KamAZ-5320 is a legendary truck produced by the Kama Automobile Plant, which became one of the first models of the leading Russian manufacturer of trucks. The car belongs to the heavy class, and its design provides for the addition of various coupling devices, for example the GKB-8385 brand. The main purpose of the vehicle is to transport construction and industrial goods over long distances. The model has also proven itself well in economic activities.
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General information
Production of the legendary truck began in 1968. Soviet designers built enormous potential into the car, which made it possible to avoid restyling for several decades. And only in 2000 the manufacturer decided to update the truck. Moreover, this was not a deep modernization, but minor cosmetic changes. On the one hand, this is a very modest approach by modern standards. But on the other hand, the truck’s potential is quite enough if the vehicle is used in certain areas. In other words, the car cannot be called universal. This can explain the presence of many modifications based on the KamAZ-5320.
For example, there is a version 5320, ideal for transporting goods in severe frosty conditions. The production of a long-haul tractor designed to handle cargo over long distances was also launched. And yet, there is one circumstance that unites all modifications of the KamAZ-5320 - it is excellent adaptability to Russian conditions, because the machine was originally designed for our country. Later, 5320 found its application in foreign markets. To be more precise, at one time the KamAZ-5320 was supplied to more than 40 countries, and thanks to this it earned a worldwide reputation. Naturally, the design of the truck had to be modified based on the needs and climatic characteristics of a particular country.
Models of KamAZ vehicles based on chassis 5320
The KamAZ 5320 is a three-axle flatbed tractor-trailer with a 6x4 wheel arrangement. Despite the fact that the model was rightfully considered the most successful, in order to increase the functionality of the vehicle based on the 5320 chassis, other vehicles for cargo transportation were developed:
- KamAZ 551 dump truck - has good maneuverability, resistance to different climatic conditions, unloading takes little time;
- extended tractor 5325 - a two-axle vehicle used primarily for work with a trailer of the same size;
- medium-duty truck 53212 - considered an extended version of KamAZ 5320;
- KamAZ 5410 truck tractor - a design that includes a fifth-wheel coupling mechanism with two degrees of freedom.
The basic model 5320, like all types of cars created on its basis, is widely used in various industries: agriculture, construction, mining sites, for transporting cargo of various volumes, etc.
Design and cabin
The truck has an original design. In fact, the vehicle has the first version of the cabin, from which the large-scale pedigree of all subsequent KamAZ vehicles began. Distinctive features of the cabin are a classic radiator grille with horizontal stripes, a split windshield with a central pillar, round headlights, side collars, and a metal bumper that is installed independently of the body.
The cabin is equipped with all the necessary instruments and indicators, with the help of which the driver receives information about the technical condition of the truck. The ergonomics of the workplace are performed at the highest level. We also note good visibility, comfortable seats, large side mirrors, convenient instrument dials and switches.
KamAZ-5320 is equipped with an all-metal cargo platform with the function of opening the side sides for easy unloading and loading from any side. The surface of the platform is wooden. It is possible to install an awning that will ensure the safety of the cargo in rainy weather.
The car in question has a wide range of parts that can be found both in KamAZ brand stores and in the secondary market. To all this we add an extensive dealer network. A well-studied truck design allows you not to worry once again about the reliability of the vehicle.
Peculiarities
The truck's cabin is located above the power unit, looks compact, is spacious inside, equipped with a high roof, the necessary set of instruments and an adjustable driver's seat.
If it is necessary to repair the engine, you will have to raise the cabin yourself, since this model is not equipped with a specialized hydraulic drive.
There is some vibration when driving, but the suspension has not undergone major changes. The engine runs quite quietly, which allows you to talk inside the cabin without raising your voice.
Specifications
Dimensions and load capacity
The truck turned out to be quite large, and in terms of its dimensions it was superior to many foreign analogues. Thus, the length of the model is 7435 mm, and the height and width reach 3350 and 2500 mm, respectively. As you can see, the vehicle has impressive dimensions, which made it possible to install a platform with a record carrying capacity. Thus, according to official data, the maximum load capacity of the KamAZ-5320 is 8 tons, of which 45% falls on the front axle, and the remaining 55% loads the rear wheels. The capacity of the additional trailer reaches 8 tons. Let's pay attention to the record volume of the wheelbase of 3190 mm, as well as the minimum turning radius of 9300 mm.
When equipped, the tractor weighs about 7080 kg. If we take into account the truck, flatbed and additional trailer, in this case the total weight of the vehicle reaches 26,500 kg. Moreover, the truck is capable of climbing slopes at a 30 percent angle.
