Design and principle of operation of the PD-10 starter

The starting engines P-350 and PD-10UD are started using an electric starter ST362A-3708 (Figure 1) with a traction electromagnetic relay. The starter is turned on remotely using a switch located on the instrument panel. The ST362A-3708 starter is a DC electric motor with a mixed type of excitation. The starter is attached to the engine through a flange using two bolts.

In the housing (pos. 16) of the starter, the shaft (pos. 4) of the armature (pos. 15) rotates in two bronze-graphite bearings, which are pressed into the covers (pos. 3, 13). Brush holders with brushes (pos. 12) are mounted in the cover (pos. 13) on the commutator side (pos. 14). The engagement of the flywheel ring and the drive gear (item 6), as well as the transmission of torque to the diesel engine from the starter, occurs using a starter drive with a freewheel (item 2). The drive moves along helical splines made on the armature shaft.

The electromagnetic traction relay (item 10), located in the upper part of the PD-10, P-350 starter , ensures that the gear engages with the diesel flywheel, and also connects the starter to the battery. When the engine starts, the relay, using the switch lever (pos. 7), which is connected to the relay armature by a spring-loaded earring (pos. 8), begins to move the drive along the shaft splines, thereby engaging the gear. After the relay is turned off, the return spring (pos. 9) releases the engagement, the contacts of the relay itself open and the PD starter is turned off.

Fig. 1 - Starter ST362A-3708 starting engines PD-10, P-350

1 – lever axis; 2 – drive freewheel; 3 – drive side cover; 4 – armature shaft; 5 – thrust ring; 6 – drive gear; 7 – lever; 8 – earring; 9 – return spring; 10 – starter traction relay; 11 – contact bolts; 12 – brushes; 13 – cover from the collector side; 14 – collector; 15 – anchor; 16 – starter housing.

Every shift before starting the engine, check the reliability of the starter fastening, as well as the electrical contacts at the connecting points. It is necessary to regularly wipe the surface of the starter with a clean rag, removing dirt and dust. If extraneous noise appears in the starter during its operation, the malfunction should be eliminated.

After 2000 operating hours or when repairing the engine, the ST362A-3708 starter and sent to a repair shop, where it will be completely disassembled, cleaned and the condition of the parts checked. When disassembling the starter, the relay contacts must be cleaned of dirt and dust. Burnt contacts are cleaned and sanded. Contact bolts that have significant wear at the interface with the contact disk are rotated 180°.

The collector is wiped with a clean rag soaked in gasoline. If the collector burn is insignificant, it is sanded with fine glass sandpaper. Tarnished colors are acceptable and do not require stripping. In case of significant wear and roughness, the commutator is ground to a minimum depth and ground to a smooth surface, and then blown with compressed air. The diameter of the collector after grooving should not be less than 34 mm.

PD-10 maintenance

As a rule, the launcher will not require much time from the owner to carry out maintenance work on the unit. It is important to remember that using fuel in its pure form, without first mixing it with oil, is strictly prohibited, as this can lead to engine damage and subsequent failure.

In order to refuel the engine, you will need to mix pure gasoline of proper quality and motor oil in a clean container, strictly observing the proportions of 15:1. When refueling, it is necessary to use a special filter funnel, which will prevent large and small contaminants from entering the internal components of the unit.

Scheme PD-10

As you use it, you should wash the fuel tank sump, and promptly wash or replace the air filter. It is recommended to do this every 480 hours of use. Since many problems that arise with the starter are associated with unsatisfactory cleanliness of the air filter, it should be periodically removed and cleaned, following the following instructions:

1. Remove the air purifier protective cap and limiting mechanism.
2. Remove the filter.
3. Rinse it in diesel fuel, then moisten it with oil.
4. Install the filter, restrictor mechanism and cap.

It is necessary to pay due attention to the maintenance of the gearbox operating in conjunction with the PD-10. First of all, the oil should be changed after 960 hours of operation, and topped up every 480 hours, as needed.

The functionality of the clutch assembly should be checked at similar intervals. During operation, it is necessary to remember that the operating time of the launcher should not be more than 10 minutes, otherwise the likelihood of its failure increases significantly.

Setup and adjustment

Its technical performance, as well as the stability and efficiency of operation, depend on the correct tuning of the engine, including the PD 10u. Adjustment of the device is carried out in several stages, the first of which is considered to be setting the carburetor.

Be sure to read: Vladimir Tractor Plant: official website, products

To do this, you should set the length of the rod between the damper and the regulator, and then adjust the engine operation at low speeds. After this, they begin to adjust the crankshaft, which can be done using the appropriate spring. The more it is compressed, the higher the engine speeds.

Then, you need to start setting up the ignition system, and the last, final stage will be setting up the mechanism responsible for turning off the drive gear.

