Analyzing all the models of equipment that have ever been produced by the Minsk Tractor Plant and, in general, by any Soviet manufacturers, one cannot fail to note the universal row-crop tractor MTZ 80, as well as its twin brother MTZ 82. It was these functional tractors that were the most common models of the MTZ family of tractors in the vast territory of the entire Soviet Union, and also remain the most widespread on the territory of modern Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Mongolia and a number of other states.
Creation and reasons for the popularity of MTZ 80
Like many other models of the Minsk Tractor Plant, MTZ 80 was not created from scratch. It became an improved version of the already existing MTZ 50, which was also quite popular in its time. The country showed great interest and attention to the MTZ 50, designed and released in 1962. Since the country was experiencing Khrushchev’s “thaw”, the reforms of which significantly influenced the dynamic development of all agriculture, productive and reliable machines were of priority importance for the entire economy of the Union. Therefore, equipped with a diesel engine with a power of 55 l/s, the MTZ 50 immediately won the enormous loyalty of the population.
But MTZ 50 was the leader of the USSR tractor industry for a relatively short time. Just four years after the release of the first tractor, a regulatory legal act (Resolution No. 606) was adopted at the highest state level, which provided for the creation of a new, more advanced tractor based on the same MTZ 50. It was planned that the new tractor would receive a modernized, more powerful engine, and will also be assigned to the 1.4 traction class. The development and design were carried out by the best specialists of the Minsk Tractor Plant, who, from 1966 to 1972, tested the tractor at the highest level. The new model was given the MTZ 80 brand.
Full-scale production of the new MTZ 80 began in 1974 and it immediately gained enormous popularity. The main distinguishing characteristics of the MTZ 80 from the MTZ 50 were rationality and versatility. The tractor proved to be much more efficient in operation. The number of types of equipment aggregated with the machine has increased many times, in addition, the MTZ 80 was simply irreplaceable for transportation types of work. Considering the “success” of the modernization, the developers decided to make the model a base model for the creation of subsequent unified wheeled and tracked tractors. In general terms, the universal row-crop MTZ 80 has become an excellent technique that, in just a few years, has created enormous authority for itself.
Like most other MTZ tractors, the Model 80 is used in almost all industries. It is this high versatility that has made this tractor practically indispensable for the agricultural sector, public utilities, certain types of industry and many other areas. Whether it was an MTZ 80 with a trailer for transporting straw or an MTZ 82 with a trailer, the tractor always coped with all its work responsibilities with the highest efficiency.
Engine repair D 240
Repair of YaMZ 240 and MTZ 240 engines is recommended to be carried out exclusively in special workshops.
Piston group
Parts are replaced when increased crankcase oil consumption or increased penetration of gases into the crankcase is noticed. The parts most susceptible to wear are rings, piston, connecting rod bushings, liners, and connecting rod bearing shells.
If the gap between the piston grooves and the ring is exceeded, the piston must be replaced. Piston rings must be replaced if the gap in the lock exceeds 4.0 mm.
Cylinder block
The main problems of the block include warping of the parting plane, wear of the chamfers of the valves and sockets, the presence of cracks in the bridges, and burnout of the seats for the injector seals.
If the protrusion of the valve stem exceeds 57.2 mm, then this indicates serious wear of the valve plates and their seats. If the sinking of the valve plates exceeds 0.7 mm, then the cylinder head is replaced.
Water pump
A large amount of steam, water or oil leakage, noise and frequent knocking indicate a failure of the normal operation of the cooling system. Its degree depends on the amount of liquid, the degree of wear of the impeller blades and pump walls, the condition of the radiator and other factors.
Noise and knocking indicate wear on the pump bearings or a loose seat for the drive pulley. Therefore, it is recommended to replace the bearings and sealing washer.
If there are cracks in the pump housing, it must be replaced or repaired.
High pressure fuel pump
If the diesel engine does not start or does not develop the required power, then the cause is a malfunction of the fuel system. Associated factors in this case are the presence of air locks in fuel lines and filters, wear of pump elements and injectors, and incorrect installation of the fuel injection pump.
The exact identification of a faulty part is the color of the smoke from the exhaust pipe. If the smoke is white, then the reason is definitely not in the fuel pump, but in the operation of the cooling system. If the smoke is gray or black, then this indicates oil getting into the combustion chamber, misfiring in the cylinders, or sticking of the needle in the nozzle body.
To replace pump parts, it is partially disassembled.
