Tractor trailer: step-by-step manufacturing instructions

Tractor trailer device

The design of the tractor cart consists of the following parts:

• Wheels and chassis;
• Frames (frame part);
• Flatbed body;
• The mechanism responsible for lifting the body;
• Tow hitch.

Based on their functional features, tractor trailers come in two types:

1. Single axle tractor trailer – popular models that are suitable for transporting bulk and semi-liquid materials;

2. Biaxial – for machines transporting heavy loads or bulk materials in large quantities.

   
   Depending on the type of trailed equipment, there are also two types of tractors:

3. The cart is a dump truck - the trailer is tilted by an automatic system. This type is simpler and more convenient. Unloading is performed by turning a special lever;

Forced tipping - the body is lifted by additional mechanical devices.

Trailer installation for tractor

Before you start creating your own trailer, it is important to know its structure and design features. Consists of the following parts:

• flatbed body;
• several wheels and chassis;
• base - metal frame;
• mechanism for lifting the body;
• trailed for connection to a tractor.

Also, depending on the scope of use and required characteristics, there are two types of trailers:

1. With one axis - the simplest and most popular model, especially relevant for transporting bulk or other materials;
2. With two axles - they have a powerful design and therefore allow you to transport heavy loads and materials.

Tractor functions

Any tractor must be able to perform several functional duties, because its work is aimed at farms and household plots. If you use attachments, the tractor is capable of:

• collect snow in winter;
• harvest in gardens, fields, farm plots;
• transport various cargoes;
• plow and cultivate the land.

And without a trailer, it can be impossible to complete such tasks, which means everyone who buys a tractor must take care of such equipment as a trailer. Using a dump trailer, you can easily perform tasks such as harvesting and unloading crops, transporting seedlings, transporting crops, building materials and much more.

How to make a trailer for a tractor

We recommend making single-axle trailers with your own hands; they are simple and do not require special costs or skills. The main stages of creation include:

1. Creating a drawing of the future, which is created based on indicators such as future application, load capacity, dimensions of each part, etc.;
2. Procurement of necessary materials - channels, steel sheets, pipes, wheels, plywood boards, running block. Try to choose good quality metal materials.
3. A frame is made, in which it is necessary to make a front yoke, attach fastenings for the central axis by welding and create a strong rear beam.
4. With the help of hinges and side members (side members), the base of the wheels is created. In this case, the axle is fixed to the frame.
5. Creation of the body. The main material will be sheet steel, which is selected of sufficient thickness and quality.
6. Making trailer equipment, during the work you need to create a balance between attaching the drawbar and the trailer frame.
7. Creation and installation of a tipping mechanism. It is extremely difficult to create it yourself, so you take a ready-made hydraulic cylinder and attach it to the body. Its task is to tip the body and dump the cargo. If desired, you can do without such a mechanism.
8. Running in the trailer is carried out by moving for a short time without loading the trailer.

An important step is the installation of wheels; an excellent advantage is that you can install wheels and even springs from various cars on a homemade trailer. But keep in mind that you need to install the wheels in the center of the trailer for an even load.

Video

DIY tractor trailer

Before you start making a trailer, you need to develop drawings and prepare consumables: metal sheets, channels, plywood, chassis block, metal pipes, two wheels with the same radius.

A homemade cart is made according to the instructions in seven stages. The first stage is organization and planning. It is necessary to develop drawings and lay the technical foundations for the future device.

If we take into account all the dimensional characteristics, we get a spacious and reliable tractor cart, which has a stable wheel configuration and a powerful frame.

List of required materials for the trailer:

• Sheet steel;
• Channel, preferably steel or other durable material;
• Sheets of plywood;
• Metal or aluminum pipes;
• Running block;
• Wheels of equal diameter;
• Electrical equipment;
• Grinder or metal saw;
• Fasteners and other elements for securing structural parts.

The presence of electric welding will simplify the process of manufacturing the trolley, and will also strengthen all structural elements.