The dynamic parameters of the truck meet the standards of the 1970s - 1980s. According to the test data, after 700 meters the truck accelerates to 50 km/h, and the braking distance from 60 km/h is 36.7 meters. When fully loaded, the car accelerates to 80 km/h.
Engine
For KamAZ-5320, a 4-stroke diesel KamAZ-740.10 is provided. All eight cylinders are V-shaped. In addition, the unit is equipped with closed injectors, a speed regulator with operating modes, a dry air filter with a clogging indicator, and a fuel injection advance clutch. Moreover, over time, the design was supplemented with a filter element with the possibility of replacing it, as well as an EFU (electric torch device) and a PZD-30 pre-heater.
The engine has a displacement of 10.8 liters, develops 154 horsepower and a torque of 637 N/m. The diameter of the cylinders is 120 mm.
Fuel consumption
The first versions of the KamAZ-5320 were distinguished by their high gluttony and toxicity even by the standards of the 1970s. However, the power unit was gradually modernized, and as a result of the modifications, the car began to meet the required standards. Moreover, according to this indicator, the truck could compete with foreign analogues of those years of production. Most reviews from car owners also confirm that making design changes to the fuel system had a beneficial effect on efficiency. As a result, the truck's average fuel consumption dropped to an acceptable 34 liters per 100 km.
It is noteworthy that the KamAZ-5320 is already supplied from the factory with two fuel tanks with a capacity of 250 and 175 liters. This provides a large range, which is very important when transporting large loads over long distances, without refueling.
Design Features
The chassis of the KamAZ-5320 has high braking efficiency due to its six-wheel configuration. An even greater braking effect was achieved thanks to a pneumatic dual-circuit drive, which is responsible for controlling the rear and front wheels independently of each other. To do this, the driver just needs to dose the force on the foot lever, which is connected to the brake valve mechanically.
Efficient operation of the crankshaft, including its high torque, is achieved through the presence of a high-performance truck axle gearbox. This feature provides an ideal ratio of the number of drive gears to the teeth of the driven gear connection. In other words, this design improves the traction characteristics of the car in the simplest way.
KamAZ-5320 received a transmission consisting of two gearboxes - the main five-speed manual transmission, as well as a two-stage divider. This solution is more efficient compared to conventional speed controllers. The advantage of this system is the presence of additional forward and reverse gears. By the way, some of the main stages have their own synchronizer.
In addition, the transmission includes a double-disc clutch, which has proven itself in the truck industry. The clutch has a frictional principle of operation, and the clutch is activated at the moment when the hydraulic pneumatic booster comes into operation, which, in turn, is controlled by peripheral springs. Two shafts combined in a cardan drive are responsible for the operation of the middle and rear axles.
The frame design of KamAZ-5320 has a special production technology. To ensure high quality, standard stamping and riveting techniques are used during the manufacturing process. The strength of the frame is provided by two spars with a channel type section. Stable connection of the side members is achieved due to cross bars. The front part of the frame has special hooks necessary for towing. The hooks are made of durable rubber material. Due to this, it was possible to achieve double-sided depreciation of the cabin.
KamAZ-5320 requires timely and regular maintenance. Thus, technical maintenance is carried out every 100 kilometers, and the mileage before a full maintenance is 8 thousand kilometers. As part of maintenance, specialists carry out diagnostics of all components and assemblies in order to understand the cause and source of possible malfunctions. In general, the design of the truck is simple and reliable, but requires increased maintenance.
Transmission unit
The KamAZ-53215 vehicle, the photo of which is presented below, uses a manual gearbox with a divider (multiplier). The unit is designed for operation in extreme conditions. By and large, the truck has two gearboxes. One of them is a dividing type and is located between the main unit and the clutch system. The drive is switched to it only in case of low engine speed in second speed or when there is a lack of power in third position.
The main gearbox is equipped with ten modes with an axle ratio of 7.22 units. In addition, there are duplicate indicators that are used using a divisor. The presence of a multiplier reduces wear on the power unit and also increases operating comfort and dynamics. The disc clutch is operated by a hydraulic drive equipped with a pneumatic booster. In some modifications, this unit contains two friction-type discs without an oil bath.
Prices in Russia
KamAZ-5320 can now only be found on the supported market, since its production ended in the early 2000s. This model has been replaced by more modern analogues. Despite this, model 5320 is in high demand due to its affordable price. Moreover, today the KamAZ-5320 has fallen in price to such a level that even the most affordable imported truck can no longer compare with it. Moreover, this applies not only to price, but also towing characteristics, load capacity, off-road capabilities, etc.
