engaging the brake;
lower the implements after stopping the tractor;
To maintain tracked mechanisms in proper condition, use special oil/grease;
For operator safety, track tension is monitored visually, at a short distance from the tractor.

Oil or grease comes out of the release valve under high pressure and may cause injury if it comes into contact with the skin, so do not look at the release valve.

Maintenance of the T-100 caterpillar tractor is carried out according to the scheme:

first service after 7 working hours (at the end of the shift);
then after 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 400 hours.

Actions performed by the operator during maintenance:

clutch adjustment;
adjusting the brake pedals;
cleaning the outer surface of working units;
replacing fuel filters;
track adjustment (tension level).

When preserving a tractor for winter/seasonal storage, perform the following actions:

drain the coolant;
drain fuel sediment;
all other fluids (from the windshield wiper reservoir, condensation from the air cylinder);
move the control levers to neutral;
turn off the battery;
Place supports (beds) under the tractor so that the caterpillar part does not come into contact with the ground.

Tractor driver's cabin

The T-100 cab is located at the rear of the vehicle behind the engine. It is located on a rigid frame. The cabin is equipped with a soft seat, as well as lighting and ventilation systems. It has a heating device.

For its time, it was a fairly comfortable workplace, despite the fact that all the devices create a lot of noise. But today such conveniences, in comparison with modern technology, seem like a relic.

Cabin of the T-100 tractor inside

Advantages and disadvantages

The features of the tractor determine the positive aspects of the machine:

high traction characteristics;
good cross-country ability on weak and marshy ground;
simple design that does not require qualified maintenance;
reliability;
possibility of equipping with various attachments.

The disadvantages of T-100 machines include:

uncomfortable operator's cabin;
loss of machine traction when operating in high gear;
low speed of movement;
lack of hydraulics (on a number of modifications);
destruction of hard surfaces by caterpillars.

Engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46

D-108 and KDM-100 engines are installed on T-100M and S-100 tractors, and are also used as power plants for mobile electrical and pumping stations, excavators, motor graders, compressor stations, stone crushers and other machines. D-108 and KDM-100 are non-compressor four-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engines. The main body part of the engines is the cylinder block to which all units, mechanisms and main parts are attached. On the KDM-100 engine casing, on the right, at the bottom, there is a direct current generator driven by a small intermediate gear located inside the casing. Two block heads are attached to the upper mating plane of the block (one for every two cylinders). The cylinder heads of the D-108 engine have special bushings with injectors, one for each cylinder; the KDM-100 engine has prechambers and injectors. On top of the heads there are parts of the valve and distribution mechanism, closed with a cap, and a gasoline tank is attached to the front head. The distribution gear casing is attached to the front landing surface of the cylinder block on the neck of which the front engine support is put on in the middle part. Above it is a fan bracket. On the upper machined area of the distribution gear casing there is an alternating current generator driven by a belt from the fan pulley. Inside the casing there are distribution gears and drives of the oil, water and fuel pumps with a regulator. A flywheel casing with paws for installing the engine is attached to the rear wall of the block. A bracket with a decompression mechanism lever and an air cleaner are attached to the block above the casing. On the left side, on the mating plane of the block, inclined 13° to the vertical, there is a starting motor. On the same side of the engine there are diesel inlet and outlet pipes and a water pump. On the right side of the block there is a fuel pump with a regulator, a coarse fuel filter, an oil distribution plate, oil filters and an oil filler neck with a breather. On the same side, a drainage pipe with a thermostat is attached to the cylinder heads. An oil pump drive bracket, an oil pump with oil receivers and a crankcase are attached to the lower mating plane of the block. Inside the block there are four insert liners, a crankshaft, connecting rods and pistons with piston pins and rings, oil lines, a cam camshaft, tappets, tappet rods and a decompression roller.

Crankshaft 03341 crankshaft of the starting engine P46 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. The crankshaft receives forces from the connecting rods and transmits torque through the transmission flywheel tractor. The crankshaft is made of steel and consists of main and connecting rod journals, counterweights and a flange. The crankshaft is supported by the main journals...

Carburetor K-25G double-diffuser with falling flow 05687 starting engine P46 of diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. It consists of a body, a cover and a lower pipe. , between which gaskets are installed. The required mixture composition is ensured by the operation of the main dosing system, the idle system and the accelerating pump. The main dosing system..

Intake valve 04234 (large) of the gas distribution mechanism, starting engine P46 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. The valves are designed to ensure fuel supply to the starting cylinders engine and exhaust gas outlet. The valve design consists of a rod and a flat head. The valve head has a flat edge, beveled...

Exhaust valve 04235 (small) of the gas distribution mechanism, starting engine P46 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the crawler tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. The valves are designed to ensure fuel supply to the starting cylinders engine and exhaust gas outlet. The valve design consists of a rod and a flat head. The valve head has a flat edge, beveled to...

Piston rings 03694-1 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. They consist of an oil ring 03351, a compression piston ring 03350, an upper chrome-plated ring 03372. Piston rings are divided into compression and oil scraper rings according to their purpose. Compression rings prevent gases from escaping from the combustion chamber into the crankcase. External di..

Bracket for pushers 04111 of the gas distribution mechanism, starting engine P46 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the crawler tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. This is a cast, milled part that is attached to the top of the starting tractor engine. Made of high-strength material capable of withstanding large mechanical loads during engine operation on the tractor. Example..

