Characteristics of the MAZ-6312 truck and TOP-6 popular modifications

MAZ-6312 is a universal truck built on a three-axle chassis with a 6x4 wheel arrangement. The first production copies were produced by the Minsk Automobile Plant in 2002. In the standard version, the MAZ-6312 has a flatbed body, but can also be equipped with many other types of superstructures, which significantly expands its scope of application.

The truck turned out pretty well. In a short time he was able to gain great popularity not only in the domestic market, but also in many others. This is explained by the fact that, compared to its predecessors, the new model has improved technical and operational characteristics, as well as an updated cabin with a higher level of comfort. In 2009, the Minsk Automobile Plant restyled this model, as a result of which the MAZ-6312 became an even more modern and comfortable truck.

Modifications

MAZ-6312 has several modified versions, differing in power unit, transmission and other design features. This list includes models such as:

MAZ-6312A8.

This modification uses a YaMZ-6582.10E3 diesel power unit, the maximum power of which reaches 330 horsepower. It is paired with a 9-speed manual transmission of the JS135TA9 brand, provided by the foreign manufacturer Shaanxi. The design of the truck has a load capacity of 14,050 kilograms. When loaded, the MAZ-6312A8 has a mass of 12,300 kilograms;

MAZ-6312A5.

A YaMZ-6581.10E3 diesel engine is installed under the cabin. Its maximum output power is 400 horsepower. The transmission chosen was a JS200TA12 12-speed manual transmission manufactured by Shaanxi. The car has a maximum payload of 14,050 kilograms and a curb weight of 12,300 kilograms;

MAZ-6312A5-370.

For this model, the designers chose a YaMZ-6582.10E4 diesel engine with a maximum power of 330 horsepower. The engine works in tandem with a 9-speed manual transmission of the JS135A brand from the manufacturer Shaanxi. The maximum carrying capacity of this modification is 14,600 kilograms. In running order, the car has a mass of 11,750 kilograms;

MAZ-6312W6-8421.

It is equipped with a foreign diesel power plant of the Cummins ISLe360 brand, developing a maximum output power of 330 horsepower. It also uses a JS135A 12-speed gearbox provided by Shaanxi. The modification has a maximum load capacity of 14,280 kilograms;

MAZ-6312V9-420.

Under the cabin of this version there is a YaMZ-651 diesel engine. Its maximum output power is 412 horsepower. It is paired with a 16-speed S2520TO gearbox manufactured by ZF, but in some configurations other gearbox options can be used, such as the 14-speed JS200TA or the 12-speed TMZ 14.180.

Engine MAZ-6312

The YaMZ-6581.10 type engine from the Yaroslavl Motor Plant is used as a power plant.

The main design elements of the MAZ 6312V9 are:

Engine YaMZ-6581.10

• Closed crankcase ventilation system.
• Emergency stop block.
• Compact generator with a power of 2 kW.
• Fuel system filter element.

A special feature of the MAZ engine is the fuel line. The main unit of the fuel line is the Compact-40 fuel injection pump with electronic control.

The injection pump pump consists of three components:

• Control unit ESU-1A.
• Set of sensors.
• Set of wires.

The control unit is used to control the engine operating mode. The numerical characteristics of the indicators are determined by sensors.

Injection pump pump "Compact-40"

The set of sensors includes instruments for measuring:

• air flow pressure;
• lubricant temperature;
• pressure and temperature of the fuel mixture;
• crankshaft speed;
• the amount of working mixture in the combustion chamber.

The wiring kit includes electrical cables to transmit information from the sensors to the dashboard.

Cabin

MAZ-6312 uses a metal cabin designed to meet European requirements. The cabin of this model is significantly different from most of its predecessors. First of all, it is necessary to note the new appearance, which made the model more modern. In 2009, the Minsk Automobile Plant carried out a restyling, as a result of which the truck cabin received a number of changes regarding both the appearance and the interior space.

As for the appearance, the cabin received a new radiator grille, modified side fairings, a new bumper and updated head optics. By the way, the headlights are represented by block headlights, which combine low and high beams, daytime running lights, and turn indicators. Despite all the changes made, the new cabin still retains the style of its predecessors.

Inside the cabin there are two comfortable sleeping places, allowing the driver and passenger to rest in their free time from the road. There are two seats here and both have several adjustments. Depending on the configuration, seats can be installed with either air suspension or four-point sprung mounting.

The steering column was also equipped with a pair of adjustable parameters. To store any things and tools in the cabin there are many compartments and shelves. Moreover, the designers equipped the cabin with a special tool box.