The nozzle must be replaced if there are cracks or kinks on it.
Tractor MTZ 82 and other modifications of the series
By and large, the MTZ 80 and 82 tractors simply cannot be considered separately from each other. They began to be produced almost at the same time, but still, they are distinguished by one important feature. If the MTZ 80 has only rear-wheel drive, then the 82 model has all-wheel drive.
It is also important to note that various modifications of this series have been and continue to be produced in our time. Technical characteristics compared to 1974, when the first tractor rolled off the assembly line, have changed greatly for the better. They concern a variety of elements of the power unit, transmission, chassis, trailer equipment, controls, tires and of course appearance.
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MTZ 80 technical characteristics in comparison with other modern models of the manufacturer
Speaking about the technical characteristics of the MTZ 80, it is important to note that this tractor is a kind of “golden mean” among all models of the Belarusian manufacturer. It is not as powerful as the “energy-rich” MTZ 3522 or 3022, and is also seriously inferior to the MTZ 1523 and even the 1221 model. But in turn, it has high speed characteristics, efficiency, reliability, price loyalty and, most importantly, maximum ease of maintenance. It is thanks to its versatility that MTZ received such recognition.
In addition, this model is most popular among small and medium-sized farmers. Compared to the already mentioned models, as well as very expensive equipment from well-known European or even Chinese manufacturers, MTZ 80 and 82 are cost-effective to operate and repair. Spare parts for these tractors can be easily found in any specialty store or market.
MTZ 80 price: from 200,000 to 400,000 (used), up to 680,000 rubles (new).
MTZ 82 price: 250,000 to 450,000 (used), up to 750,000 rubles (new).
Is there a difference between 240 and 245 blocks?
is there a difference between blocks 240 and 245?
old old 240s, there were no oil nozzles and 3 supports for the camshaft.
on 243 and 245 all this is already present
Guys, please tell me why everything has become a stove before, whether the whole motor was connected directly, it works, but there is no adjustment
Fil86, April 7, 2022, 08:36, #3
Guys, please tell me why everything has become a stove before, whether the whole motor was connected directly, it works, but there is no adjustment
If the principle is fine, then check whether it works at maximum speed. If yes, then look at the additional (additional) resistor
bought Valdai on the block it says 240 and on the head 245
shanin1991bkru, April 7, 2022, 20:57, #5
bought Valdai on the block it says 240 and on the head 245
Would you like me to give you a valve cover with the inscription Cummins? Or NISSAN
The block markings differ in the last numbers/letters
val 295, April 7, 2022, 21:45, #6
Would you like me to give you a valve cover with the inscription Cummins? Or NISSAN
shanin1991bkru, April 7, 2022, 07:30, #1
is there a difference between blocks 240 and 245?
Drink 240 ml of vodka and then 245 ml. There is a difference?
shanin1991bkru, April 7, 2022, 07:30, #1
is there a difference between blocks 240 and 245?
There is no difference in general between them. All holes and bolts are the same. And the fact that the camshaft has three journals is, on the contrary, better. I had crap oil pressure at five cervicals. At zero, but the light did not light up, I changed the camshaft to three journals and began to press two. These are the jokes.
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MTZ 80 and MTZ 82 technical characteristics (comparison)
| Subject of comparison | MTZ 80 | MTZ 82 |
| Power unit type | diesel direct injection | |
| Model | D-243 | |
| Power, kW (hp) | 60 (81) | |
| Rated rotation speed, rpm | 2200 | |
| Number of cylinders, pcs. | 4 | |
| Working volume, l | 4,75 | |
| Maximum torque, Nm (kgcm) | 290 (29,6) | |
| Specific fuel consumption, g/kWh (g/l.h.) | 220 (162) | |
| Torque reserve factor, % | 15 | |
| Fuel tank capacity, l | 130 | |
| Clutch | dry, single disc | |
| Transmission | mechanical (with a gearbox doubling the number of gears) | |
| Number of gears: forward/reverse | 18/4 | |
| Speed, km/h: forward/backward | 1,89-33,4/3,98-8,97 | |
| Drive unit | rear | full |
| Dimensions and weight | ||
| Tractor base, mm | 2370 | 2450 |
| Total length, mm | 3850 | 3930 |
| Width, mm | 1970 | |
| Cabin height, mm | 2780 | |
| Front wheel track, mm: | 1350-1850 | 1450-1630 |
| Track, rear wheels mm: | 1400-1600 | 1800-2100 |
| Operating weight, kg | 3700 | 3900 |
| Front tire sizes (standard): | 9,0-20 | 11,2-20 |
| Rear tire sizes (standard): | 15.5R38 | |
general information
A large range of MTZ-82 special equipment and standardized parts make this equipment universal for performing different types of work. The design of the tractor provides for the use of trailed, semi-mounted and mounted equipment. All-wheel drive provides it with a power of 81 hp. s., fuel consumption is 225 g/kWh. Areas of application of the tractor:
- agricultural economy;
- construction;
- utility services;
- forestry and other industries.
