Category: TRACTORS
- History of the T-70
- Specifications
- Engine
- Gearbox and clutch
- Chassis and steering
- Cabin
- Attachment system
- Modifications
- Operating experience
The universal crawler tractor T 70 (more precisely T-70S) of the 2-ton class is designed for row-crop work. The technical characteristics of the T 70 tractor made it effective for plowing, harrowing, cultivating, and processing vineyards. The tractor is designed for a variety of attachments and trailed units.
Widespread use, combined with a large number of technical borrowings from the wheeled prototype, has led to the fact that the T70 tractors are often referred to as the tracked “Belarus”.
History of the T-70
The first samples of the T 70 tracked tractor left the assembly line in 1974; production was discontinued in 2008 due to obsolescence. The MTZ-80 tractor was used as a prototype, converted to caterpillar tracks. Some technical solutions and units are entirely borrowed from the T-50 and T-54 tracked models previously produced by the plant. The development of the tractor was carried out with the technical assistance of specialists from Kharkov, Minsk and Altai.
Interesting! The T70 tractor is distinguished by a technically well-developed and simple design, safety margins, good build quality, availability of spare parts, their unification with other models, technical ease of repair without contacting specialized workshops. This has led to the fact that the tractor continues to be widely used on farms ten years after the end of serial production.
Advantages and disadvantages
According to reviews from owners, vehicles based on the T-70 have the following advantages:
- increased traction (compared to wheeled vehicles of similar sizes);
- versatility;
- ability to work on soft or marshy soil;
- low fuel consumption;
- unification of engine and transmission with MTZ-80;
- careful work with the surface layer of soil due to low ground pressure.
Disadvantages of cars:
- rapid wear of track tracks;
- breakdowns of final drives and deformation of suspension elements;
- poor stability due to high altitude;
- a large glass area leads to heating of the cabin in hot weather;
- hard suspension.
Specifications
The T 70 tracked tractor, the technical characteristics of which correspond to its purpose, has overall dimensions of 3334 × 1652 × 2973 mm. With such parameters, for a developed traction force of 2 tons, the tractor is considered to be quite compact.
- The track is 1355 mm with a ground clearance of 456 mm.
The relatively low weight of the T 70 tractor (about 4050 kg) provides a technical specific pressure slightly above 0.7 kg/cm2 (small for tracked vehicles), allowing operation on soft soils.
- The tractor speed can vary from 4.8 to 11.3 km/h.
Tractor | Topic author: Eryl
The development of the T-150K tractor in the 20th century became a real breakthrough in tractor construction. The first tractor of this model was produced at the Kharkov Tractor Plant. Creating this model required a large amount of resources, both physical and mental. After all, very qualified engineers worked on the creation, the leader among them was Boris Pavlovich Kashuba. Development of the project began with the name “T-150”. As a result, in 1971 the first T-150K tractor rolled off the assembly line. Moreover, the plant produced a very small batch - only 500 pieces.
It was very difficult to develop and release such a tractor for sale. The fact is that in 1971 there was not a single world analogue of the T-150K; there were no competitors. On the other hand, it was not entirely clear how to use such tractors in practice.
After the release of a trial batch of 500 machines, it became clear that such a model was needed in agriculture. However, it required quite serious modifications. The next batch was produced in 1972 in the amount of 4,000 tractors, and were sold almost immediately.
As a result, in the Soviet Union, T-150K tractors began to be very actively used in agriculture. Every year the production of these machines increased. The tractor performed very well when plowing large areas of land, and it also showed its versatility and reliability.
From an engineering point of view, this model was also very valuable. The T-150K has undergone a huge number of modifications, the creation of variations, etc. Bulldozers, snowplows and much more were made at its base. There are models with tracks.
The Kharkov plant worked not only for the domestic market of the USSR. A large number of copies were sold to other countries, including the USA. Everyone was amazed by the technical characteristics and the possibility of using the T-150K tractor.
The T-150K tractor was equipped with SMD-60 and SMD-62 diesel engines. The SMD-60 engine was installed on tracked models, and the SMD-62 engine on wheeled models. The engines differ little. There is only a slight difference in power.
Tags: Conversion of the T 70 tractor to wheels
Engine
Important! Regardless of the modification, the functions of the power unit are performed by a 4-cylinder, 4-stroke, 72-horsepower diesel engine D-241 water-cooled from the Minsk Tractor Plant with a displacement of 4.76 liters. The technical maximum crankshaft speed of the power unit is 2100 rpm.