To achieve comfortable working conditions in the cabin, modern and high-quality materials were used. Thus, it was possible to significantly improve vibration and noise insulation, especially when comparing this model with its predecessors. The thermal insulation was also quite good. At low negative ambient temperatures it is very warm inside.

Additional equipment

A large amount of different equipment is installed on a truck of this type. It can be included as standard or installed additionally by the owner.

The most popular options are:

• braking system with ABS;
• ASR – traction control system;
• bead and axle load control system;
• air conditioner;
• cabin air heating (independent);
• radio;
• Cruise control;
• mirrors equipped with electric drive;
• digital tomograph and voltage converter.

Most often, most drivers install brakes equipped with ABS on the MAZ-6312. Thanks to this option, the truck becomes very stable on the road.

The safety of its movement increases even with maximum axle load. Skidding, subject to the speed limit, is almost completely eliminated.

A specialized side and axle load control system avoids overload and subsequent excessive wear of the frame. Also, thanks to this option, you can control the amount of cargo without leaving the car cabin: just look at the special sensor.

Particularly popular equipment is climate control – air conditioning and heater. Thanks to them, staying inside the cabin becomes as comfortable as possible, regardless of the time of year.

Special electric drives make it possible to adjust the position of the rear-view mirrors automatically - just press a special control button.

The console, located to the right of the driver's seat and instrument panel, has enough space to install a radio equipped with a plasma panel.

Loading platform

The standard version of this truck is equipped with a metal cargo platform with folding sides. Additionally, the design of such a body can be equipped with an awning frame that protects the transported cargo from external factors. The length of the structure is 7300 millimeters and the width is 2480. The height with the awning is 2450 millimeters.

A similar platform, but without an awning, has a modification equipped with a crane-manipulator installation. Thanks to the presence of such a device, you can independently carry out loading and unloading operations.

Among other superstructures for the MAZ-6312, tank trucks, vans, dump bodies, grain trucks, log trucks, timber trucks and many others, including truck cranes and concrete mixers, are offered. All this made it possible to significantly expand the scope of application of this truck.

Specifications

Engine

The MAZ-6312 is equipped with several engine options, namely:

YaMZ-651. It is a six-cylinder diesel engine with a V-shaped design. This power unit has liquid cooling, direct fuel injection, as well as a turbocharging system with intermediate cooling of the charge air. The motor complies with Euro-4 environmental requirements.

Characteristics of YaMZ-651:

1. Working volume – 11.12 l;
2. Maximum power – 412 hp;
3. Cylinder diameter – 130 mm;
4. Piston stroke – 140 mm;
5. Maximum torque – 1911 N.m. (at 1200-1400 rpm);
6. Cooling is liquid.

Dimensions of YaMZ-651:

1. Length – 1286 mm;
2. Width – 935 mm;
3. Height – 1126 mm.

YaMZ-6581.10E3. This is an eight-cylinder diesel power plant with a V-shaped cylinder arrangement. The engine has a liquid cooling system and turbocharging, complemented by an intercooler for the charge air. In terms of environmental friendliness, YaMZ-6581.10E3 belongs to the Euro-3 class.

Characteristics of YaMZ-6581:

1. Working volume – 14.86 l;
2. Maximum power – 400 hp;
3. Cylinder diameter – 130 mm;
4. Piston stroke – 140 mm;
5. Maximum torque – 1766 N.m. (at 1100-1500 rpm);
6. Cooling is liquid.

Dimensions of YaMZ-6581:

1. Length – 1286 mm;
2. Width – 955 mm;
3. Height – 1136 mm.

YaMZ-6582. It is an eight-cylinder V-shaped engine that also runs on diesel fuel. From the factory it is equipped with direct fuel injection and a turbocharging system with intercooling of the charge air. In addition, the motor uses a liquid cooling system. YaMZ-6582 is available in two versions: the first one complies with Euro-3 environmental standards, while the second one meets Euro-4 standards. At the same time, their power indicators are the same.

Characteristics of YaMZ-6582:

1. Working volume – 14.86 l;
2. Maximum power – 330 hp;
3. Cylinder diameter – 130 mm;
4. Piston stroke – 140 mm;
5. Maximum torque – 1520 N.m. (at 1100-1300 rpm);
6. Cooling is liquid.