Manufacturing process of key trailer parts

Scheme for creating a homemade cart:

1. Trailer frame. Design: front traverse, powerful rear beam, central axis, which strengthens the plate blade. For the manufacture of these elements, pipes with a diameter of 0.4 meters are suitable, which are connected by welding. The welded block will be static and motionless during movement when using channel side spars. It is better to reinforce the connections of the side members and the rear beam with gussets for greater structural strength;
2. Wheel base. When designing, a steel rod with a diameter of 0.35 meters can protrude beyond the axis. The wheel base is attached to the frame by longitudinal hinges or supports from the corners;
3. Body. Can be made of wood if suitable timber is available. But a more reliable option for containing heavy soils is metal or steel sheets. The dimensions of the body are determined individually and depend on the volume of work performed and the weight of the cargo. A wooden trailer requires high-quality solid planks. They are mounted on a metal base. The edges of the cart are secured to maintain balance;
4. Connection of structural elements. Once all the key parts are ready, you can start connecting them. The frame must be positioned horizontally. Otherwise, the mount is balanced to withstand high friction and vibration during tractor operation;
5. Lifting component. It is better to use a ready-made lift as a hydraulic cylinder. To connect to the frame block, you need a strut (under a truncated triangle). The upper stop (a regular steel circle is welded) is connected to the body frame. The hose is connected to the hydraulic drive of the unit itself;
6. Run-in. The finished device must be checked to ensure that it is as reliable, functional and safe as possible during use. First, the trailer must be run in without any load. If no problems arise, tests can be carried out with an initially small mass.

A homemade trailer is suitable for various equipment, including the MTZ 1221 tractor. To make and use the cart easier, it is worth watching a special video on the topic.

How to make a homemade trailer for a mini tractor with your own hands?

First you need to select the type of cart, its carrying capacity and size. Drawings are useful, which greatly facilitates the execution of construction work.

Manufacturing a single axle trailer

1. The frame and crossbar are constructed. Pipe joints are connected using welding.
2. Wheelbase installation. A single-axle cart requires two wheels; they are attached to the frame using side members and a steel rod.
3. Body installation. Boards or metal plates must be secured to the frame structure.
4. Installation of a hinged mount for coupling with a tractor.

Creating a two-axis system

A more complex design requires more installation work. A biaxial cart has two axles, which are made of durable metal pipes. You also need to use four wheels, which are installed in pairs.

A four-wheel trailer makes it possible to transport bulky cargo.

Features of making a homemade cart

First of all, before directly assembling the tractor trailer, the manufacturer will need to study detailed diagrams, which should indicate the dimensions of the parts used, as well as the order and method of their installation in the overall structure.

The drawings indicate that the tractor cart should consist of several parts.

Their list includes:

• frame – the main strength element;
• chassis, including wheelbase;
• body;
• lifting part;
• a drawbar with which the trailer will be attached to a utility tractor.

Description of the technique

Mini tractors seem to be a popular unit that allows you to carry out many types of work. To expand the functionality of the device, additional equipment is widely used. One of its varieties can be considered a dump trailer for a mini tractor, which can be used to transport various loads. This is especially true given the power of most models of this type of equipment, which allows them to be used for cargo transportation over short distances. Such a device will become indispensable for farmers who have to deal with impressive volumes of crops, building materials and any other items.

A trailer is necessary for transporting various cargoes

The unit has an extremely simple design that allows you to make it yourself. Its main elements are:

• body with sides;
• wheelbase;
• frame;
• lifting mechanism;
• tow hitch used to connect to a mini tractor.

It should be noted that existing homemade trailers differ in the number of axles. Single-axle devices are the simplest to manufacture and are suitable for transporting bulk cargo over short distances. Biaxial models are a more complex device, but have increased load capacity and reliability.

Specifications

The actual parameters of such devices may differ significantly from each other and directly depend on the chosen model, as well as the drawings used. The type of wheels used, the materials used, the dimensions of the device, the number of axles, and many other factors are of great importance.

Do-it-yourself tractor trailer - step-by-step assembly

In order for the dump cart to be balanced and strong enough, during its manufacture you need to follow the correct procedure.