Diesel runs stably on low-quality diesel fuel without significant loss of power. Provided quite good for the 70s. specific fuel consumption less than 200 g/hp.
The engine was started on early tractors from a gasoline starter unit, then an electric starter was installed, which made it possible not to leave the cab.
Important! At temperatures below -5 degrees, it is advisable to use a pre-start heater (unit type P16).
Device
The spar semi-frame acts as the load-bearing basis of the tractor. The caterpillar part is presented in the form of a caterpillar mover. It consists of a tensioning mechanism, balancers and support rollers. The drive sprocket and track chain should also be added here. The inner surface of the chains is equipped with special treadmills. It is along them that the support rollers and flanges move. The tractor suspension ensures a smooth ride and connects the caterpillar drive to the main frame. In the front part, the spars are connected to each other by a transverse beam. At the rear, the role of the connector is performed by the rear axle housing.
Crawler tractor diagram
1 - engine; 2 — cabin; 3 - fuel tank; 4 — levers of the mounted device; 5 — power take-off shaft; 6 — trailer bracket; 7 - drive wheel; 8 — central gear; 9 — caterpillar; 10 — gearbox; 11 — support wheel; 12 — clutch; 13 — guide wheel.
Engine
The T-70 tractor is equipped with a D-240 engine. The 78-horsepower component unit has a four-cylinder, four-stroke design. Initially, the power plant was started using an additional engine, but later this point was somewhat simplified. This was achieved thanks to the installation of an electric starter. The engine is equipped with a liquid cooling and direct injection system. At the same time, the fuel consumption of such a unit remains at the level of 190 g/l.h.
Structurally, the T-70 tractor engine is not too complicated. It is characterized by extreme compactness and low demands on the quality of fuels and lubricants.
The small number of cylinders is due to the low rotation speed and the need to obtain more torque.
During operation, the power unit is subjected to fairly high thermal loads, as a result of which there is a need for high-quality oil cooling. For this purpose, special oil-type radiators are installed in the lubrication system.
Steering
The turning mechanism of the T-70 tractor is made in the form of multi-disc clutches, which are installed on the splines of the bridge shaft. The band brake mechanism has a floating design. This design feature allows the braking process to be carried out when moving forward and backward. The rotating mechanisms are controlled from the cab using two levers. To facilitate the force exerted on the swing arms, the mechanisms are additionally equipped with hydraulic boosters.
The quality of track control is directly related to the condition of the steering clutches and brakes. Due to the high wear of the friction linings, the compression force and the contact area of the discs decrease. This entails a decrease in the friction force between the discs, so the clutches begin to slip. Also, if the levers have too much free movement, the discs can become completely disconnected, making it very difficult to turn the machine.
Transmission
The tractor transmission is mechanical. The main friction clutch allows for the smoothest possible connection of this part with the component power plant. The manual gearbox has eight forward speeds and two reverse speeds. The transmission is connected by a gear coupling to the initial shaft of the gearbox. This element is controlled by pressing the pedal. In this case, the reduction in force is achieved by the presence of a hydraulic booster.
The gearbox has constant mesh gears. Despite the certain complexity of this design, the driver can change gears while moving. Splined clutches with synchronizers ensure shock-free gear shifting.
Hydraulics
The individual elements of the hydraulic system are connected to each other through the use of high and low pressure oil lines. The T-70 tractor is equipped with separate-module type hydraulics. Here you should also add an automatic coupler, as well as a rear and front linkage mechanism. The latter has a special stop that allows you to limit the rotation of the lifting mechanisms.
The tractor's hydraulic system is equipped with a special tank for working fluid, which is mineral or gear oil.
Also installed here is a high-pressure pump, distributor and power cylinders. During operation, the pump takes liquid from the tank and supplies it under pressure to the distributor. With its help, transmission oil enters the power cylinder, as a result of which it lifts the equipment. Provided that if lifting is not performed, the liquid is sent back to the tank.
Cabin
The T-70 tractor is equipped with a closed metal cabin. Inside it there are two seats, one of which can be adjusted in accordance with the anthropometric data of the driver. Manufacturers provided for the installation of an air cooler and heating system.
A rear-view mirror is installed in the cabin for maximum control of the entire driving situation. The presence of special visors allows you to reliably protect the driver from the sun. There is also a first aid kit, thermos and hooks for clothes inside.