Dimensions of YaMZ-6582:

1. Length – 1425 mm;
2. Width – 1045 mm;
3. Height – 1100 mm.

Cummins ISLe360. This is a diesel six-cylinder power plant with an in-line arrangement of cylinders. This engine has turbocharging with subsequent cooling of the charge air and a CommonRail fuel system with an electronic control unit. Unlike all previous units, the Cummins ISLe360 engine is the most environmentally friendly, as it meets Euro 5 requirements.

Characteristics of Cummins ISLe360:

1. Working volume – 8.9 l;
2. Maximum power – 360 hp;
3. Cylinder diameter – 114 mm;
4. Piston stroke – 145 mm;
5. Maximum torque – 1550 N.m. (at 1400 rpm);
6. Cooling is liquid.

Dimensions of Cummins ISLe360:

1. Length – 1150 mm;
2. Width – 890 mm;
3. Height – 1020 mm.

Operational resource

All of the above engines are distinguished by their high reliability and large margin of safety. In addition to the fact that they are resistant to harsh operating conditions, they also have a fairly impressive service life of a million kilometers before major overhaul.

It is recommended to carry out engine maintenance every 30-50 thousand kilometers, depending on operating conditions.

Fuel tank

The standard version is equipped with a 500-liter fuel tank, but there are other modifications that already have a 200-liter tank.

Fuel consumption

The fuel consumption of the MAZ-6312 truck is on average 30-35 liters for every 100 kilometers. Under load, this figure can increase to 50 liters. It is worth noting that in addition to workload, other factors also affect fuel consumption, such as travel speed and ambient temperature.

checkpoint

The basic option is a 16-speed manual transmission brand 16S2520TO from the foreign manufacturer ZF. This gearbox is represented by a four-stage gearbox, a front two-stage divider and a range multiplier. The forward gears are engaged using synchronizers, while the reverse gear is engaged via a gear clutch.

The multiplier is planetary, and the divider is mechanical. The divider has cylindrical gears, a synchronizer and a pneumatic control drive.

Other modifications of the truck, depending on the installed engine, use the following transmission options:

1. Mechanical 9-speed gearbox JS135A from Shaanxi;
2. Mechanical 9-speed gearbox JS135TA9 from Shaanxi;
3. Mechanical 12-speed gearbox JS200TA12 from Shaanxi;
4. Manual 16-speed gearbox S2520TO from ZF;
5. Mechanical 14-speed gearbox JS200TA from Shaanxi.

All gearbox options are connected to the engine by a double-disc dry clutch equipped with a hydraulic release drive and a pneumatic booster. By the way, the clutch disc has peripheral springs.

Drive shafts with an intermediate support are responsible for transmitting torque to the drive axles.

Brake system

MAZ-6312 has several braking systems that operate independently of each other:

1. Working. The main elements of this system are drum brakes installed on all wheels. There are two brake linings inside each drum. Front and rear brakes use separate air circuits;
2. Auxiliary. This system is necessary to slow down the truck on long descents, since it does not use the brake mechanisms, but the engine and transmission. When turned on, a special damper closes the exhaust system circuit, which prevents the engine from gaining speed;
3. Parking lot. This system uses only the rear brakes. They are powered by spring energy accumulators. The parking brake is controlled by a special valve installed on the front panel in the cab;
4. Spare. Necessary for braking in case of failure of the main brakes. Energy accumulators and rear brake mechanisms are also used here. The parking system valve is responsible for controlling the spare brake, but only in an intermediate position.

In order to increase safety, the designers equipped this truck with systems such as ABS and ASR. The ESP system provides additional stability to the car.

Chassis

The frame design is in many ways reminiscent of its predecessors. There are also longitudinal spars and cross members that form the staircase structure. All frame elements are made of high-strength steel. Thanks to this, the truck can cope with extreme loads. A towing device is installed at the rear, allowing the truck to tow trailers and cars.

The front axle of the MAZ-6312 is connected to the frame by a dependent suspension. It contains semi-elliptic springs, double-acting hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers, and an anti-roll bar.

For the rear bogie, the designers used a different design, which includes a four-cylinder pneumatic system and an anti-roll bar.

As for the wheels, they are disc on all axles, equipped with pneumatic tires measuring 315/70R22.5.

The steering mechanism of this truck has a power cylinder, steering wheel, oil tank, hydraulic drives and rack. The design of the steering mechanism is highly reliable and maintainable. For additional convenience, the steering column can be adjusted in two planes.

dimensions

1. Total length – 9760 mm;
2. Full width – 2550 mm;
3. Total height – 4000 mm;
4. Wheelbase length – 4400 mm;
5. Rear bogie wheelbase length – 1400 mm;
6. Front track width – 2032 mm;
7. Rear track width – 1792 mm;
8. Ground clearance – 260 mm;
9. The length of the front overhang is 1400 mm.