The assembly algorithm should look like this:

1. First of all, the manufacturer must make a reliable supporting frame. Its design should include a front traverse, a stable central axis with reinforcement in the form of a plate blade, as well as a powerful rear beam. For the manufacture of each of the frame elements, thick pipes are suitable, the cross-section of which must be at least 25 cm. Welding is used to fasten the pipes. To prevent the structure from swaying during movement in the future, it needs to be strengthened with spars made from channel bars and installed on the sides. You will need to install gussets where the side members and rear beam are attached - they will make the tractor trailer more resistant to vibration when driving off-road;
2. Then you need to start assembling the wheelbase. Its standard axle is best made in the form of a metal rod with a diameter of approximately 30–35 cm. After this, the axle will need to be attached to the supporting frame using longitudinal hinges, side metal spars or supports made from angle steel. A homemade cart made in this way will be able to successfully transport not only crops, but also various building materials;

3. Next you need to move on to assembling the body. It can be made from thick boards or sheet steel. The second option will allow you to transport heavier loads. You need to attach the metal to an ordinary corner, which plays the role of a base. You will need to attach the sides of the cart using the same method. Thanks to this, the homemade structure will not warp during sharp turns;
4. At the next stage, you need to move on to the manufacture of the trailing mechanism. It is best to assemble a drawbar, which will fit into a special canvas during operation of the trailer. It is important that the supporting frame of the cart is in an ideal horizontal position. If it is broken, then the tractor cart mount will need to be adjusted. Otherwise, the structure will not be able to withstand the friction and intense vibration that the agricultural machine creates during movement;

5. Then you need to assemble the trailer lifting mechanism. It must be based on a hydraulic cylinder capable of tilting the cart by 50⁰. To connect the lift to the frame, the manufacturer will need to assemble a strut that follows the shape of a truncated triangle. To make it, a channel is suitable, on top of which a stop should be attached - it can be made from a cut metal sheet. To operate the lifting mechanism, you will need to connect pipes to the hydraulic drive of the tractor. The video will tell you more about making a homemade trailer.

The finished tractor cart will need to be coated with a layer of primer and several layers of paint applied. This will protect the metal parts of the structure from the formation of rust and rot.

Features of operating a homemade cart

In order for the cart to withstand intensive use and serve its owner for as long as possible, you must follow the rules for its use.

To do this, the user needs:

• Constantly monitor the reliability of fixation of fasteners. It must be remembered that even when moving on a flat road, the tractor creates vibration, which is transmitted through the lifting mechanism to the supporting frame of the trailer. Because of this, the bolts eventually turn out and fall out of their regular places. This can cause the cart to lose rigidity and cause cracks or deformations in the body. To prevent this from happening, you need to check the reliability of fasteners before each trip to the field;
• Inspect the trailer regularly for rust and rot. If pockets of corrosion are not eliminated in time, they will spread further over time. This will lead to disruption of the metal structure, as a result of which it will begin to crumble. To prevent this, you need to regularly tint the metal parts of the supporting frame and body of a homemade cart;

• Try to avoid overloading the tractor trailer. If you carry more weight on a cart than it can support, then this threatens to upset the balance and loss of structural rigidity. Over time, the trailer will skew to one side and it will be impossible to transport cargo on it, especially bulk cargo;
• control the pressure in the hydraulic pipes - a sharp drop or surge in pressure in the system will lead to the inability of the trailer to rise for unloading. This can happen at any inopportune moment, so the user should check the air pressure in the tubes and their integrity before each time they leave the house.

Comparison of homemade and factory trailers

You can buy a factory semi-trailer or a dump trailer. Trailers for mini tractors are sold in all cities of Russia. It's just the price that may disappoint you. The cheapest type costs 10 thousand rubles, not to mention the design with a lifting mechanism.

Why spend money when you can make a reliable and durable trailer for your equipment with your own hands. You just have to have the materials necessary for the business and, most importantly, the desire. By the way, if you have not decided on the choice of the tractor itself, then a reliable assistant for working on agricultural land is the Belarus MTZ tractor. This brand of manufacturer differs from others in its quality and durability. The price may be higher than average, but the characteristics are not inferior to other devices.

In order not to get confused in the choice, it is necessary to take into account the parameters described above. The choice is always yours, but remember that with your own hands you can make a more reliable and high-quality product than what is available on trading platforms.

Tools and materials

In order to choose the right materials and tools for the job, you must first determine how large the load on the trailer will be. Periodically hauling in a few bags of fertilizer or crops is one thing, but delivering large quantities of manure or equipping a trailer with a dump body is another matter entirely. Steel pipes are usually used to make the frame. The tubular structures will need to be connected using a welding machine.

Additionally, an axle is used on which the wheels removed from the walk-behind tractor are selected.

As practice shows, other wheels on trailers for mini-tractors do not work well. Two-axle trailers are more difficult to manufacture. This design will require more welding work, so you will have to prepare more electrodes of various sizes. For bodies, it is recommended to use metal rather than plastic.