Chassis and steering
- The tracked undercarriage of the tractor has rear drive wheels. The power base of the 5-roller tracked bogie is a hollow rectangular spar. Support rollers are provided.
- Lubrication of bogie rollers is centralized from containers inside the hollow side members.
- The tractor has a transverse torsion bar suspension, round torsion bars, mounted in pipes. Pairwise grouping into anterior and posterior groups was used.
- The drive wheels of the caterpillar propulsion system are rear driven and driven through a 2-stage gearbox.
- The turning unit is based on multi-disc friction clutches mounted on the splines of the drive shaft of the rear wheels.
- The tractor brakes are band brakes, dry type, implemented using a floating design. They work when moving forward and backward.
Price and owner reviews
The cost of tractors on the secondary market starts from 80 thousand rubles. Cars from recent years of production are in better condition and have a longer residual life. The cost of tractors produced after 2004 reaches 200 thousand rubles.
Semyon, Ust-Labinsk
Delivery of the T-70 to the work site is carried out on a trawl. When moving independently, the operator quickly gets tired due to the rigid chassis. All shocks are transmitted to the seat and controls. The chassis is a weak point and requires constant monitoring and repair. The T-70 is not suitable for plowing, since increased loads destroy the chassis and final drive. The tractor is used for sowing and cultivation on sloped fields. Cross-country ability is higher than that of wheeled vehicles MTZ-82.
Kirill, Volgograd
The tractor is reliable, but requires regular maintenance. When buying a car, you should pay attention to the gearbox and the condition of the tracks. If the 9th speed lock is removed, then it is better to refuse the purchase. When driving at high speeds, the elements of the chassis and transmission are destroyed.
Vladimir, Orel
The T-70 is a Belarus tractor with a tracked chassis. Due to this, excellent cross-country ability is ensured, the tractor works well in row-spacing. But the unreliability of the track drive negates all the advantages. Spare parts of the original design are expensive and difficult to find.
Cabin
The closed all-metal cabin of the caterpillar tractor is designed for two people and has a large glass area. It is possible to change the height of the driver's seat.
The cabin is well equipped for Soviet-made equipment of the 70s. To increase the level of comfort, it was standardly provided
- thermos retainer;
- hooks for clothes;
- A first aid kit is provided.
A forced cabin ventilation unit with an air purifier is installed, and there is a heater. Sun visors reduce fatigue when working in cloudless weather.
Attachment system
To install attachments, a classic three-point tractor mounting scheme is used.
Interesting! The automatic coupler is designed for more than fifty different types of equipment. Mechanized attachments can be connected
- to the hydraulic system;
- to the power take-off shaft.
Onboard hydraulics are technically built according to a block diagram. Its individual units are a pump, a distributor, a supply tank, pipelines and power cylinders.
The power take-off shaft is driven by the engine using a two-speed gearbox.
Some owners independently modify the design by installing a front unit for attachments (for example, a bulldozer blade).
A separate hitch is provided for trailed units.
Modifications
The T-70 brand of caterpillar tractor combines a number of slightly different models. The need for modification was due to the desire to achieve technical simplicity of installation of attachments and efficiency when processing certain types of crops.
The most widespread are the T-70V tracked tractors for vineyards and the T-70S for sugar beets. There was also a T-70ВХ, aimed at hop crops.
The T-70SM tractor stands apart with a modernized cab and a hydraulic distributor moved to its rear wall.
Features of operation and design of the tractor
The model has diesel engine Cooling liquid is used. It is turned on using a starting device and an electric starter.
The chassis is represented by the following elements:
- Track chains;
- Pendants;
- All wheels;
- Crawler-type trolleys;
- Rollers for support.
The clutch is designed using a friction clutch - single disc, dry and permanently closed. eight-speed gearbox The gear shift diagram of the T 70c tractor is simple and outlined directly in the line of sight.
Rotating mechanism T-70S
The axle on the rear side consists of swivel mechanisms, a cone-shaped central gear, a braking system and a PTO gearbox. This unit is equipped with band brakes. They allow you to brake regardless of pedal travel to control the brakes.
In general, the tractor is used when working with row crops. If you install a trailed and semi-mounted structure, then it becomes possible to perform a whole range of works. For example, processing grapes or sugar beets. The T-70S tractor can also handle public works.