Loading platform

1. Internal length – 7300 mm;
2. Internal width – 2480 mm;
3. Side height – 730 mm;
4. Tent height – 2450 mm;
5. Platform area – 20 sq.m.

Weight and load capacity

The curb weight of a standard truck is 12,300 kilograms (but in some modifications 11,750). The maximum load capacity of the structure can also vary and be 14050, 14280 or 14600 kilograms. In almost all cases, the total weight of the vehicle reaches 26,500 kilograms, of which 7,500 rests on the front axle and 19,000 on the rear bogie.

Power supply

The electrical network of the MAZ-6312 truck is made according to a single-wire circuit. The rated voltage of the on-board network is 24 Volts. Like other trucks, it uses two lead batteries connected in series. Each has a capacity of 190 Ampere-hours and a nominal voltage of 12 Volts. In addition, there is also a generator that produces a rated voltage of 28 Volts. In addition to powering the on-board network, the generator also recharges the batteries during operation.

Device

The design of the MAZ multi-lift truck is a successful combination of two main large elements - the vehicle base and multi-lift equipment.

The entire smoothly working system has the following internal features:

1. The use of the most powerful engines from YaMZ models, giving a power of 300-400 “horses”.
2. Three-axle chassis with 4 steered wheels (formula 6*).
3. Control of working equipment through the machine’s hydraulic system, allowing all movements to be performed as smoothly and accurately as possible.
4. The hook structure of the multilift system, which is a set of components:
   moving L-shaped beams made of high-strength profiles with fastenings for gripping loads;
5. hooks that grab the cargo (container) by special devices (brackets);
6. hydraulic drive to the vehicle's hydraulic system.
7. Equipping the truck frame with roller subframes with locking locks on which cargo (container) can be installed.

INTERESTING! The design of the units can be supplemented with a special support roller, the use of which will help reduce loads on the chassis when installing a load on the platform, eliminating the overweight towards the lift and the separation of the front axle of the machine from the supporting surface.

Peculiarities

The installed engines received a lot of flattering reviews. According to the owners, any of the offered engines has quite high power, excellent traction and resistance to harsh operating conditions. All this is also complemented by economical fuel consumption and an impressive service life of a million kilometers before major overhaul. It is worth noting that breakdowns are quite rare.

Although this truck was designed for use on asphalt surfaces, it has good cross-country ability on moderate mud and loose snow. Handling is also excellent, in all conditions.

On the modern market, the MAZ-6312 is a more affordable option, unlike its European-made counterparts. However, compared to them, the Belarusian truck requires more attention.

Flaws

Some owners weren't particularly happy with the truck's cab. Although it is modern and offers more comfortable working conditions compared to its predecessors, it still does not reach the level of its European analogues. And not only in terms of comfort, but also in terms of basic equipment.

Poor quality paintwork, weak brakes and unreliable electronics are often noted. By the way, various electronic malfunctions can appear on a new car.

Another weak side of the MAZ-6312 truck was the headlights. Headlights provide insufficient illumination in poor visibility conditions, and water often accumulates in them, which leads to various malfunctions.

Price

MAZ-6312 with zero mileage, depending on the version, may have different prices. For example, a universal chassis designed for installing any add-ons is available at a price starting from 4.1 million rubles.

Onboard modifications cost from 4.4 million rubles. In the same price category there are also versions with an awning frame. A grain truck can be purchased for an average of 5 million rubles. A refrigerated van is also available for the same price. A model with a tank truck will cost 5.1 million, and a truck equipped with a reinforced cargo platform (for transporting scrap metal) will cost 5.8 million.

On the secondary market, you can purchase a used MAZ-6312 at a cost ranging from 1.2 million to 3 million rubles. The price tag of such options is influenced by the year of manufacture, technical condition, mileage, as well as the type of installed superstructure.

The lineup

Belarusian multi-lifts of the MAZ brand provide the consumer with a choice of modifications based on different chassis models based on the load capacity, based on the customer’s needs.

6312v9

The model range with the index 6312B9 is a special unit with a lifting capacity of 20 tons, used for transporting heavy bulk cargo such as construction bulk waste or containers with a volume of up to 36 m3, while to ensure loading safety they are equipped with suspension locks or support rollers. Ideal for working in road trains and transporting compactors.