Magneto M-10A with starting accelerator PUL-4647 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. Two side posts are cast into the body body, connected at the top by a core transformer having a primary (160 turns of insulated copper wire with a diameter of 1.0-1.1 mm) and a secondary (11,000-12,000 turns of wire with a diameter of 0.07-0.08 mm) windings. The rotor is installed..

Magneto M-47B with automatic ignition advance clutch MS-22-A of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the crawler tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. An M-47B magneto is installed on the engine, and if there is an air heater, an M-10A magneto is installed. It consists of a housing with a transition and rear covers. At the front of the housing there is a flange with three holes for attaching the magneto. In the body of the corp..

Oil radiator 09462 of the cooling system, diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. The oil pump supplies oil to the oil distribution plate 6 (Fig. 37). It has three chambers: lower 2, middle 5 and upper 7. Oil from the pump enters chamber 2 and through window 3 into chamber 39 (see Fig. 36) of bracket 4. Oil flows into the upper chamber 7 (Fig. 37). .

Oil filter 09422 section of oil filter 09278 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the caterpillar tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. To remove mechanical impurities, wear products, resins formed during "aging" of the oil, on the D-108 and KDM-100 engines, metal meshes are installed in the oil receivers, designed to catch large particles that accidentally get into the...

Flywheel 03373 of the starting engine P46 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. This is a round metal part that fits onto the crankshaft of the starting engine. Necessary for gaining inertia rotation of the crankshaft, which allows the pistons to overcome dead spots when starting the engine. Made from high-strength investment steel..

Water pump 08301 pump of the cooling system, diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the crawler tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. The centrifugal water pump of the engine is used to create forced circulation of the coolant. It is bolted to the timing gear housing on the left. Pump capacity is 12,800 l/h at 1050 rpm of the diesel crankshaft. The pump consists of...

Oil pump 09201 assembly of the cooling system, diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. The oil pump is a three-section gear pump with one injection and two pump-out sections. Pumping sections pump oil from the front and rear parts of the crankcase, where it can accumulate when working on slopes, to the middle, deeper,...

Plunger pair 14-67-SB104 of the D 108 diesel engine. In the fuel pump of the D-108 diesel engine, compared to the fuel pump of the KDM-100 diesel engine, the design of the plunger pairs and gears of the pump and regulator drive has been changed. When the diesel engine is running without load, the second and third cylinders are switched off and the engine runs on only two cylinders (the first and fourth). In this regard, the plunger pairs of the second and third sections of the pump...

Piston 03349 of the starting engine P46 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. The piston is a cylindrical part that performs reciprocating movement inside the cylinder and serves for converting a change in pressure of a gas, steam or liquid into mechanical work, or vice versa - reciprocating motion into a change in pressure.I..

Water radiator 08525 assembled with the frame of the cooling system, diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. The cooling system serves to remove heat from the hottest engine parts (liners, block, block head), as well as to maintain the desired thermal conditions of the engine. On the D-108, KDM-100 engines, a forced water system is used..

Camshaft 04230 of the gas distribution mechanism, starting engine P46 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. The camshaft ensures timely closing or opening of the timing valves in accordance with the sequence operation of the engine cylinders and the phases of gas distribution in the mechanism. The camshaft is made of high...

Core 08462 of the water radiator of the cooling system, diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. The cooling system serves to remove heat from the hottest engine parts (liners, block, block head), as well as to maintain the desired thermal conditions of the engine. On the D-108, KDM-100 engines, a forced water cooling system is used..

Valve pusher 04110 of the gas distribution mechanism, starting engine P46 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. Pushers are timing parts, the main purpose of which is to transmit forces from camshaft lobes to the rods. For the manufacture of pushers, high-strength steel or cast iron is used. Made from high-strength material capable of...

Pipe 05623 intake and exhaust manifolds of the air intake, starting engine P46 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. This is a cast metal manifold that is screwed to the head of the starting engine and serves to remove exhaust gases through one channel and take in the air mixture through another. Made of high-strength metal..

Drainage pipe 08319 of the cooling system, diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the crawler tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. This is a long pipe with mounting holes along the edges, which is screwed from the side to the head engine cylinder block and serves to circulate coolant between the channels in the cylinder head of the engine unit during operation. In the upper part there is space for installing...

Intake pipe 05445 intake manifold, diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. Designed for supplying air to the engine cylinders. The intake manifold is equipped with a jacket for heating the air (during the process of starting the engine). Made of high-strength metal capable of withstanding large mechanical and thermal loads during engine operation..

Exhaust pipe 05449 exhaust manifold, diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. Designed for the release of exhaust gases into the atmosphere, partial heat removal from the engine , as well as to reduce noise during operation of the motor unit. Made of high-strength metal capable of withstanding large mechanical and thermal loads..

Connecting rod 03346 of the starting engine P46 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the tracked tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. The connecting rod is a connecting part between the crankshaft and the piston, the main purpose of which is the transformation translational movements of the piston inside the cylinder into rotational movements of the crankshaft, from which rotation is transmitted to the gearbox of the tractor starting motor.

Camshaft gear 04231 of the gas distribution mechanism, starting engine P46 of the diesel engine D 108, KDM 100, KDM 46 of the crawler tractor S100 (T100), T 100M, Stalinets S 80, S 80B-2. This is a round helical gear of constant mesh that is installed at the end of the camshaft starting motor. Made of high-strength material capable of withstanding large mechanical loads in the p..

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