The choice of modification of special equipment depends on the industry in which the tractor is used. The operating characteristics, dimensions and weight of the unit differ in different models.
Some operating features
MTZ 80 and 82 are very flexible tractors. It can be used at any time of the year, including winter, without any problems. Thanks to a specially designed electric torch heater, starting the power unit is significantly easier, even in the most “harsh” conditions.
All mechanical parts of the tractor are fully optimized for the best performance. For example, the main transmission of the front axle is made in the form of special bevel gears. They are equipped with spiral teeth, which significantly increase the conditions of engagement, as well as the noiselessness of the transmission itself.
Front axle MTZ 82
Modern modifications of the tractor also provide for the presence of a special “travel reducer”, which is simply irreplaceable for certain types of field work, especially when the loads are very high. Its use is aimed at reducing technological speeds. The MTZ 80 gearbox is hydraulically controlled, which allows gear shifting even under the heaviest loads without damaging the differential (it can also be locked using hydraulics).
Gearbox MTZ 80 (cross section):
1 — retaining ring; 2 — bearing ShRO-208; 3 — spring ring; 4 — driven gear for turning on the speed reducer; 5 — driven gear of 1st gear and reverse gear; 6 — thrust washer; 7 — retaining ring; 8 — sliding gear of 1st gear and reverse gear; 9 — bearing ShRO-50308; 10 — shaft of first gear and reverse gear; 11 — left side hatch cover; 12 — side hatch cover gasket; 13 — intermediate gear of the front drive axle; 14 — axis of the intermediate gear; 15 — bushing; 16 - nut; 17 - tray.
As for comfort, compared to earlier models, modern tractors are quite easy to operate and quite safe. The cabins are mounted on special shock absorbers, which significantly reduces the level of vibration. Sound insulation characteristics have also been improved.
The most common breakdowns of models
Typical problems with tractor engines include:
- Air in the vehicle. To eliminate the problem, pump it with a manual pump and eliminate the suction.
- Vehicle malfunctions and defects. The pump is removed and sent to a service station for diagnosis and repair.
- Lack of traction. They repair the vehicle - adjusting the pump, replacing the filter if clogged, washing the nozzles, cleaning the nozzle, checking the air cleaner, turbocharger, adjusting the clearances of the gas distribution mechanism.
- Black smoke appears. Possible causes are clogging of the air cleaner, malfunction of the fuel supply pump and injectors, incorrect adjustment of the thermal clearances of the gas distribution mechanism. Carry out maintenance or replacement of elements and appropriate adjustments.
- The appearance of white smoke. The reason is that coolant gets into the combustion chamber of the engine. Malfunction - the gasket between the engine block and the gas distribution head is broken. Remedy: dismantling the head and replacing the gasket.
- Radiator coolant boiling. Clean the radiator and water jacket of the cylinder block from scale, and adjust the tension of the fan belt.
To prevent the above listed malfunctions of a diesel unit, it is necessary to carry out timely maintenance and adhere to the rules of operation and maintenance of the engine established by the manufacturer.
Crankshaft D245
For internal combustion engines, the crankshaft . Models D245 are made of steel with 5 main and 4 connecting rod journals. Oil purification occurs in cavities closed with plugs. Axial forces are transmitted to the shaft through aluminum or bimetallic half rings. These elements are installed in the cylinder block and in the main bearing cover 5. The mechanism is sealed with cuffs, and the inertial force is regulated by counterweights. Drive gears are installed at the front end of the shaft:
- Gas distribution.
- Oil and water pumps.
- A flywheel is attached to the rear flange.
D245 is produced and installed in two production sizes . To determine the need for repairs, the main violations in the system are identified. What is the condition of the main and connecting rod journals in terms of wear? If the standards change critically, the crankshaft is ground and put back into service.
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