Rice. 1 – Starter PD-10, P-350 ST362A-3708

1 – starter housing; 2 – brush holder; 3 – excitation winding; 4 – main contacts; 5 – contact disk; 6 – traction relay coil; 7 – traction relay anchor; 8 – earring; 9 – drive lever; 10 – adjusting screw; 11 – drive gear; 12 – overrunning clutch; 13 – starter anchor.

Review

Kit for replacing the PD-10 starting motor for the starter. The starter starts the flywheel directly; the flywheel and plate do not need to be changed. The starter is equipped with a bendix with large gears, which coincides with the starter flywheel.

You don’t need to change anything, you don’t need to split the tractor, just remove the starter and gearbox and install this kit. There is no need to saw, cook or trick anything.

The kit includes: – Slovak starter 12 volts 3.5 kW with factory enlarged bendix. – an adapter plate for installing the starter on the plate, – a set of washers, screws and nuts for fastening the plate and starter, – photo instructions with instructions on how to install everything correctly.

Video on how to install from our client:

And a video of how it all works in winter:

If you change the gear what can happen:

Spare parts for agricultural and specialized equipment

Guarantee

from 3 to 12 months

Delivery

throughout Ukraine

Repair

within 3-5 days

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Starter or gear starter, what to choose?

Do not buy a starter replacement kit at MTZ without reading this article. MTZ tractors are the most common tractors in both Russia and the entire post-Soviet space. This is caused not only by the large production volume, but also by the huge safety margin that was built into these tractors. Tractors from the 70s and 80s are still in operation, which were equipped with starting engines or, as they are also called, starters , to start the main engine.

The PD-10 starting engine consists of a carburetor two-stroke single-cylinder engine and a rotation transmission mechanism with automatic shutdown.

The standard gear ratio of such a mechanism is 16.8.

Our company is, of course, a trading company, but we see our primary task as providing our clients with the opportunity to make an independent choice, giving as much information as we have, and possibly dispel the myths that surround this burning topic.

Let's look at the pros and cons of replacing the starter with a gear starter

Minuses

1. The main disadvantage is that you will have to carry out a complete inspection of the tractor's electrical system. To successfully start the tractor engine, you will need good thick wires and a high-quality, powerful battery (or 2 batteries). It may not be necessary in the summer, but definitely in the winter.
2. Often the conversion kit has to be further modified; dismantling the starting motor (and the starting motor gearbox itself) does not always go smoothly.
3. The starter is a modern, technologically advanced unit that requires careful handling and compliance with the safety instructions.

pros

1. The most important advantage and, I believe, the reason for the popularity of conversion kits: lower price compared to purchasing an archaic and metal-intensive launcher.
2. A starter is not only convenience, but also safety; many machine operators, unfortunately, do not turn off the tractor when setting up the rear attachment.
3. Convenience, simplicity and speed of starting the engine: no need to pump up the carburetor, pull the starting engine cord, wait until it starts working and warms up.

Myths

The main myth is that the starter kit fits perfectly on any tractor model and is very easy to install.

There are several types of conversion kits from starter to starter, and they are used in different cases in different ways and require different amounts of work to install this kit.

The scope of installation work can vary depending on the type of conversion kit, and on the condition of the components and assemblies of the tractor itself, and on the condition of the bolts connecting them. And, unfortunately, it is not always possible to avoid “rolling out” the tractor.

Conclusion: if the starting motor is working properly, let it continue to work and there is no need to change it, but if you cannot configure the starter for stable operation, then you need to think about purchasing a kit for replacing the starting motor with a gear starter, and we will analyze which kit to choose for this Further.

Which conversion kit for the MTZ tractor from launcher to starter should you choose?

Now let’s look at the main types of kits for converting the starting engine to a gear starter:

1. Set Starter + PDM-10 with two bearings.

We have the following models of starters with gearboxes: starter 12V 2.7 kW 11010002 SLOVAK MTZ, analog Magneton (this option is a little more expensive), starter TTB 12V 2.7 kW, analog Magneton 9142780

and a powerful adapter PDM-10 in a molded case.

These starters even have interchangeable spare parts - the choice here is more a matter of taste.

Pros: the easiest installation, here you can be sure that the tractor will not need to be rolled out.

Cons: you need a working starter gearbox; it is better to use a high-power starter.

2. Set of high-power starter + PDM-10 with two bearings. This kit is a set of one of the reinforced starters, namely:

Starter with gearbox 12V 4.9 (3.5) kW 11010085M SLOVAK (with additional relay) reinforced,

Starter with gearbox 12V 4.9 (3.5) kW 11010085 SLOVAK reinforced,

Reinforced gear starter 12V 3.2 kW D-240, D-144 11010093 AKITA, analog Magneton 9162780

and PDM-10 in the housing.

The first two starters differ slightly (the modified starter additionally has a thermal relay installed to protect against overloads in the electrical network, as well as an additional bolt for better demining): starter 11010093 AKITA with a larger electric motor, compared to its predecessors 11010002 SLOVAK and TTB.