A KamAZ-5320 in good condition costs between 150 and 500 thousand rubles. Cheaper copies will have to be modified and undergo major repairs. In addition, the final price may depend on the configuration.
You can rent a KamAZ-5320 for 1000-1500 rubles per hour.
Among the analogues to the legendary truck can be considered the ZIL-170, which also left the assembly line in 2000. In fact, this car served as the prototype for the creation of the KamAZ-5320.
Test Drive
The first launch of the tested KamAZ-53215 grain truck with a trailer was a pleasant surprise. In the cold season, there was no noticeable exhaust (neither oily nor black) at the start. The pressure in the system is brought to normal, after which the KamAZ starts moving. This takes a couple of minutes. The quality of updated cars from the manufacturer on the banks of the Kama has noticeably improved. During the tests, movement to the nearest gas station was carried out only on the top row of the divider. When leaving the gas station, it was decided to connect the lower position, but it turned out that not everything was so simple.
Even after holding the clutch and a temporary pause, the car did not want to move. I had to do certain manipulations with the divider regulator and transmission pedal. After this, the truck “came to life”, which indicates the high quality of the engine, but not very good assembly of the working units.
In an unloaded state, the car performed very well. The cabin has good noise insulation, allowing you to carry on a conversation without raising your voice. The vehicle demonstrated decent dynamics both on straight sections of the road and on hills. There are some problems in terms of vibration, which is not surprising since no special improvements have been made to this part. Although KamAZ-53215 is inferior to foreign competitors in a number of indicators, its reasonable price compensates for these shortcomings. The cost of the car starts from 1.8 million rubles.
During overclocking, it became necessary to activate the divider. At a shutter speed of 1.5 seconds, there were practically no problems with gear shifting. As practice shows, on climbs I would like to reduce this figure somewhat. During dyno testing, the truck's top speed decreased slightly, and fuel consumption increased.
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Engine
KamAZ 5320 is equipped with 4-stroke V-shaped diesel units (YaMZ and KamAZ). The first models used engines with unique design solutions, including a full-flow oil filtration system and a nitrided crankshaft. The cooling system was controlled automatically by 2 thermostats and a fluid coupling in the fan drive.
The cooling system itself was of a closed type with constant use of coolant. The design of the diesel engine also included a dry-type filter for air purification and closed-type nozzles. Other innovations included a molybdenum-coated piston ring, removable sintered valve guides, and an active-reactive muffler. The motor was also equipped with an electric torch device, and in some modifications a pre-heater was installed.
- working volume – 10.85 l;
- rated power - 210 hp;
- number of cylinders – 8.
Loading platform
KamAZ-53205 is produced both as a universal chassis and as a flatbed truck. In the latter case, a metal loading platform with folding sides is installed on the frame. In some configurations, the platform can be supplemented with an awning frame, which protects the transported cargo from external factors.
The platform has a length of 5200 millimeters and a width of 2320. The height of the sides is 500 millimeters.
In addition to it, add-ons such as:
- Dump body;
- Concrete mixer;
- Truck crane;
- Tank truck;
- Crane-manipulator installations;
- Leosovoz;
- Grain truck;
- Log carrier;
- Feed loaders;
- Shift bus.
Appearance
The truck is a road train with a GKB 8350 trailer. One of the main technical characteristics of the KamAZ 5320 is its record carrying capacity. The capacity of the machine itself is 8 tons, the same amount can be transported in a trailer. Thus, the maximum permitted cargo weight for KamAZ 5320 is 16 tons.
The car body has a smooth surface. The back and side walls can be opened if necessary. This makes it possible to load and unload materials from either side. In order to protect the cargo as much as possible from any environmental influences, the body can be covered with a special protective awning during transportation.
Truck interior
The cabin accommodates three people. One seat is allocated for the driver, two for passengers (usually the second driver and the repairman). There is no sleeping place. The cabin has excellent sound insulation and protection from other external influences.
At the beginning of its production, Kamaz-5320 was one of the safest tractors in relation to the driver and passengers. Durable belts secure the position of people in the cabin, which protects them from injury in the event of an accident. The driver's seat can be adjusted to suit his weight: it is equipped with a soft cushion and backrest, the position of which can be easily adjusted.
The vehicle dashboard is equipped with the necessary indicators and system. Interaction with them allows the driver to constantly monitor the technical condition of the car. All buttons and indicators are located in close proximity to the driver, which is convenient while driving.