Metal products are especially good if you plan to drive on forest roads, off-road, and along the banks of rivers or lakes. The wooden bodies of mini-tractors will definitely disappoint any hunter and fisherman. Even special coatings will not particularly increase their resistance to bad weather. The best options are definitely aluminum and thin steel sheets. Important: it is recommended to paint the metal with corrosion-resistant paint.

DIY making

Assembling a trailer on a mini tractor seems to be a fairly simple task that can be completed with a minimum set of materials and tools. Single-axle models can be considered the easiest to assemble, but a dump cart for a mini tractor has wider functionality.

Be sure to read: Tractor from Loise

Blueprints

Before proceeding directly to assembly, the craftsman needs to study the drawings and dimensions of the trailer of the selected model, which will allow him to avoid errors in manufacturing. If desired, the master can make the necessary changes to them, guided by the tools and materials available.

Tractor trailer drawing

Required materials and tools

For successful assembly, the master will need a standard set of tools, as well as a welding machine, an angle grinder and a drill with a set of drills. As the basis for the future trailer, you will need to use steel pipes and sheets, the parameters of which depend on the intended design of the product.

It is strongly recommended to use only high-quality materials with a minimum degree of wear during the manufacturing process, this will ensure a long service life of the finished device.

For self-assembly you will also need a plywood board and a running unit. You can make it yourself, but it will be much easier to take a ready-made bridge from an old vehicle, for example, a VAZ. If you plan to make a dump truck model, you need to think about the design of the mechanism that tilts the body . It can be manual or mechanized, depending on the available materials.

Assembly order

Before starting assembly, it is strongly recommended that you obtain drawings to guide you during the work. After the master is convinced of the availability of the necessary materials and tools, he will need to adhere to the simplest algorithm of actions:

1. Weld the frame using metal pipes. Particular attention should be paid to the crossbars, which should significantly increase the strength of the structure.
2. Using a welding machine, build stands for the seat.
3. Install the bridge and wheels onto the structure. The choice of the latter should be taken responsibly, since the cross-country ability of the product directly depends on their parameters and tread pattern.
4. Install the second axle using a similar principle (for biaxial models).
5. Cover all structural elements with protective compounds to avoid their damage when exposed to precipitation.

Be sure to read: Minitractor MTZ 082

A tipper model with a manual mechanism will require the use of an L-shaped element, when pulled out, the device will tip over on its own under the influence of the gravity of the load. For the mechanized version, it is recommended to use a jack, winch, hydraulic units or similar devices.

It will be necessary to pay due attention to the unit that will be used for coupling with tractor equipment. For this purpose, you will need to weld a strong beam to the trailer, at one end of which you will need to place a towbar suitable for the model of minitractor used.

To increase the service life of a home-made unit, it is recommended to implement the mount in such a way that it allows the trailer to move not only in the horizontal, but also in the vertical direction. This will avoid deformation when moving along uneven sections of roads, various holes and potholes. The final stage of manufacturing is checking the functionality of the trailer.

How to do it yourself?

A high-quality homemade trailer for a mini-tractor should:

• be durable;
• have a relatively small mass;
• match the load-carrying capacity of the tractor's traction force;
• have high ground clearance;
• be equipped with wide wheel axles.

If the axles are not wide enough, it will be almost impossible to drive on a bad road. Experts advise starting the manufacture of a trailer by welding the frame parts. It will become a supporting frame. Both round and rectangular pipes are used for work. Their minimum diameter is 400 mm.

Important: joints are made only by welding, other types of connections are not allowed.

After this, the wheelbase is created. The axis is most often a steel rod, the diameter of which is at least 350 mm.

The rod must be attached to the frame using:

• side spars;
• longitudinal hinges;
• corner type supports.

This solution allows for increased load capacity. It becomes possible to move not only the harvested crop, seed, but also the following types of cargo:

• fertilizers;
• heavy waste;
• priming;
• building materials.

The bodies are usually made from boards. Their height is selected individually. It is best if the width of the boards is proportional to the height, then there is no need to divide them into parts. The wood is pre-dried. It is recommended to attach boards with steel corners, because such a connection is the most durable and stable. The wheels should be positioned strictly in the middle. This is extremely important for driving safety. It is imperative to take care of a reliable connection with the mini-tractor itself. Experts note that the best option is an articulated drawbar inserted into a special tubular body.