Advice: it is better to take a reinforced starter with the ability to replace gear 11010085 or 11010085M; if the gearbox has a long life, you can buy an additional gear and use the starter as part of a new kit.

3. Starter kit + tractor leaf + flywheel with crown. In this case, absolutely any starter listed before or after this point with a regular gear will do, depending only on the operating and storage conditions of the tractor.

Only a few units of this kit have been purchased over the years; our company’s website doesn’t even have this kit in the form of a kit – only as separate spare parts.

Pros: everything is according to Feng Shui. Disadvantages: high cost and low quality of modern parts in general, labor-intensive installation.

4. The plate + gear + starter set consists of an enlarged gear so that you do not have to change the flywheel, a special plate and a starter of your choice: Starter with gearbox 12V 4.9 (3.5) kW 11010085M (with additional relay) SLOVAK reinforced, Starter with gearbox 12V 4.9 (3.5) kW 11010085 SLOVAK reinforced, Starter with gearbox 12V 4.2 (2.8) kW 11010015 SLOVAK. The choice of starter in this type of kit also depends only on the operating and storage conditions of the tractor.

Pros: cheap (for stores, the advantage is that the starter can be sold separately - no need to keep many starters in stock).

Cons: not everything is as easy as the sellers say; replacement gears are of poor quality.

Nuances: replacing a gear without proper skill is labor-intensive.

5. Set plate + starter with enlarged gear. This is a conversion kit from a special plate and one of the gear starters to choose from: Starter 12V 4.9 (3.5) kW 11010110 SLOVAK (11010085 with enlarged gear) reinforced,

Starter 12V 4.2 (2.8) kW 11010123 SLOVAK (11010015 with enlarged gear) with rotary mask,

Starter for tractor 12V 4.2 (2.8) kW 11010123 AKITA (analogue 11010015 with large gear) to replace PD MTZ.

Starter 11010110 SLOVAK is slightly more powerful than the other two. The starter for tractor 11010123 AKITA is designed to replace the MTZ starting motor, which means the kit that includes it is noticeably cheaper.

Pros: cheap, a little more convenient, guaranteed quality of all starter parts.

Cons: everything is also not as easy as the sellers say and is very dependent on the condition of the fasteners with which the starting motor and the starting motor gearbox were attached.

Conclusion

Which kit to choose depends entirely on:

⚙️climatic conditions in which the tractor operates. Russia is very large and the climatic conditions are very different: what is “cold” in winter in Siberia and in the Krasnodar Territory are very different things,

⚙️is there a seasonality in using a tractor? Maybe someone just needs it for mowing, and someone also cleans the area in the winter or uses it in the forest, someone installs a starter with a PDM for the summer, and in the winter, when they go to the forest to work on a plot, for example, returns the starting motor,

⚙️and, to a large extent, from financial capabilities and further plans for purchasing equipment.

Reviews from not hundreds, but thousands of satisfied customers have shown that the conversion kit for the MTZ tractor from launcher to starter is a very necessary, in demand and quite working , but it is necessary to take a sober approach to its acquisition, understanding that installation may entail additional modifications: somewhere sharpen it a little, tighten it up somewhere, you may spend a lot of time installing it, but in the future this time investment will definitely pay off.

So which kit should you choose?

Our nominations

3rd prize: Our organization's best-selling kit Starter with gearbox 12V 4.2 (2.8) kW 11010015, SLOVAK + gear + plate. The reason is most likely in Internet videos.

2nd place and our choice: if the gearbox is in order, or even the starter in general is in order and you want to use it in some particularly harsh conditions (in the forest in winter, for example), choose a kit with a high-power starter + PDM -10 with two bearings from the following starters:

Starter with gearbox 12V 4.9 (3.5) kW 11010085М SLOVAK (with additional relay) reinforced, Starter with gearbox 12V 4.9 (3.5) kW 11010085, SLOVAK reinforced,

Reinforced gear starter 12V 3.2 kW D-40, D-144 11010093, AKITA.

1 well-deserved place: in other cases, we see the most logical choice from a special plate and one of the gear starters to choose from:

• Starter 12V 4.9 (3.5) kW 11010110 SLOVAK (1010085 with increased gear) reinforced,
• Starter 12V 4.2 (2.8) kW 11010123 SLOVAK (11010015 with increased gear) with rotary mask,
• Starter for tractor 12V 4.2 (2.8) kW 11010123 AKITA (11010015 larger) to replace the MTZ PD - less modification and price, price first of all.

Table of characteristics and applicability of starters on various types of domestic equipment

We present to your attention a list of starters we offer. We supply starters for all types of road construction and municipal equipment presented on the domestic market. Along with providing the opportunity to purchase a finished product, we also recommend repairing your starter with a quality guarantee. The name and application of starters is taken from open sources. If any inaccuracies are found, please point out the errors so that the inaccuracy can be corrected immediately.

Characteristics of starters used on various types of domestic equipment