This group also includes modifications marked 6312v5 and 6312v7, which differ in the modification of the base chassis, but provide similar equipment performance characteristics.

Technical characteristics of the MAZ-6312v9 multilift:

Photo of a multilift based on MAZ 6312v9

6312a8

This model is characterized by the presence of a large percentage of cast parts in the nodes experiencing the greatest load, which gives it special wear resistance and operational reliability.

Currently discontinued, but remains in demand in many farms due to its high load resistance, productivity and relatively low cost.

Technical characteristics of model 6312a8:

In the video, the MAZ 6312a8 multilift in operation:

6312v3

MAZ-6312V3 is a universal cargo multi-lift, which includes bunkers of various capacities and directions of use. With the highest load capacity, it is characterized by a relatively low weight, which creates additional convenience in urban cargo transportation.

Parameters of the MAZ-6312v3 multilift:

Photo of multilift MAZ 6312v3

Reviews from owners and drivers

• I have been working on this tractor since 2015. The current mileage is only 72 thousand km. The car was purchased from an official dealer in Minsk. I was immediately offered updated headlights at a discount, but I shouldn’t have refused - water got into the standard headlights after only a week of use. After five months the reflectors peeled off. I tried to fix the problem with sealant, a hair dryer, etc., but it didn’t help. In short, in the end we had to install additional fog lights. I got the car in a very poor configuration - there wasn’t even air conditioning or electric mirrors. Admittedly, in the 21st century they might not save on this anymore. The engine thrust did not disappoint even with 20 tons of cargo. At the same time, fuel consumption in mixed mode reaches 42 liters per 100 km. At 3000 km the light came on. During the diagnostics, a malfunction of the USR valve was discovered - I repeat, this is already at the 3rd thousand! The dealer offered to make it Euro-2, but I refused. At the 15th thousand the cooling system began to fail. The hoses fell off twice and had to be replaced. Also, I heard clicking noises one day while driving cross-country. After inspection I didn’t find anything, but I assume it’s just springs. In general, there are plenty of shortcomings, including discomfort in the cabin, poor paint on the outside, tight electronics, weak and thin wires.
• I have two 6312 log trucks in my private household. One has been in operation for a year and a half, and the second is a little over two years old. There are plenty of factory problems, after all, this is Maz. The first car initially had defective front springs, but their replacement (including the rear ones) took place only a month later. The second car still has the original springs. The headlights are so lousy that it is putting it mildly. Not only do they shine poorly, but water also gets into them in an unprecedented way. In one car, the cartridge was overgrown with rust and began to short out. I installed a new headlight - oh how beautiful! – I thought to myself, but within a day it was already fogging up. One day, the speedometer of one car stopped working, and eventually the corresponding sensor had to be replaced. In winter, standard batteries need to be recharged frequently, since both timber trucks are parked outside. I liked the engine - it runs very well and is able to pull the car out of deep snow. In terms of cross-country ability, there are no complaints, although the 6312 is far from an all-terrain vehicle. The main thing is to put the car in good tires, with which the car drives more or less softly, even despite the hard “stool” seat. Handling by cargo standards is not satisfactory - it maintains its trajectory normally on any surface, but in cold weather there are problems due to the power steering. The cabin would be comfortable if the standard heater did its job. I had to install an independent heater on both cars.
• Maz 6312 is a good car, but not without its shortcomings. You just need to bring it to mind, and everything will be fine. Timely maintenance, regular monitoring of fluid levels, as well as the condition of the cabin and chassis - all this is the key to reliability. As the main source of income, this model is fully justified. In my case, the car paid for itself a long time ago. Fuel consumption is 38-43 liters depending on the load. The truck has a classic box-type cab - without any aerodynamics, which is why aerodynamic noise cannot be avoided, which increases in proportion to the increase in speed. The noise is added by the rattling diesel engine and the howling five-speed gearbox, which does not shine with its rate of fire - it is necessary to switch to a higher one without sudden movements, since there is a high probability of “missing”. In general, you need to “search” for the desired transmission. Vibrations are felt on the floor and the front panel, including on the steering wheel, which is large and has an awkward grip. The hydraulic booster does not help when you need to perform a sharp maneuver. As the speed increases, the steering wheel becomes heavier - it seems that this is how it should be, but on a high-speed highway the car tries to leave the given trajectory, which is why you have to steer, but you have to apply force because of the tightness of the steering wheel. The capricious suspension breaks over small things. In general, this car is unlikely to be suitable for drivers without “direct hands”.