A safety unit is mounted on top; if it is not there, then the connection may collapse from any shock.

But protection is not as simple as it seems. It is the connection between the tractor and the trailer that is subject to very strong vibrations. And the friction force in this place is enormous. Therefore, you should not rush - both during design and assembly. When connecting parts together, you need to act as carefully as possible.

Experts even advise working together. What one person does not notice, a partner will almost certainly discover. After finishing the work, it is necessary to check its quality. Be sure to double-check how reliable all the nodes are, how tightly they are connected by hinges. The bolt ties should also be checked. The assembled trailer is first run in without load, lapping the parts. As you can see, there is nothing complicated in this scheme. However, we must remember that structural elements are made only from new metal.

If they use old parts, then only after making sure that they are free of rust and other defects.

It is advisable to treat all exposed surfaces with oil paint. This is a completely affordable and, moreover, very effective protective agent. But the simplest trailers for mini-tractors do not always solve the problem. Often you have to make a dump unit. It differs from a conventional trailer in the presence of a mechanism that raises the body as needed. Such trailers have proven themselves well when moving bulk cargo, firewood, and so on. The best lifting mechanism is driven by a hydraulic cylinder.

When studying ready-made drawings and dimensions or designing a trailer yourself, you need to take into account the required load capacity. The number of axes directly depends on it. Single-axle carts always have a chassis without springs. Delivered cargo can be unloaded either strictly backwards, or also to the left and right. It depends on what goals the farmer sets and how it is more convenient to work.

How to make a trailer for a mini-tractor with your own hands

First you need to decide what kind of agricultural work a trailer or homemade cart for a mini tractor will perform. You can simply transport various loads, or you can transport manure and unload it using a dump truck. Making the first option won’t be too difficult, but the second one will have to tinker. There is no need to rush, you need to immediately do it efficiently and thoughtfully. First you need to draw diagrams. A homemade cart or other types of trailers and tractor equipment will be manufactured according to the drawings. It is worth considering that the tow hitch must have good load capacity and light weight. Then you should determine what kind of trailer to the tractor will be - two-axle or single-axle.

Let's look at how to make a single-axle trailer for a mini tractor with your own hands:

1. First you need to weld the frame and the reinforcing crossbar.
2. It is better to make all connecting elements and pipe joints by welding. This will ensure the reliability and strength of the structure.
3. Then you need to weld the seat posts from pipes of a smaller cross-section.
4. Now let's decide on the choice of wheels. Since the product has 1 axle, 2 wheels are required.
5. It is better to take wheels for walk-behind tractors. They fit perfectly in diameter and have a reliable composition. With a reinforced tread, the tractor will be able to perform more complex types of loads and drive on bad roads without subjecting the tires to punctures.

But making a homemade two-axle trailer for a tractor is a little more difficult than a single-axle one, because a cart with 2 axles requires more welding and installation work. The frame can be made as for a single-axle trailer. With such a vehicle, if you are a fisherman, you can transport a boat.

A two-axle trailer has a more reliable design, since it has 2 axles and 2 pairs of wheels, so it has a larger load capacity.

Also, the weight of the transported cargo is distributed evenly on it.

Let's consider the requirements for the body. There are no strict correspondences at this point, but there is a choice. A body made of metal is more durable and reliable. But a wooden body will get wet in bad weather and collapse, even if it is treated with special anti-corrosion coatings. You can choose another material, but aluminum and thin sheet steel are best suited. They are very durable, can withstand heavy loads and are resistant to corrosion. Next you need to weld the sides for the trailer.

It is necessary to paint the entire frame and body, making it more protected and reliable. The paint should be chosen taking into account the material. If you choose wood, then the paint should be for wood products. Color, of course, does not play an important role, but dark paint attracts heat, which is not necessary for a tractor. But a light-colored trailer for a mini-tractor will be just right, because it repels the sun's rays.

Important Technical characteristics of the Hyundai HD 65 truck

Tractor trailer: step-by-step manufacturing instructions

Walk-behind tractors, tractors and mini-tractors are indispensable assistants for modern rural residents and farmers. Very often, a tractor in a subsidiary farm plays the role of a vehicle and a loader. To transport goods comfortably and safely, you need a trailer, which is often expensive.

If you have the necessary materials and tools, you can easily and quickly make a homemade tractor trailer yourself. We will tell you how to make a homemade tractor cart below.